AY Honors/Red Alert/Answer Key/es

Alerta roja
Asociación General Salud y Ciencia	Destreza: 1 Año de introducción: 1986

Requisitos

Conexión Logros para la Investidura: Esta especialidad está relacionada con los requisitos de Logros para la Investidura para AMIGO Salud y aptitud física que requiere el desarrollo completo de esta especialidad. Un requisito de GUÍA Salud y aptitud física puede cumplirse después de enseñar esta especialidad

1

Decir lo que se debe hacer para evitar lesiones y/o la posible pérdida de vidas en las siguientes situaciones:

1a

Un incendio en la casa, en la casa de un vecino o en un edificio público

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Fire/es

1b

Atrapado en un vehículo en una tormenta de nieve o en el desierto

Tormenta de nieve

En una tormenta de nieve, asegúrese de que las puertas están cerradas y todas las ventanas están arriba. Use agua un poco a la vez y apagar el motor del vehículo para evitar la intoxicación por monóxido de carbono. Cuando la nieve se detiene, salir del vehículo y limpiar la nieve del techo, el capó, el baúl y las ventanas. Esto permitirá que otros puedan ver el vehículo y permitirán la luz del sol para calentar el interior.

Desierto

Salga del vehículo y encuentre sombra. Si es necesario, busque refugio en la sombra de su vehículo. Trate de mantenerse hidratado bebiendo agua. Si se queda sin agua, tal vez puede recogerla del vehículo por la mañana cuando haya rocío. En vez de racionar su agua, beba todo lo que pueda cuando pueda. En lugar de arrojar su ropa, póngase más para mantener la humedad de su cuerpo. Manténgase cerca del vehículo. No trate de ir caminando a la estación de gasolina que cree que pasó «hace dos kilómetros». Fácilmente podría haber sido hace 10 kilómetros.

1c

Un accidente automovilístico

Contact the police and stay calm. Stay out of traffic. If your car is in the traffic lanes try to move it or get everyone out of the car and away from traffic to prevent injury if the disabled car is hit again. If available, light road flares to alert other motorists of the danger ahead.

1d

Terremoto

Go somewhere safe such as under a heavy table or desk or stand in a doorway and away from windows, breakable and objects. Stay calm. If you are outside, stay away from buildings and power lines. Once the shaking stops, exit the building and stay outside until the building judged safe by a responsible adult (minor earthquake) or building inspector (major damage). Be aware aftershocks commonly follow earthquakes so don't assume the danger is over just because the shaking stopped.

Earthquakes cause other dangers, some of which may not be immediately obvious. Broken gas mains can cause explosions. Electricity may be disabled. Live powerlines may fall down. Traffic accidents may increase due to panic and damaged infrastructure. Roads and bridges may be damaged and unsafe. Local flooding can happen because of failed water mains or broken dams. In coastal areas you may need to evacuate to higher ground to escape an earthquake caused tsunamis.

Emergency services may be overwhelmed so only call 911 if you have a serious problem requiring immediate emergency attention. Cell phone networks may be damaged, and are likely to overload from excessive use following an earthquake. Do your part to limit phone calls and cell phone internet use to absolutely necessary communication. Consider a text or facebook post to advise loved ones you are ok rather than adding to the network burden.

Consider knocking on doors to check on neighbours. Local radio is the best source of information following a major earthquake because it is available in automobiles and radio stations are specifically designated to quickly share important information in major emergencies.

1e

Inundación

Learn the safest route to travel, staying on higher ground away from low-lying areas. Disconnect electrical appliances and equipment, or turn off the main breaker. Know public warning in your area. Do not attempt to cross a flooded stream, such as one that is over the road. Water is very strong and can sweep even a heavy truck downstream in an instant. If you find yourself being swept downstream, try to float on your back and get your feet in front of you with your toes out of the water to avoid foot-entrapment. Do not try to stand in swift water, as if you are knocked over and your foot becomes entrapped by something under the water, the water will hold you down and you will not be able to get up. Use your arms to keep yourself afloat and to guide yourself to the bank.

1f

Tornado

Go to a basement or storm shelter. Remain alert to weather conditions. Be familiar with the community warning systems.

1g

Huracán

When a hurricane is forecast to strike your area, take steps to protect yourself. Put up shutters to protect your property and evacuate if advised to do so by local officials. Have a supply of non-perishable food and water on hand. Be aware of storm surge, which is caused when a hurricane temporarily raises the level of the ocean, sometimes by dozens of feet. Take shelter somewhere on high ground during the storm.

1h

Tormenta eléctrica

Stay away from trees, tall objects, water, and objects made of metal (such as railing). If possible, get inside a building or in a car. If your hair stands on end, drop to your knees and place your hands on your knees. This will make you a smaller target for a lightning strike. Do not lay on the ground, as this will make you a larger target.

Do not use a traditional land-line telephone (cell phones are OK though). Stay away from windows. Do not take a shower or a bath during a thunderstorm.

1i

Emergencia atómica

You will first need to decide if you should evacuate or take shelter. If the emergency is already underway, you will need to take shelter underground. If the emergency is pending, but likely, you should evacuate to a safe area without delay. Television and radio reports as well as the local law enforcement should be able to help you make this decision.

On an individual scale, one means of preparation for exposure to nuclear fallout is to obtain potassium iodide (KI) tablets as a safety measure to protect the human thyroid gland from the uptake of dangerous radioactive iodine. Another measure is to cover the nose, mouth and eyes with a piece of cloth and sunglasses to protect against alpha particles.

1j

Avalancha de rocas o de nieve

Rock Avalanche

Quickly exit the affected area. If escape is not possible, curl into a tight ball facing downhill (with your back to the oncoming rocks) and cover your head. When the landslide ends, check for trapped or injured persons without entering the slide area (more debris could follow). Direct rescue personnel to any victims you are able to locate. Watch for flooding - landslides are usually triggered by water. Watch for broken utility lines (electric, gas, and water) and report them to the authorities.

Snow

It is better to not travel in avalanche country, but if travel is necessary, risk can be reduced by observing avalanche safety rules and carrying proper equipment. This includes a radio beacon on every member of your party, and shovels. Radio beacons made for this purpose transmit constantly, and can be switched to receiver mode after an avalanche. These can help to find buried victims. Finding victims quickly and digging them out greatly increases their chances of survival. Avalanche snow compacts into a very hard mass very quickly after an avalanche, so a shovel is an essential piece of gear. It is next to impossible to dig someone out of an avalanche with bare hands or even with a ski, but if that is all you have available, you should start right away.

1k

El barco o la canoa zozobra en aguas abiertas

Get as much of your body out of the water as quickly as possible. Get back to the boat immediately. If possible, right the boat, climb in, and bail it out. Otherwise, stay with the boat, as this will make it easier for a rescuer to find you. Do not attempt to swim to shore, as it is often a lot farther away than it appears.

2

¿Cuándo se llama por teléfono para solicitar ayuda en una situación de emergencia, cuál es la información esencial que se debe dar y quién debe colgar el teléfono de último?

Give your name, phone number, the nature of emergency, the location of the emergency, and whether any personal dangers or injuries are present. To make sure the police correctly attach you (and not someone else with a similar name) to the report you should also provide your birthdate and home address once the more important information is provided.

The person making the call to report an emergency should be the last to hang up the telephone. If you ever call 911 by accident do not hang up. Stay on the line and explain your mistake. Otherwise the police will send out a response you do not need, which could endanger others as emergency vehicles rush to your non-emergency.

3

Demostrar qué medidas de emergencia de primeros auxilios se deben llevar a cabo en las siguientes situaciones:

3a

La vestimenta de alguien incendiándose

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Clothes on fire

3b

Una lesión severamente sangrante (hemorragia severa)

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Bleeding

3c

Alguien que se está asfixiando

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Choking

3d

Alguien que se tragó veneno

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Poison

4

Hacer lo siguiente:

4a

Dibujar una vía de escape para su familia en caso de incendio en su casa cuando las salidas normales están bloqueadas.

Start by making a map of your house. Draw at least two escape routes for every room, making sure that the two routes do not cross a common area - otherwise, if the common area is affected you will not have a workable escape route.

4b

Practicar con su familia en su hogar un simulacro de incendio.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Fire drill

4c

Conversar con su examinador los procedimientos de seguridad que las personas de su iglesia y la escuela deberían tener en caso de un incendio. Deberá tenerse en cuenta cómo prevenir el pánico.

Panic usually occurs because a person does not know how to react in a dangerous situation. Having a plan in place before an emergency occurs will help control panic. Practicing the plan ahead of time (such as with a fire drill) reinforces the plan in everyone's minds, so that the situation will feel more familiar if it really happens. Rather than thinking "Oh no! What do I do?!" a practiced person will think "Oh, yes. I know what to do."

If you find yourself in an emergency and feel yourself beginning to panic, try to calm down and use your head. Panic will only make things worse. If you see others beginning to panic, touch them, tell them to calm down, and tell them exactly what they should do. If they see that you are not in a panic and seem to know what to do, they will likely follow.

The best way to quickly evacuate a crowded building such as a church or a school is for everyone to calmly walk out in an orderly fashion. If everyone runs, panic is more likely to take over, and the exits will become jammed as people attempt to squeeze around one another. People have been killed by crowds stampeding out of a building in a panic.

5

¿Qué debe usted y sus padres hacer para prevenir el secuestro de niños en su familia? ¿Qué debe hacer si usted está secuestrado?

Know where your children are all the time. Never leave children alone in cars. Establish a family code word. Tell the children never to go with anyone who does not know the code word. Have fingerprints taken of your children. Keep current photos and records (dental/medical). Make mental note of what your child wears every day. Make sure your children know their address and telephone number, and how to use the telephone. Teach them how to dial 9-1-1.

What to do if abducted: Yell - This person is not my father/mother. Kick the kidnapper's foot or knee. Scream "Fire!" as this is more likely to attract attention than screaming "Help!"

References

Wikipedia references:

• Abdominal Thrusts

Other references:

• http://www.fema.gov/kids/
• http://www.nilesema.com/landslidetips.htm