Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Drumming & Percussion/Answer Key"
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Revision as of 22:58, 15 August 2006
- This article is about the marching percussion unit called a drumline. For the 2002 film, see Drumline (film)
A drumline is a group of percussionists who play a variety of marching percussion instruments. A drumline may be an incorporated section of a high school or college marching band, a drum and bugle corps or indoor percussion ensemble, a pipe band, or a pep band, but also can exist independent of these larger ensembles. Indoor percussion ensembles serve as the most common outlet for stand-alone drumline performance.
Most drumlines can be divided into two sections; the back battery and front ensemble. However, the term drumline is frequently used to refer to just the battery. Dividing the battery further are the sub-sections of snare drums, tenors, bass drums, and sometimes cymbals.
The marching percussion instruments of a battery section features high tension drumheads so as to produce a loud, short, and articulate sound, ideal for the intricate passages played by contemporary drumlines. Marching snares are either 13 or 14 inches in diameter, depending on whether the line is playing indoors or outdoors. The circumference of the rim is lined with 12 evenly spaced lugs, designed to maintain the high tension of Kevlar or PET film heads. Tenor drums are sets of multiple drums worn by one marcher, usually in sets of 3 to 6 drums. Plastic and synthetic heads are most common in tenors and are tuned with a lower tension than snares, providing the drums with a more resonant, tonal sound which gives the drums a midrange, or tenor pitch support to the line. Marching basses consist of groupings of 4-6 individually carried bass drums. They are marched sequentially according size, with drum 1 being the smallest in diameter and weight and drum 4, 5, or 6, known as "bottom bass" being largest in diameter and weight. Marching cymbals are generally marched in groups of 2-8, though the range is simply by convention. Cymbals are held by each member of the sub-section and are either played by the individual holder, by a snare or tenor player, or used for visual purposes because of their reflective surfaces. A specific example is the well known "V" formation formed by the cymbal line of the Santa Clara Vanguard drum and bugle corps.
The front ensemble (also pit or frontline) can include any percussion instrument. This wide selection of instruments allows for the front ensemble to produce the greatest timbre variety in a marching ensemble. Front ensemble instruments are typically stationary during performance and are therefore not bound to the limitations of being mounted to the player. Instruments usually played in the front ensemble include marimba, vibraphone, bells, xylophone, and chimes. Oftentimes, in order to add special sounds to a piece, many auxiliary percussion instruments will also be implemented by the frontline ensemble.
Battery
The Battery percussion is one of the most popular sections for a drumline. There are four different types of battery percussion instruments. Marching Snare, Tenors (Quads, Quints, or Six Packs), Bass Drums (usually 5 or 6 graduating in size), and Cymbals (can be anywhere from 3 to 8 different size cymbals, usually always marching crashes).
Marching Snare
Marching Snare is probably one of the most prestigious positions on a drumline. Although all parts are important, the snare is one of the harder drums to play. Marching Snare music is usually more complicated and difficult than the bass drums or cymbals, and thus requires a lot of skill. Snare solos are very complicated and sometimes incorporate visual tricks that one performs with sticks. The snare line's function is melodic, providing the top voice and sound creating the center figures of rhythm that could be distinguished as the melody of a segment of music being played by the drumline. The snare section leader is usually the main tempo reference for the rest of the line.
Tenors
Tenors (also called toms, trios, quads, quints, timp-toms, hexes or six-packs depending on the number of drums) are a set of tonal drums similar to tom-toms. Tenors are usually four or five (sometimes six) different drums that graduate in size. Since there are more drums to play, the tenors require a lot of skill and coordination. Different from snare technique, this requires more use of the arms then just the wrist. Tenors can have visuals too, but the sheer complexity of a lot of tenor solos makes enough visuals by just the movement of the arms around the drums. The tenor line's main objective in the drumline ensemble is to add melodic color to the snare sound, as well as create an ambient yet furiously strong color to the palette.
Basses
Bass drums are the heart of a drumline. They are the voice that create the basso melodisism of the line. Bass Drum solos are written for multiple drums. Instead of being played by one person, the solo is split from drum to drum, to perfect bass drum sub-dividing takes much discipline, it is extremely difficult to master. Bass drums are considered by the ignorant majority to be the least difficult drum. In most cases, beginners will end up playing the bass drum, though, ironically... The bass section can also be the hardest to play depending on the music. Bass drum players must be very rhythmically secure in order to have a satisfactory section. Since the bass drum part is played by multiple drums, every player must "feel the beat" and count until they have a note that is to be played by the drum they are carrying. The effect is similar to that of a set of church bells.
Cymbals
Marching cymbals (referred to in slang as "plates") provide an equal musical and visual component in a drumline. Cymbals serve various roles, being played alone like crash cymbals, by the snares similarly to ride cymbals (using one cymbal) or hi-hats (pressing both together), or as suspended cymbals (a rare effect that requires mallets instead of drum sticks). Cymablists also flash, flip, and otherwise manipulate the cymbals for a visual effect. Cymbal lines are most present in indoor percussion ensembles, large marching bands, and drum and bugle corps (although they are rarer in DCI Division I corps).
Front Ensemble/Pit
Template:Main A front ensemble -- or "pit," as it is commonly called, is a group of the drumline that stands in front of the marching band, on the sideline towards the audience. This group plays mallet instruments such as the marimba, and xylophone, as well as auxiliary instruments such as suspended cymbals, tambourines, and tam-tams. This group often provides most of the melody for the drumline.
