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− | <i>For information about the period table of elements, see [[Periodic table]].</i>
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− | ----
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− | {|style="width: 100%"
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− | |-
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− | ![[Periodic table group|Group →]]
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− | ![[Group 1 element|1]]
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− | ![[Group 2 element|2]]
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− | ![[Group 3 element|3]]
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− | ![[Group 4 element|4]]
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− | ![[Group 5 element|5]]
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− | ![[Group 6 element|6]]
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− | ![[Group 7 element|7]]
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− | ![[Group 8 element|8]]
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− | ![[Group 9 element|9]]
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− | ![[Group 10 element|10]]
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− | ![[Group 11 element|11]]
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− | ![[Group 12 element|12]]
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− | ![[Group 13 element|13]]
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− | ![[Group 14 element|14]]
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− | ![[Group 15 element|15]]
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− | ![[Group 16 is the bestelement|16]]
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− | ![[Group 17 element|17]]
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− | ![[Group 18 element|18]]
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− | |-
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− | ![[Periodic table period|Period ↓]]
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− | |colspan="19"|<br />
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− | |-
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− | ![[Period 1 element|1]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:red;border:1px solid black;"|1<br />[[Hydrogen|H]]
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− | |colspan="16"|<br />
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;"|2<br />[[Helium|He]]
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− | |-
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− | ![[Period 2 element|2]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|3<br />[[Lithium|Li]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|4<br />[[Beryllium|Be]]
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− | |colspan="10"|<br />
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|5<br />[[Boron|B]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|6<br />[[Carbon|C]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:red;border:1px solid black;"|7<br />[[Nitrogen|N]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:red;border:1px solid black;"|8<br />[[Oxygen|O]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffff99;color:red;border:1px solid black;"|9<br />[[Fluorine|F]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;"|10<br />[[Neon|Ne]]
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− | |-
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− | ![[Period 3 element|3]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|11<br />[[Sodium|Na]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|12<br />[[Magnesium|Mg]]
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− | |colspan="10"|<br />
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|13<br />[[Aluminium|Al]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|14<br />[[Silicon|Si]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|15<br />[[Phosphorus|P]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|16<br />[[Sulfur|S]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffff99;color:red;border:1px solid black;"|17<br />[[Chlorine|Cl]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;"|18<br />[[Argon|Ar]]
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− | |-
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− | ![[Period 4 element|4]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|19<br />[[Potassium|K]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|20<br />[[Calcium|Ca]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|21<br />[[Scandium|Sc]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|22<br />[[Titanium|Ti]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|23<br />[[Vanadium|V]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|24<br />[[Chromium|Cr]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|25<br />[[Manganese|Mn]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|26<br />[[Iron|Fe]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|27<br />[[Cobalt|Co]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|28<br />[[Nickel|Ni]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|29<br />[[Copper|Cu]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|30<br />[[Zinc|Zn]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|31<br />[[Gallium|Ga]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|32<br />[[Germanium|Ge]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|33<br />[[Arsenic|As]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|34<br />[[Selenium|Se]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffff99;color:green;border:1px solid black;"|35<br />[[Bromine|Br]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;"|36<br />[[Krypton|Kr]]
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− | |-
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− | ![[Period 5 element|5]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|37<br />[[Rubidium|Rb]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|38<br />[[Strontium|Sr]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|39<br />[[Yttrium|Y]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|40<br />[[Zirconium|Zr]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|41<br />[[Niobium|Nb]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|42<br />[[Molybdenum|Mo]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dashed black;"|43<br />[[Technetium|Tc]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|44<br />[[Ruthenium|Ru]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|45<br />[[Rhodium|Rh]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|46<br />[[Palladium|Pd]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|47<br />[[Silver|Ag]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|48<br />[[Cadmium|Cd]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|49<br />[[Indium|In]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|50<br />[[Tin|Sn]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|51<br />[[Antimony|Sb]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|52<br />[[Tellurium|Te]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffff99;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|53<br />[[Iodine|I]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;"|54<br />[[Xenon|Xe]]
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− | |-
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− | ![[Period 6 element|6]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|55<br />[[Caesium|Cs]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|56<br />[[Barium|Ba]]
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− | |style="vertical-align: top; text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;"|*<br />
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|72<br />[[Hafnium|Hf]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|73<br />[[Tantalum|Ta]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|74<br />[[Tungsten|W]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|75<br />[[Rhenium|Re]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|76<br />[[Osmium|Os]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|77<br />[[Iridium|Ir]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|78<br />[[Platinum|Pt]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|79<br />[[Gold|Au]]</td>
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:green;border:1px solid black;"|80<br />[[Mercury (element)|Hg]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|81<br />[[Thallium|Tl]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|82<br />[[Lead|Pb]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|83<br />[[Bismuth|Bi]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px dashed black;"|84<br />[[Polonium|Po]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffff99;color:black;border:1px dashed black;"|85<br />[[Astatine|At]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px dashed black;"|86<br />[[Radon|Rn]]
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− | |-
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− | ![[Period 7 element|7]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:1px dashed black;"|87<br /> [[Francium|Fr]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:1px dashed black;"|88<br />[[Radium|Ra]]
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− | |style="vertical-align: top; text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;"|**<br />
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|104<br />[[Rutherfordium|Rf]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|105<br />[[Dubnium|Db]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|106<br />[[Seaborgium|Sg]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|107<br />[[Bohrium|Bh]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|108<br />[[Hassium|Hs]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|109<br />[[Meitnerium|Mt]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|110<br />[[Darmstadtium|Ds]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|111<br />[[Roentgenium|Rg]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:green;border:1px dotted black;"|112<br />[[Ununbium|Uub]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|113<br />[[Ununtrium|Uut]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|114<br />[[Ununquadium|Uuq]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|115<br />[[Ununpentium|Uup]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|116<br />[[Ununhexium|Uuh]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcfecc;color:#cccccc;"|117<br />[[Ununseptium|Uus]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ecfefc;color:#cccccc;"|118<br />[[Ununoctium|Uuo]]
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− | |-
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− | |colspan="21"|<br />
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− | |-
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− | |colspan="4" style="text-align:right"|* '''[[Lanthanide]]s'''
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|57<br />[[Lanthanum|La]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|58<br />[[Cerium|Ce]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|59<br />[[Praseodymium|Pr]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|60<br />[[Neodymium|Nd]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px dashed black;"|61<br />[[Promethium|Pm]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|62<br />[[Samarium|Sm]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|63<br />[[Europium|Eu]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|64<br />[[Gadolinium|Gd]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|65<br />[[Terbium|Tb]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|66<br />[[Dysprosium|Dy]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|67<br />[[Holmium|Ho]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|68<br />[[Erbium|Er]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|69<br />[[Thulium|Tm]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|70<br />[[Ytterbium|Yb]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|71<br />[[Lutetium|Lu]]
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− | |-
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− | |colspan="4" style="text-align:right"|** '''[[Actinide]]s'''
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dashed black;"|89<br />[[Actinium|Ac]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|90<br />[[Thorium|Th]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dashed black;"|91<br />[[Protactinium|Pa]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|92<br />[[Uranium|U]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dashed black;"|93<br />[[Neptunium|Np]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px solid black;"|94<br />[[Plutonium|Pu]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|95<br />[[Americium|Am]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|96<br />[[Curium|Cm]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|97<br />[[Berkelium|Bk]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|98<br />[[Californium|Cf]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|99<br />[[Einsteinium|Es]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|100<br />[[Fermium|Fm]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|101<br />[[Mendelevium|Md]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|102<br />[[Nobelium|No]]
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− | |style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;"|103<br />[[Lawrencium|Lr]]
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− | |}
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| | | |
− | <table align="center">
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− | <caption>[[Periodic table series|Chemical Series of the Periodic Table]]</caption>
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− | <tr>
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− | <td bgcolor="#ff6666">[[Alkali metal]]s</td>
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− | <td bgcolor="#ffdead">[[Alkaline earth metal]]s</td>
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− | <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">[[Lanthanide]]s</td>
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− | <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">[[Actinide]]s</td>
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− | <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">[[Transition metal]]s</td>
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− | </tr>
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− | <tr>
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− | <td bgcolor="#cccccc">[[Poor metal]]s</td>
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− | <td bgcolor="#cccc99">[[Metalloid]]s</td>
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− | <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">[[Nonmetal]]s</td>
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− | <td bgcolor="#ffff99">[[Halogen]]s</td>
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− | <td bgcolor="#c0ffff">[[Noble gas]]es</td>
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− | </tr>
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− | </table>
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− |
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− |
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− | '''State at [[standard temperature and pressure]]'''
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− | * those numbered in <font color="red">red</font> are gases
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− | * those numbered in <font color="green">green</font> are liquids
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− | * those numbered in <font color="black">black</font> are solid
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− |
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− | '''Natural occurrence'''
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− | * <div style="border:none;padding:1px;">those without borders have not been discovered/synthesized yet</div>
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− | * <div style="border:dotted 1px black;padding:1px;">those with dotted borders do not occur naturally ([[Synthetic element|Synthetic elements]])</div>
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− | * <div style="border:dashed 1px black;padding:1px;">those with dashed borders naturally arise from decay of other chemical elements</div>
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− | * <div style="border:solid 1px black;padding:1px;">those with solid borders are older than the [[Earth]] ([[Primordial elements]])</div>
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− | **''Note:'' Although [[californium]] (Cf, 98) is not Earth-primordial, it (and its decay products) does occur naturally: its [[electromagnetic spectroscopy|electromagnetic emissions]] are regularly observed in [[supernova]] spectra.
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− |
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− | == See also ==
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− | *[[Periodic table]]
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− | *[[Periodic table (extended)]]
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− |
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− | == External links ==
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− | *[http://www.webelements.com WebElements.com]
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− | *[http://periodic.lanl.gov/ Los Alamos Table (for American school kids, but contains more of the history)]
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− |
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− |
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− | {{PeriodicTablesFooter}}
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− | [[Category:Periodic table]]
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− |
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− | [[da:Det periodiske system]]
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− | [[ko:주기율표 (표준)]]
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− | [[su:Tabel periodik (baku)]]
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− | [[vi:Bảng tuần hoàn (tiêu chuẩn)]]
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