|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | [[Image:Jacques Étienne Montgolfier.jpg|thumb|250px|Jacques Étienne Montgolfier]]
| + | Joseph Montgolfier was a stupid, stupid bitch. My god, he was such a moron, he once like, ate feces off of the floor of a bathroom. I mean, DAMN, he was stupid. I heard that he was a spank too. |
| − | | |
| − | The '''Montgolfier brothers''', '''Joseph Michel Montgolfier''' ([[August 26]], [[1740]] – [[June 26]], [[1810]]) and '''Jacques Étienne Montgolfier''' ([[January 6]], [[1745]] – [[August 2]], [[1799]]), [[inventor]]s of the '''''montgolfière''''', or [[hot air balloon]].
| |
| − | | |
| − | The brothers were the sons of a [[paper]] manufacturer at [[Annonay]], south of [[Lyon]], [[France]]. When playing with inverted paper bags over open fire they found that the bags rose to the ceiling. This led them to experiment further with larger bags made of other materials. During [[1782]] they tested indoors with silk and linen.
| |
| − | | |
| − | On [[December 14]], [[1782]] they succeeded in an outdoor launch of an 18 m³ silk bag, which reached an altitude of 250 m.
| |
| − | | |
| − | On [[June 5]], [[1783]], as a first public demonstration, they sent up at Annonay a 900 m³ linen bag inflated with hot air. Its flight covered 2 km, lasted 10 minutes, and had an estimated altitude of 1600 - 2000 m.
| |
| − | | |
| − | The subsequent test sent up the first living beings in a basket attached to the balloon: a sheep, a duck and a cockerel, to ascertain the effects of the air at higher altitude. This was performed at [[Versailles]], before [[Louis XVI of France]], to gain his permission for a trial human flight.
| |
| − | | |
| − | An ascent in a fixed balloon took place around [[October 15]] (12 or 14 according to Montgolfier), to an altitude of 26 m.
| |
| − | | |
| − | On [[November 21]], [[1783]], the first free flight by humans was made by [[Pilâtre de Rozier]] and the [[marquis d'Arlandes]], who flew aloft for 25 minutes about 100 metres above [[Paris]] for a distance of nine kilometres.
| |
| − | (A flight by Karl Friedrich Meerwein in 1781 with his "ornithopter", a flapping device, probably preceded this event, but it never became a generally used viable means of flight.)
| |
| − | | |
| − | The ascensions made a sensation. Numerous engravings commemorated the events. Chairs were designed with balloon backs, and mantel clocks were produced in enamel and gilt-bronze replicas set with a dial in the balloon.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Only one of the brothers (which one is unknown) ever flew in a balloon himself, and then only once.
| |
| − | | |
| − | In 1766, the British scientist [[Henry Cavendish]] had discovered hydrogen gas, by adding sulphuric acid to iron, tin, zinc shavings, and [[hot air balloon]]s were superseded by [[hydrogen]] gas balloons.
| |
| − | | |
| − | This was followed by further flights, including a crossing of the English Channel on January 7, 1785, by Jean-Pierre Blanchard and John Jeffries.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Gas baloons did not return until the [[1960s]], when [[Raven Industries]] improved the safety of the classic Montgolfier design by using ripstop nylon for the envelope and [[propane]] gas as the burner fuel.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==External links==
| |
| − | *[http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2003/hetherington/final/montgolfier_bros.html "Lighter than air: the Montgolfier brothers"]
| |
| − | *[http://www.start-flying.com/Montgolfier.htm "Balloons and the Montgolfier brothers"]
| |
| − | *[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-64386 "Karl Friedrich Meerwein"]
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[Category:1740 births]]
| |
| − | [[Category:1810 deaths]]
| |
| − | [[Category:French balloonists]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Multiple people]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[de:Montgolfier]]
| |
| − | [[es:Hermanos Montgolfier]]
| |
| − | [[fr:Frères Montgolfier]]
| |
| − | [[he:האחים מונגולפייה]]
| |
| − | [[io:Montgolfier fratuli]]
| |
| − | [[ja:モンゴルフィエ兄弟]]
| |
| − | [[no:Brødrene Montgolfier]]
| |
| − | [[pl:Bracia Montgolfier]]
| |
| − | [[sr:Браћа Монголфје]]
| |
| − | [[fi:Montgolfierin veljekset]]
| |
| − | [[sv:Montgolfier]]
| |
| − | [[zh:孟格菲兄弟]]
| |
