AY Honors/Waterfalls/Answer Key

Hopetoun Falls near Otway National Park, Victoria, Australia

A waterfall is usually a geological formation resulting from water, often in the form of a stream, flowing over an erosion-resistant rock formation that forms a sudden break in elevation. Waterfalls may also be artificial, and they are sometimes created as garden and landscape ornament.

Some waterfalls form in mountain environments where erosion is rapid and stream courses may be subject to sudden and catastrophic change. In such cases, the waterfall may not be the end product of many years of water action over a region, but rather the result of relatively sudden geological processes such as thrust faults or volcanic action.

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Types of waterfalls

Cascade-style waterfall in Oregon, United States.

Block

Waterends a series of rock steps.

Cataract

A large waterfall. See Cataracts of the Nile for a well-known sequence of six.

Fan

Water spreads horizontally as it descends while remaining in contact with bedrock.

Horsetail

Descending water maintains some contact with bedrock.

Plunge

Water descends vertically, losing contact with the bedrock surface.

Punchbowl

Water descends in a constricted form, then spreads out in a wider pool.

Segmented

Distinctly separate flows of water form as it descends.

Tiered

Water drops in a series of distinct steps or falls.

Multi step

A series of waterfalls one after another of roughly the same size each with its own sunken plunge pool.

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Look under: White Meat.

'Bold text'

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Gallery

• Base of Tower Fall with rainbow-750px.JPG

  Tower Fall in Yellowstone National Park, USA

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  Godafoss in Iceland

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  Angel Falls, Venezuela

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  Wailua Falls in Hawaii, USA

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  Dettifoss in Iceland

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  Man-made waterfall at the Australian National Botanic Gardens in Canberra, Australia

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  Waterfall near Brienzersee, Switzerland

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  Earthen Dam Waterfall in Waverly, New York, USA

• Kaieteur.jpg

  Kaieteur Falls in Guyana

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  Niagara Falls, on the border between Canada and the USA

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  A small part of the Krimml Falls, Austria. Scale is given by the people on the right

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  Burney Falls, located near Burney, California, USA

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External links

• World Waterfall Database
• WorldWaterfalls.com - Stock Waterfall Photos, Waterfall Information, Waterfall Forum
• Niagara Falls - Fullscreen QTVR Panorama
• Waterfalls of Victoria (Australia)
• Waterfalls of the world, links