AY Honors/Candle Making/Answer Key/es

Arte de hacer velas
Asociación General Artes y actividades manuales	Destreza: 1 Año de introducción: 1972

Requisitos

1

Hacer al menos cinco de los siguientes:

1a

Vela de arena tipo forma libre

1b

Vela en capa de colores

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Clove hitch/es

1c

Vela hecha de un molde

1d

Vela de hielo

1e

Vela sumergida

When the candles are finished, they are hung over a rod and allowed to cool completely. The wick shared by the two candles is cut once they cool (or just prior to use).

1f

Vela en gotera de cera

There are several ways to do this. One way is to start with a core candle and slowly drip wax of a contrasting colour over it. Another way is to take a wine bottle and burn dripping candles in it (there are special dripping candles available, or just use regular candles. You may want to tilt the candles regularly to maximize the dripping. After the bottle is about covered with the dripped wax, put a regular candle in the top of the bottle and burn it.

1g

Vela perfumada

Any of the other candle described here can be perfumed by adding scented oils to the liquid wax. These scents are available in any craft store that carries candle-making supplies.

1h

Vela de cera de abejas

The varieties of beeswax candles that you can make is limited only by your imagination. Beeswax is available in sheets, in a variety of colors. Rolling the sheets around a wick is a popular way to make a candle.

To make a tapered candle, take a sheet of beeswax and cut it diagonally. Place a piece of wick about 2.5 cm longer than the shortest side of the triangle. Place the wick on this side of the beeswax. Start rolling the beeswax from this edge. The other side of the 900 angle should be kept straight as you roll the beeswax.

Using two sheets of wax in contrasting colours makes a striped tapered candle.

1i

Velas flotantes

Floating Candle Instructions

The key difference is that the candle is made in a removable mold. Flexible plastic cups or egg cartons should work well.

1j

Vela en un contenedor/jarra

Same instructions as c. above, except you will leave the candle in the jar to burn it.

1k

Vela decorada

Generally it is easier to add decorations to the larger round or square candles, rather than the tapers. You could paint, etch, tie on ribbon (low down, where they will not burn), insert pins or do other creative things.

2

Conocer dos clases de cera para hacer velas y sus usos.

Paraffin

today, fuel is nearly always some form of wax, with paraffin wax being the most common. Paraffin is a byproduct of petroleum distillation, and as such is cheaply available in great quantities. Wax ranges from liquid at room temperature to wax that melts at a couple of hundred degrees F. The stickiness or malleability of waxes also varies from blisters that are sticky like honey at room temperature, through to hard carving waxes which are brittle and melt at high temperatures. Different waxes will give you different effects for your candles.

Beeswax

Beeswax candles burn cleanly, with little or no wax dripping down the sides and little visible smoke. A beeswax candle flame has a "warmer," more yellow color than that of paraffin, and the color of the flame may vary depending on the season in which the wax was harvested. Beeswax is a natural product.

3

Conocer los tamaños de las mechas y cuál de ellos se quemarán adecuadamente en cada vela.

While there is no exact formulation to figure what size wick to use there are some general guidelines that will help. The size of the wick depends upon a few factors. These factors are additives in the candle, size of the candle and the type of wick. The kinds and amounts of additives will vary widely from candlemaker to candlemaker, as will the size and wick type so this is what makes an exact formula for choosing a wick size next to impossible to create. The best method for choosing the correct wick size is through testing. Try different size wicks for different candle recipes and see what size wick works best. There are, however, some general guidelines that can help the candlemaker decide what size of wick to use.

There are some tips that have been handed down by veteran candlemakers that can help the novice in the quest to find the correct wick size. The following tips are just generalizations, but are still a good place to start.

1. Wick size should general match the candle size. For example, small candles use small diameter wicks.
2. Wicks that are too small for the candle will leave a lot of unburned wax around the outside of the candle or just drown in the pool of wax that gathers at its base.
3. Wicks that are too large for the candle will cause excessive smoke, burn too fast, or even cause the wax to overflow down the sides of the candle or container.

The best guideline to use when choosing a wick size is to first decide the type of wick to use. The different materials that wicks are made of also effect how it burns. The following list includes common wick types and the types of candles they work the best in.

Wick type	Wax type	Candle type
CD wicks	Some beeswax and gels, paraffin	solid color, no fragrance
CDN wicks	Paraffin	Solid color, free standing pillar, container
3-ply cotton wick	Paraffin	Pillar, taper
Square braided wick	Any	Any
Paper core wick	Petroleum	Votive, pillar, container
Cotton core wick	Any	Tealight, votive, container, pillar

4

¿Cuándo una mecha de metal debería ser utilizada?

A metal core wick should be used on any candle with a large diameter. The purpose of the metal core is to hold the wick upright, keeping it from falling over and drowning the flame in liquid wax.

5

Conocer las técnicas de seguridad al hacer velas.

• When heating wax, it should be tended at all times.
• Have a fire extinguisher handy when heating wax in case it flares up.
• In the event of a flare-up, you may be able to extinguish the flame by covering the pot with a lid, cutting off the oxygen. If this fails, you will need a fire extinguisher.
• Wax should be melted in a double boiler rather than with direct heat. A double boiler can be improvised by placing the wax in a large tin can and then placing the can in a pot of water. The water is then boiled and the heat is transferred to the wax, causing it to melt. An added advantage to using a tin can for this purpose is that it can be discarded when finished.
• Hot wax and boiling water can burn you. Exercise appropriate caution.

References

• http://jas.familyfun.go.com/crafts?page=CraftDisplay&craftid=11893 Ice candle instructions
• http://spiritcrafts.stores.yahoo.net/seamlatmol.html These will make great molds.
• https://honours.adventistconnect.org/candle-making additional trainers notes from South Pacific Div.