AY Honors/Sailing/Answer Key/es

Navegación a vela
Asociación General Actividades recreacionales	Destreza: 2 Año de introducción: 1953

Requisitos

1

Tener la especialidad de Natación II.

Para consejos e instrucciones, véase Natación II.

2

Conocer las «reglas generales» para la navegación.

For the purposes of the sailing honor we will focus in the rules of the road that apply to small sailing boats.

It is important to note here that you are responsible for learning the rules and regulations that apply to whichever boat you are operating in the country and state or province where you are operating the boat.

There are five basic rules of the road for small sailing boats to decide who has the "Right-of-Way" so that each boat's skipper (driver) will know what to do to avoid a collision.

When sailing the words "left" and "right" in reference are replaced with "port" and "starboard". It is important to remember which is which since the rules of the road for sailing rely on using these words to assign right-of-way.

You might be able to remember this by noticing that the letter "R" appears twice in the word "starboard", and only once in "port". Then since "right" begins with "R", you will know that the right hand side of the boat when facing forward is the starboard side.

The next item to remember is the word "tack" and how it is used to describe which side of the boat the wind is blowing from. As seen in the illustration below, if the wind is coming from the right hand side of the boat, and the sail is on the left side, the boat is on a starboard tack. When the wind and sail are reveresed, the boat is on a port tack.

Rule Number 1:

When two sailboats are approaching each other and are on different tacks, the boat on the starboard tack has the right-of-way over the boat which is in the port tack. An easy way to remember this is to think about power boat lights. At the front the boat has red on the port (left side) and green to the starboard (right). If you are approaching a boat and can "see" the red light, then the other boat has the right of way. (small sail boats rarely have the actual lights, but you can imagine them)

In the illustration below, boat "A" on the port tack, must turn to avoid boat "B" on the starboard tack.

Rule Number 2:

When two sailboats are approaching each other and are on the same tack, the leeward boat has the right-of-way over the windward boat. Another way to say this is to say that the boat closer to the wind source must keep clear. The boat further from the wind source has the right-of-way.

In the illustration below, boat "B" is the windward boat and must turn to avoid boat "A" which is leeward.

Rule Number 3

A sailboat that is staying on a tack has the right-of-way over a sailboat that is tacking or gybing. A simpler way to say this is to say "make sure you have room to complete a tack or a gybe without interfering with any other boats before doing so". Make sure that you can see clearly in all directions to ensure you have room.

In the illustration below, boat "A" must ensure that it leaves plenty of room to avoid boat "B", who has the right-of-way, since boat "B" is continuing on its tack. However, in the event that boat "A" was unable to tack due to the proximity of "B", remember that "A" is the leeward boat so therefore could tell boat "B" to give room to tack, but would lose this right of way as soon as they actually began to tack.

Rule Number 4

Any sailboat that is overtaking a slower boat from behind must steer clear of the slower boat and give right-of-way. The slower boat should hold its course and allow the faster boat to pass.

In the illustration below, boat "A" is a faster boat, and must steer around the slower boat "B", who should remain on the same course.

Rule Number 5

Most of the time sailboats have the right-of-way over power boats. Since most powerboats are more easily maneuverable than sailboats, they must steer clear. This is not always the case however. Larger power boats are sometimes steering in the deep channel of the area, and cannot leave the channel. In this case the sailboat does not have right-of-way, and must avoid impeding the progress of the larger vessel. Many larger power boats cannot simply stop quickly or easily turn to avoid a small sailboat, so it is in the sailor's best interest to steer well clear of these larger boats.

In the illustration below, the powerboat "A" must turn to avoid the sailboat "B", who has the right-of-way.

3

Saber cómo las condiciones meteorológicas y las condiciones de alto oleaje pueden afectar a la seguridad y el desempeño de la vela.

4

¿Qué precauciones de seguridad deben seguirse cuando se navega a vela?

5

Con la ayuda de un amigo, hacer lo siguiente:

5a

Poner un velero en marcha desde un muelle, amarre o playa.

5b

Ajustar adecuadamente las velas en las siguientes condiciones:

i

Viento en contra

ii

Viento a través

iii

Viento largo

iv

Viento ceñido

v

Viento a favor

5c

Cambiar el rumbo en arco y al girar el foque.

5d

Regresar el velero a un muelle, amarradero o playa y prepararlo para ser dejado solo.

6

Saber cómo amarrar y usar los siguientes nudos:

6a

Cuadrado

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Square/es

6b

As de guía

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Bowline/es

6c

Ballestrinque

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Clove hitch/es

6d

Figura de ocho

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Figure 8/es

6e

Dos medio cotes

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Two half hitches/es

6f

Bandolero

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Mooring hitch/es

7

Hacer una lista de diferentes maneras para cuidar por el año el equipaje de navegar a vela.

8

Conocer la definición de al menos 20 términos utilizados en navegar a vela.

9

Ser capaz de identificar al menos 15 partes de un velero.

The names of the parts of a sailboat can be broken down into three sets of terms:

• Parts of the sail
• Parts of the rigging
• Parts of the boat

10

Demostrar el rescate de una persona por la borda.

Note: This requirement should be done under the supervision of an adult, with a rescue boat, to give assistance if needed.

11

Demostrar qué hacer cuando un velero se vuelca.

Note: This requirement should be done under the supervision of an adult, with a rescue boat, to give assistance if needed.

If possible, position the boat so that the bow (front) is facing the wind. This will help your righting efforts, by not having to pull the sails up against a wind.

Right the boat and scoop

The sailor in the water grabs on to a stationary object in the boat's cockpit. The sailor on the centerboard leans back and starts to right the boat.

The sailor in the water is scooped into the cockpit and helps stabilize the boat as it is righted.

Entering the cockpit

As the sailors enter the cockpit they should duck to avoid getting hit by the boom. The sheet of the mainsail and jib should be loose and the sails allowed to luff so they will not re-capsize the boat while it is righting.

Get back in

Sailor still in the water will crawl or slither back in over the side. The boat will probably be pretty low in the water since the cockpit will be close to full of water.

Bail and organize

Once upright and on board, take some time to bail out some water, untangle lines, and sort out any loose items before getting underway again.

Remember the following safety rules

1. Never swim toward shore. It looks closer than it is and you may not make it.
2. Always stay with the boat.
3. Do not swim under the sails or hull.
4. Upon entering the boat after it has come upright, be sure to duck to avoid the swinging boom.

Additional information

Boat flotation

All sailboats can capsize and without adequate flotation they will sink. There should be enough flotation so when the boat is righted it will float high enough to keep it from being swamped with water and allow you to bail it out. Many manufactured boats have built-in watertight flotation compartments. The watertight integrity of these compartments should be inspected before you go sailing. They usually have access holes to allow you to check for leaks and remove any water that may have accumulated.

These holes may be small drain holes or large enough to pass your hand through them. Whatever size they are, it is critical that the drain plugs or access covers are securely fastened. If your boat capsizes and the holes are open, water flooding the compartments will deplete their flotation. Air bags or foam in or under the seats may also be used if a boat does not have watertight flotation compartments or the size of the compartments doesn’t provide sufficient flotation.

It is important for small boat sailors to know if their boat has sufficient flotation. One sure method of determining this is to capsize it in water that is deep enough for the boat, but shallow enough for you stand. Push down on one side until the boat starts to take on water, and then hand over hand up the shroud to the top of the mast to pull the mast down to the water. After the boat is capsized on its side, bring it upright again. How high does the boat float? How much water is in the cockpit? How long does it take to bail out the water? It shouldn’t take longer than several minutes.

Bailing equipment

Bailing equipment is also part of standard safety gear. While few small boat sailors carry a pump, a small bucket or a large plastic bottle with the bottom cut off works well. Attach the bailer to the boat with a length of cord to prevent it from floating away during a capsize. A large sponge (the kind used to wash cars) can be used to finish the bailing.

Above all, remember to stay with your boat. As long as its floating you will be safe. Remember the boat does not get tired and it can be visible a long way off. Don't ever think of swimming ashore.