Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Drumming & Percussion/Answer Key"

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{{Merge|Marching percussion|date=September 2006}}
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{{otheruses}}
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A '''rudiment''' is one of a set of basic patterns used in rudimental drumming. These patterns form the basic building blocks or "vocabulary" of drumming, and can be combined in a more-or-less infinite variety of ways to create drumming music.
  
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:''This article is about the percussion unit of a marching band called a '''drumline'''. For the 2002 film, see [[Drumline (film)]]''
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There have been many attempts to formalise a standard list of [[snare drum]] rudiments. The [[National Association of Rudimental Drummers]] (NARD), an organization established to promote rudimental drumming, put forward a list of 13 "essential" rudiments, and later a second set of thirteen to form the original 26. Finally, the [[Percussive Arts Society]] (PAS) reorganized the first 26 and added another 14 to form the current "40 international drum rudiments".
  
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A '''drumline''' is a group of [[percussionist]]s who play a variety of [[percussion]] instruments. A drumline may be an incorporated section of a high school or college [[marching band]], a [[drum and bugle corps]] or [[indoor percussion ensemble]], a pipe band, or a pep band, but also can exist independent of these larger ensembles. [[Indoor percussion ensemble]]s serve as the most common outlet for stand-alone drumline performance.
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== The 40 P.A.S. International Drum Rudiments ==
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=== Single Stroke Roll Rudiments ===
  
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Most drumlines can be divided into two sections; the ''battery'' and ''[[front ensemble]]''. However, the term ''drumline'' is frequently and erroneously used  to refer to just the battery. Dividing the battery further are the sub-sections: snare drums, tenors, bass drums, and sometimes cymbals.
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<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>1.</td><td>Single Stroke balls</td>
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    <td>[[image:1_single_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>2.</td><td>Single Stroke Four</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:2_single_stroke_four.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>3.</td><td>Single Stroke Seven</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:3_single_stroke_seven.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
</table>
  
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[[image:The_drumline2.JPG|thumb|Right|''A practicing highschool drumline.'']]
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=== Multiple Bounce Roll Rudiments ===
  
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The [[marching percussion]] instruments of a battery section features high tension drumheads so as to produce a loud, short, and articulate sound, ideal for the intricate passages played by contemporary drumlines. Marching snares are either 13 or 14 inches in diameter, depending on whether the line is playing indoors or outdoors.  The circumference of the rim is lined with 12 evenly spaced lugs, designed to maintain the high tension of [[Kevlar]] or [[PET film (biaxially oriented)|PET film]] heads.  Tenor drums (Also known as "quads", "quints", or "six packs") are sets of multiple drums worn by one marcher, usually in sets of 3 to 6 drums.  Plastic and synthetic heads are most common in tenors and are tuned with a lower tension than snares, providing the drums with a more resonant, tonal sound which gives the drums a midrange, or tenor pitch support to the line.  Marching basses consist of groupings of 4-6 individually carried bass drums.  They are marched sequentially according size, with drum 1 being the smallest in diameter and weight and drum 4, 5, or 6, known as "bottom bass" being largest in diameter and weight. Marching cymbals are generally marched in groups of 2-8, though the range is simply by convention.  Cymbals are held by each member of the sub-section and are either played by the individual holder, by a snare or tenor player, or used for visual purposes because of their reflective surfaces.  A specific example is the well known "V" formation formed by the cymbal line of the [[Santa Clara Vanguard]] drum and bugle corps.
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<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>4.</td><td>Multiple Bounce Roll</td>
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    <td>[[image:4_multiple_bounce_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>5.</td><td>Triple Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:5_triple_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
</table>
  
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The [[front ensemble]] (also 'pit' or 'frontline') can include any [[percussion instrument]].  This wide selection of instruments allows for the front ensemble to produce the greatest [[timbre]] variety in a marching ensemble.  Front ensemble instruments are typically stationary during performance and are therefore not bound to the limitations of being mounted to the player. Instruments usually played in the front ensemble include marimba, vibraphone, bells, xylophone, and chimes. Oftentimes, in order to add special sounds to a piece, many auxiliary percussion instruments will also be implemented by the frontline ensemble.
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=== Double Stroke Rudiments ===
  
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== Battery ==
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<table cellpadding=7>
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<!--[[Image:Jhsbattery.jpg|thumb|right|C. E. Jordan High School Battery]]-->
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  <tr>
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There are four different types of battery percussion instruments. Marching Snare, Tenors (Trios, Quads, Quints, or Six Packs), Bass Drums (usually 4 or 5 graduating in size), and Cymbals (can be anywhere from 3 to 8 different size cymbals, usually marching crashes).  
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    <td>6.</td><td>Double Stroke Open Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:6_double_stroke_open_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>7.</td><td>Five Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:7_five_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>8.</td><td>Six Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:8_six_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>9.</td><td>Seven Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:9_seven_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>10.</td><td>Nine Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:10_nine_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>11.</td><td>Ten Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:11_ten_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>12.</td><td>Eleven Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:12_eleven_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>13.</td><td>Thirteen Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:13_thirteen_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>14.</td><td>Fifteen Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:14_fifteen_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>15.</td><td>Seventeen Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:15_seventeen_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
  
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===Marching Snare===
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</table>
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Although all parts are important, the snare is a position held in high regard, due in part to the extreme dedication of the best snare players. Marching snare music is virtually always played in complete unison with the entire snare line unlike the [[bass drums]]. Therefore, being a snare drummer is a position highly aspired to. Snare solos are rhythymically more complicated than a horn solo and may incorporate visual "tricks". The snare line's function is melodic, providing the top voice and sound creating the center figures of rhythm distinguished as the melody of a segment of music being played by the drumline. The snare section leader is usually the main tempo reference for the rest of the line, and band. Often during practises, in more intimate band settings the lead snare drummer will click, or tap the [[drum major]]'s tempo, to keep the band in time while practicing, especially [[marching drill]]
 
  
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[[Image:17ton.jpg|thumb|Right|''A drumline with sling-harness snares.'']]
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=== Diddle Rudiments ===
  
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===Tenors===
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<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>16.</td><td>Single Paradiddle</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:16_single_paradiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>17.</td><td>Double Paradiddle</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:17_double_paradiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>18.</td><td>Triple Paradiddle</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:18_triple_paradiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>19.</td><td>Paradiddle-Diddle</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:19_paradiddle_diddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
</table>
  
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Tenors (also called toms, trios, quads, quints, squints, timp-toms, hexes or six-packs depending on the number of drums) are a set of tonal drums similar to tom-toms. The Tenors usually weigh about 40-45 lbs. making them the heaviest of all the battery instruments. Tenors are usually four or five (sometimes three or six) different drums that graduate in size. Since there are several drums to play, the tenors require excellent coordination. Different from snare technique, tenor technique requires the use of the arms as well as the wrists. Tenors can have visuals too, but the sheer complexity of a lot of tenor solos makes enough visuals by just the movement of the arms around the drums.  The tenor line's main objective in the drumline ensemble is to add melodic color to the snare sound, as well as create an ambient yet furiously strong color to the palette.
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=== Flam Rudiments ===
  
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===Basses===
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<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>20.</td><td>Flam</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:20_flam.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>21.</td><td>Flam Accent</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:21_flam_accent.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>22.</td><td>Flam Tap</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:22_flam_tap.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>23.</td><td>Flamacue</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:23_flamacue.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>24.</td><td>Flam Paradiddle</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:24_flam_paradiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>25.</td><td>Single Flammed Mill</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:25_single_flammed_mill.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>26.</td><td>Flam Paradiddle-Diddle</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:26_flam_paradiddle_diddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>27.</td><td>PataFlaFla</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:27_pata_flafla.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>28.</td><td>Swiss Army Triplet</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:28_swiss_army_triplet.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>29.</td><td>Inverted Flam Tap</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:29_inverted_flam_tap.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>30.</td><td>Flam Drag</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:30_flam_drag.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
</table>
  
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Bass drums are the pulse and soul of a drumline.  They are the voice that creates the basso melodisism of the line. Bass drum solos are written for multiple drums.  Instead of being played by one person, the solo is split from drum to drum.  Bass drum sub-divsions take a large ammount of discipline to perfect, and are extremely difficult to master.  Bass drum players must be very rhythmically secure in order to have a satisfactory section.  While some consider the bass drum to be the easiest drum, a single bass part can be very difficult to play.  Learning parts for the Bass section job in the drumline and sometimes the whole band. A bass part may consist of split quarter, eighth, sixteenth, sextuplet, or even thirty-second notes, and because of the inconsistent playing it also involves precise timing and counting.  Since the bass drum part is played by multiple drums, every player must "feel the beat" and count until they have a note that is to be played by the drum they are carrying.  In placing members of the bass line, the person who can best play diddles, or two hits with one stroke, will be the top bass drum.  The second pitch bass drum is usually the best counter if not the top drum.  The reason being that the number two bass will have more parts, or parts that fall in an awkward position of the beat.  In filling out the rest of the bass line it just goes down the line based on skill, although this is not always the case.
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=== Drag Rudiments ===
  
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===Cymbals===
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<table cellpadding=7>
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Marching cymbals are not quite as common in drum corps, but are often seen in high school and university marching bands. Cymbals provide color and accentuate crecendi and louder dynamics. Cymbals may be played by the musicians holding them, or the individuals holding them may march with other drumline members who will play them. Marching cymbals roles are nearly as much visual as they are musical. Cymbals, often bright gold in color will be used to provide visual aspects to a band's show that accent and accentuate the band's performance. Cymbals range in diameter from 12 inches to 20 inches, and the larger cymbals can be quite strenuous to play. They require much arm strength and endurance to play due to great use of the entire arm, yet are incorrectly seen to be easy to play.
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  <tr>
 +
    <td>31.</td><td>Drag</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:31_drag.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>32.</td><td>Single Drag Tap</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:32_single_drag_tap.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>33.</td><td>Double Drag Tap</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:33_double_drag_tap.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>34.</td><td>Lesson 25</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:34_lesson_25.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>35.</td><td>Single Dragadiggle</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:35_single_dragadiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>36.</td><td>Drag Paradiddle #1</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:36_drag_paradiddle_1.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>37.</td><td>Drag Paradiddle #2</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:37_drag_paradiddle_2.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>38.</td><td>Single Ratamacue</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:38_single_ratamacue.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>39.</td><td>Double Ratamacue</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:39_double_ratamacue.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>40.</td><td>Triple Ratamacue</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:40_triple_ratamacue.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
</table>
  
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===Front Ensemble/Pit===
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== Historical Organization ==
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{{main|Front ensemble}}
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=== The Thirteen "Essential" Rudiments ===
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The [[front ensemble]], often called the pit, is comprised of two sections.  
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# The Long [[drum roll|Roll]]
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The mallet instruments (such as the [[marimba]], [[xylophone]], [[vibraphone]] and [[bells]]) are typically placed at the fifty yard line of the football field in front of the band. The mallet percussionists provide melody to the drumline, and are often required to perform complex musical passages called 'runs'. Mallet players must be well-focused and knowlegable of proper technique to be successful musicians.  
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# The Five Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
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The front auxiliary percussion instruments (like the [[timpani]], [[tamborine]], [[concert bass]], [[gong]], [[claves]], and [[toms]], but depending on the music, more unique and unconventional auxiliary instruments may be used) are usually placed on either side of the mallet instruments. The auxiliary musicians give personality to the music, by employing 'color' instruments such as suspended cymbals and tamborines. The mood of a passage of music can be drastically changed depending on the actions of the auxiliary percussion section.
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# The Seven Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
# The [[Flam]]
 +
# The [[Flam]] Accent
 +
# The [[Flam]] [[Paradiddle]]
 +
# The Flamacue
 +
# The Ruff
 +
# The Single Drag
 +
# The Double Drag
 +
# The Double [[Paradiddle]]
 +
# The Single Ratamacue
 +
# The Triple Ratamacue
 +
 
 +
=== The Second Thirteen Rudiments ===
 +
 
 +
<ol start=14>
 +
  <li>The Single Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Nine Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Ten Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Eleven Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Thirteen Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Fifteen Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The [[Flam]] Tap
 +
  <li>The Single [[Paradiddle]]
 +
  <li>The Drag [[Paradiddle]] #1
 +
  <li>The Drag [[Paradiddle]] #2
 +
  <li>The Flam [[Paradiddle]]-diddle
 +
  <li>The Lesson 25
 +
  <li>The Double Ratamacue
 +
</ol>
 +
 
 +
=== The Last Fourteen Rudiments ===
 +
 
 +
More recently, the Percussive Arts Society added 14 more rudiments to extended the list to the current "40 International Drum Rudiments". Note that the ordering was completely changed during this last re-organization, so these numbers won't match those above.
 +
 
 +
<ol start=27>
 +
  <li>The Single Stroke Four
 +
  <li>The Single Stroke Seven
 +
  <li>The Multiple Bounce [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Triple Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Six Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Seventeen Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Triple [[Paradiddle]]
 +
  <li>The Single [[Paradiddle]]-Diddle
 +
  <li>The Single [[flam|Flammed]] Mill
 +
  <li>The [[Pataflafla]]
 +
  <li>The [[Swiss Army Triplet]]
 +
  <li>The Inverted [[Flam]] Tap
 +
  <li>The [[Flam]] [[Drag (percussion)|Drag]]
 +
  <li>The Single Dragadiddle
 +
</ol>
 +
 
 +
== Books ==
 +
 
 +
* (1812) "A New, Useful, and Complete System of Drum Beating" by [[Charles Ashworth]]
 +
* (1815) "The Art of Beating the Drum" by [[Samuel Potter]]
 +
* (1861) "The Drummers' and Fifers' Guide" by [[Bruce Emmett]]
 +
* (1869) "Strube's Drum and Fife Instructor" by [[Gardiner A. Strube]]
 +
* (1886) "The Trumpet and Drum" by [[John Philip Sousa]]
 +
* (1935) "Stick Control" by George [[Lawrence Stone]]
 +
* (1945) "The All-American Drummer" by [[Charley Wilcoxin]]
 +
* (1959) "14 Modern Contest Solos For Snare Drum" by [[John S. Pratt]]
 +
* (1979) "The Technique and Mechanics of Rudimental Snare Drumming" by [[Ken Mazur]]
 +
* (1992) "The Drummer's Rudimental Reference Book" by [[John Wooten]]
 +
* (2004) "The Beat of a Different Drummer" by [[Dominick Cuccia]]
 +
 
 +
== Notable Contributors ==
 +
 
 +
* [[Charley Wilcoxon]]: instructor, author, teacher
 +
* [[J. Burns Moore]]: instructor, author, teacher
 +
* [[George Lawrence Stone]]: instructor, author, teacher
 +
* [[Earl Sturtze]]: instructor, author, teacher
 +
* [[Les Parks]]: instructor & arranger, Sons of Liberty Fife & Drum Corps, Hawthorne Cabaleros, Garfield Cadets
 +
* [[John S. Pratt]]: instructor, author, teacher
 +
* [[Fred Sanford (Percussion Instructor)|Fred Sanford]]: instructor & arranger, Santa Clara Vanguard Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
* [[Ralph Hardimon]]: instructor & arranger, Santa Clara Vanguard Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
* [[Tom Float]]: instructor & arranger, Blue Devils Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
* [[Marty Hurley]]: instructor & arranger, Phantom Regiment Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
* [[Scott Johnson (Percussion Instructor)|Scott Johnson]]: instructor & arranger, Blue Devils Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
* [[James Campbell (Percussion Instructor)|James Campbell]]: instructor & arranger, Cavaliers Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
* [[Bret Kuhn]]: instructor & arranger, Cavaliers Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
* [[Dennis DeLucia]]: instructor & arranger, Bridgemen Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
* [[Thom Hannum]]: instructor & arranger, Cadets Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
* [[Charley Poole, Jr.]] instructor & arranger, 27th Lancers Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
 
 +
== Hybrid Rudiments ==
 +
 
 +
Over the years, many other rudimental patterns have been informally identified and given creative names, although most of these are based upon the original 40. They are commonly known as "[[hybrid rudiment]]s" or "hybrids".
 +
 
 +
<!--
 +
 
 +
==Practical Use==
 +
 
 +
Some rudiments are rather esoteric, such as the Single Flammed Mill and the Ratatap, and are used only in a very small number of drum parts. They can still provide valuable practice to all percussionists, however, as they exercise different degrees of hand-independence and fine stick control.
 +
 
 +
Others, such as the [[Flam]], [[Drag (percussion)|Drag]] and [[Paradiddle]] form the basis of a wide range of rythyms in orchestral, drum-kit and marching percussion. The [[Paradiddle]] in particular is very versatile, forming the basis of many popular music [[drum fill]]s.
 +
 
 +
-->
 +
 
 +
<!--
 +
 
 +
==Open, Closed, Open==
 +
 
 +
When used in auditions for orchestral gigs and school [[Honor Band]]s, rudiments are almost always performed in an [[Open, closed, open]] format.
 +
 
 +
-->
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
−
*[http://www.ryan-development.com SCN Drumline]
+
*[http://www.vicfirth.com/education/rudiments.html Vic Firth]  
−
*[http://www.drumlines.org/ Drumline Discussion Board]
+
*[http://www.pas.org/Resources/rudiments/rudiments.html The Percussive Arts Society International Drum Rudiments]
−
*http://www.marcusdrumline.org/ 9-Time National Champion Marcus High School
+
*[http://www.josiahmicheletti.com Hybrid Rudiments Collection on JosiahMicheletti.com]
−
Drumline
+
*[http://www.rudimentaldrumming.com RudimentalDrumming.com]
−
*http://www.ldbellband.org/ home of the renowned L.D. Bell High School Drumline
+
*[http://www.dreadeddrummer.com/ Dreaded Drummer Productions]
 +
*[http://music.wikiot.com/MusicWiki/Category:Drums Drums at Wikiot.com] - A Wiki devoted to music.  Offers lessons to improve upon the PAS rudiments and variations of the rudiments.
 +
 
 
{{Rudimental Percussion}}
 
{{Rudimental Percussion}}
  
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[[Category:Musical groups]]
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[[Category:Percussion performance techniques]]
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[[Category:Percussion ensembles]]
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[[Category:Drum Rudiments]]
 
[[Category:Rudimental Percussion]]
 
[[Category:Rudimental Percussion]]
  
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[[de:Drumline]]
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[[de:Rudiments]]
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[[it:Rudimento]]
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[[fi:Rudimentit]]

Revision as of 21:47, 28 October 2006

Template:Otheruses A rudiment is one of a set of basic patterns used in rudimental drumming. These patterns form the basic building blocks or "vocabulary" of drumming, and can be combined in a more-or-less infinite variety of ways to create drumming music.

There have been many attempts to formalise a standard list of snare drum rudiments. The National Association of Rudimental Drummers (NARD), an organization established to promote rudimental drumming, put forward a list of 13 "essential" rudiments, and later a second set of thirteen to form the original 26. Finally, the Percussive Arts Society (PAS) reorganized the first 26 and added another 14 to form the current "40 international drum rudiments".

The 40 P.A.S. International Drum Rudiments

Single Stroke Roll Rudiments

1.Single Stroke balls 1 single stroke roll.gif
2.Single Stroke Four 2 single stroke four.gif
3.Single Stroke Seven 3 single stroke seven.gif

Multiple Bounce Roll Rudiments

4.Multiple Bounce Roll 4 multiple bounce roll.gif
5.Triple Stroke Roll 5 triple stroke roll.gif

Double Stroke Rudiments

6.Double Stroke Open Roll 6 double stroke open roll.gif
7.Five Stroke Roll 7 five stroke roll.gif
8.Six Stroke Roll 8 six stroke roll.gif
9.Seven Stroke Roll 9 seven stroke roll.gif
10.Nine Stroke Roll 10 nine stroke roll.gif
11.Ten Stroke Roll 11 ten stroke roll.gif
12.Eleven Stroke Roll 12 eleven stroke roll.gif
13.Thirteen Stroke Roll 13 thirteen stroke roll.gif
14.Fifteen Stroke Roll 14 fifteen stroke roll.gif
15.Seventeen Stroke Roll 15 seventeen stroke roll.gif

Diddle Rudiments

16.Single Paradiddle 16 single paradiddle.gif
17.Double Paradiddle 17 double paradiddle.gif
18.Triple Paradiddle 18 triple paradiddle.gif
19.Paradiddle-Diddle 19 paradiddle diddle.gif

Flam Rudiments

20.Flam 20 flam.gif
21.Flam Accent 21 flam accent.gif
22.Flam Tap 22 flam tap.gif
23.Flamacue 23 flamacue.gif
24.Flam Paradiddle 24 flam paradiddle.gif
25.Single Flammed Mill 25 single flammed mill.gif
26.Flam Paradiddle-Diddle 26 flam paradiddle diddle.gif
27.PataFlaFla 27 pata flafla.gif
28.Swiss Army Triplet 28 swiss army triplet.gif
29.Inverted Flam Tap 29 inverted flam tap.gif
30.Flam Drag 30 flam drag.gif

Drag Rudiments

31.Drag 31 drag.gif
32.Single Drag Tap 32 single drag tap.gif
33.Double Drag Tap 33 double drag tap.gif
34.Lesson 25 34 lesson 25.gif
35.Single Dragadiggle 35 single dragadiddle.gif
36.Drag Paradiddle #1 36 drag paradiddle 1.gif
37.Drag Paradiddle #2 37 drag paradiddle 2.gif
38.Single Ratamacue 38 single ratamacue.gif
39.Double Ratamacue 39 double ratamacue.gif
40.Triple Ratamacue 40 triple ratamacue.gif

Historical Organization

The Thirteen "Essential" Rudiments

  1. The Long Roll
  2. The Five Stroke Roll
  3. The Seven Stroke Roll
  4. The Flam
  5. The Flam Accent
  6. The Flam Paradiddle
  7. The Flamacue
  8. The Ruff
  9. The Single Drag
  10. The Double Drag
  11. The Double Paradiddle
  12. The Single Ratamacue
  13. The Triple Ratamacue

The Second Thirteen Rudiments

  1. The Single Stroke Roll
  2. The Nine Stroke Roll
  3. The Ten Stroke Roll
  4. The Eleven Stroke Roll
  5. The Thirteen Stroke Roll
  6. The Fifteen Stroke Roll
  7. The Flam Tap
  8. The Single Paradiddle
  9. The Drag Paradiddle #1
  10. The Drag Paradiddle #2
  11. The Flam Paradiddle-diddle
  12. The Lesson 25
  13. The Double Ratamacue

The Last Fourteen Rudiments

More recently, the Percussive Arts Society added 14 more rudiments to extended the list to the current "40 International Drum Rudiments". Note that the ordering was completely changed during this last re-organization, so these numbers won't match those above.

  1. The Single Stroke Four
  2. The Single Stroke Seven
  3. The Multiple Bounce Roll
  4. The Triple Stroke Roll
  5. The Six Stroke Roll
  6. The Seventeen Stroke Roll
  7. The Triple Paradiddle
  8. The Single Paradiddle-Diddle
  9. The Single Flammed Mill
  10. The Pataflafla
  11. The Swiss Army Triplet
  12. The Inverted Flam Tap
  13. The Flam Drag
  14. The Single Dragadiddle

Books

Notable Contributors

Hybrid Rudiments

Over the years, many other rudimental patterns have been informally identified and given creative names, although most of these are based upon the original 40. They are commonly known as "hybrid rudiments" or "hybrids".


External links

Template:Rudimental Percussion

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