Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Red Alert I/Answer Key/es"
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Revision as of 15:56, 4 October 2023
Nivel de destreza
1
Año
1986
Version
18.12.2024
Autoridad de aprobación
División Norteamericana
1
1a
Si es posible, y sólo si lo puede hacer de manera segura, localice el fuego. Recuerde que debe mantener la calma. Alerte a cualquier otra persona que se encuentre en el edificio, preferiblemente haciendo sonar la alarma contra incendios más cercano (cuando se encuentra en un edificio público). Si el fuego es pequeño y un extintor está cerca, se debe hacer un intento extinguir el fuego. Si el fuego es muy grande, o si no puede extinguirlo, debe evacuar el edificio lo más seguro y rápido posible. Tenga en cuenta que los incendios pueden esparcirse muy rápidamente entonces es mejor errar en el lado de la precaución contactar a los bomberos antes de que el fuego esté fuera de control.
Sienta y toque cualquier puerta antes de abrirla y si está caliente, no la abra. Trate de salir del edificio sin pasar por una zona que está en llamas, y luego deténgase, agáchese y gatee. Llame a los bomberos.
1b
- Tormenta de nieve
- En una tormenta de nieve, asegúrese de que las puertas están cerradas y todas las ventanas están arriba. Use agua un poco a la vez y apagar el motor del vehículo para evitar la intoxicación por monóxido de carbono. Cuando la nieve se detiene, salir del vehículo y limpiar la nieve del techo, el capó, el baúl y las ventanas. Esto permitirá que otros puedan ver el vehículo y permitirán la luz del sol para calentar el interior.
- Desierto
- Salga del vehículo y encuentre sombra. Si es necesario, busque refugio en la sombra de su vehículo. Trate de mantenerse hidratado bebiendo agua. Si se queda sin agua, tal vez puede recogerla del vehículo por la mañana cuando haya rocío. En vez de racionar su agua, beba todo lo que pueda cuando pueda. En lugar de arrojar su ropa, póngase más para mantener la humedad de su cuerpo. Manténgase cerca del vehículo. No trate de ir caminando a la estación de gasolina que cree que pasó «hace dos kilómetros». Fácilmente podría haber sido hace 10 kilómetros.
1c
Póngase en contacto con la policía y mantenga la calma. Manténgase fuera del tráfico. Si está disponible, ponga bengalas para alertar a otros conductores del peligro por delante.
1d
Párese en un lugar seguro, como debajo de una mesa pesada o en una puerta y lejos de objetos que puedan romperse. Mantenga la calma. Si está afuera, permanezca lejos de edificios y líneas eléctricas.
Los terremotos causan otros peligros, algunos de los cuales pueden no ser inmediatamente obvios. Las tuberías de gas rotas pueden provocar explosiones. La electricidad puede estar desactivada. Las líneas eléctricas vivas pueden caer. Los accidentes de tráfico pueden aumentar debido al pánico y a los daños a la infraestructura. Las carreteras y puentes pueden resultar dañados y resultar inseguros. Las inundaciones locales pueden ocurrir debido a fallas en las tuberías de agua o represas rotas. En las zonas costeras, es posible que deba evacuar a terrenos más altos para escapar de un terremoto causado por tsunamis.
Los servicios de emergencia pueden verse abrumados, así que solo llame al 911 si tiene un problema grave que requiera atención de emergencia inmediata. Las redes de telefonía celular pueden resultar dañadas y es probable que se sobrecarguen debido al uso excesivo después de un terremoto. Haga su parte para limitar las llamadas telefónicas y el uso de Internet del teléfono celular a comunicaciones absolutamente necesarias. Considere enviar un mensaje de texto o una publicación en Facebook para avisar a sus seres queridos que se encuentra bien en lugar de aumentar la carga de la red.
Considere tocar puertas para chequer en los vecinos. La radio local es la mejor fuente de información después de un terremoto importante porque está disponible en los automóviles y las estaciones de radio están diseñadas específicamente para compartir rápidamente información importante en emergencias importantes.
1e
Conozca la ruta más segura para viajar, manteniéndose en terrenos más elevados y alejados de las zonas bajas. Desconecte los aparatos y equipos eléctricos, o apague el disyuntor principal. Conozca la alerta pública en su área. No intente cruzar un arroyo inundado, como uno que esté sobre la carretera. El agua es muy fuerte y puede arrastrar hasta un camión pesado río abajo en un instante. Si se ve arrastrado río abajo, intente flotar boca arriba y coloque los pies delante de usted con los dedos fuera del agua para evitar quedar atrapado. No intente pararse en aguas rápidas, ya que si le derriban y su pie queda atrapado por algo debajo del agua, el agua le sujetará y no podrá levantarse. Use sus brazos para mantenerse a flote y guiarse hasta el banco.
1f
Vaya a un sótano o refugio para tormentas. Esté alerta a las condiciones climáticas. Esté familiarizado con los sistemas de alerta de la comunidad.
1g
Si se pronostica que un huracán va a llegar a su área, tome medidas para protegerse. Ponga persianas de protección para proteger su propiedad y evacúe si lo recomienda las autoridades locales. Tenga un suministro de alimentos no perecederos y agua. Sea consciente de marejada, que es causada cuando un huracán levanta temporalmente el nivel del mar, a veces por decenas de metros. Tome algún refugio en una colina durante la tormenta.
1h
Stay away from trees, tall objects, water, and objects made of metal (such as railing). If possible, get inside a building or in a car. If your hair stands on end, drop to your knees and place your hands on your knees. This will make you a smaller target for a lightning strike. Do not lay on the ground, as this will make you a larger target.
Do not use a traditional land-line telephone (cell phones are OK though). Stay away from windows. Do not take a shower or a bath during a thunderstorm.
1i
You will first need to decide if you should evacuate or take shelter. If the emergency is already underway, you will need to take shelter underground. If the emergency is pending, but likely, you should evacuate to a safe area without delay. Television and radio reports as well as the local law enforcement should be able to help you make this decision.
On an individual scale, one means of preparation for exposure to nuclear fallout is to obtain potassium iodide (KI) tablets as a safety measure to protect the human thyroid gland from the uptake of dangerous radioactive iodine. Another measure is to cover the nose, mouth and eyes with a piece of cloth and sunglasses to protect against alpha particles.
1j
- Rock Avalanche
- Quickly exit the affected area. If escape is not possible, curl into a tight ball facing downhill (with your back to the oncoming rocks) and cover your head. When the landslide ends, check for trapped or injured persons without entering the slide area (more debris could follow). Direct rescue personnel to any victims you are able to locate. Watch for flooding - landslides are usually triggered by water. Watch for broken utility lines (electric, gas, and water) and report them to the authorities.
- Snow
- It is better to not travel in avalanche country, but if travel is necessary, risk can be reduced by observing avalanche safety rules and carrying proper equipment. This includes a radio beacon on every member of your party, and shovels. Radio beacons made for this purpose transmit constantly, and can be switched to receiver mode after an avalanche. These can help to find buried victims. Finding victims quickly and digging them out greatly increases their chances of survival. Avalanche snow compacts into a very hard mass very quickly after an avalanche, so a shovel is an essential piece of gear. It is next to impossible to dig someone out of an avalanche with bare hands or even with a ski, but if that is all you have available, you should start right away.
1k
Get as much of your body out of the water as quickly as possible. Get back to the boat immediately. If possible, right the boat, climb in, and bail it out. Otherwise, stay with the boat, as this will make it easier for a rescuer to find you. Do not attempt to swim to shore, as it is often a lot farther away than it appears.
2
Give your name, phone number, the nature of emergency, the location of the emergency, and whether any personal dangers or injuries are present. To make sure the police correctly attach you (and not someone else with a similar name) to the report you should also provide your birthdate and home address once the more important information is provided.
The person making the call to report an emergency should be the last to hang up the telephone. If you ever call 911 by accident do not hang up. Stay on the line and explain your mistake. Otherwise the police will send out a response you do not need, which could endanger others as emergency vehicles rush to your non-emergency.
3
3a
Get the person to the ground and roll him over and over on the ground. Another option is to wrap the victim with a blanket, coat, or jacket if one is handy. If your own clothes catch on fire, stop, drop, and roll - do the same thing to yourself as you would to someone else.
3b
If you see a person who is bleeding heavily, you can do the following:
- Press hard onto the wound to stop the bleeding.
- If an arm or leg is cut, elevate the limb.
- Cover with a clean pad and apply a bandage.
- Check that the bleeding has stopped. If it has not, add another pad, and bandage, do not remove previous bandage.
- If you have bandaged a limb, check frequently that the fingers and toes remain warm. If fingers and toes are getting cold, loosen the bandage to let the blood circulate.
- For severe bleeding (5 cups of blood or more), get the person to a hospital for stitches (and possibly immunization against Tetanus) keeping the limb raised.
3c
Coughing is the body's natural defense against choking, and it is generally very effective. If the victim is coughing, do not interfere. If the victim stops coughing (or was never coughing in the first place), ask her "are you choking?" If the victim indicates that she is choking, tell her you are going to help her. To do this, you will need to perform the Heimlich Maneuver.
Briefly, a person performing the Heimlich Maneuver uses their hands to exert pressure on the bottom of the diaphragm. This compresses the lungs and exerts pressure on any object lodged in the trachea, hopefully expelling it. This amounts to an artificial cough. (The victim of an obstructed airway, having lost the ability to draw air into the lungs, has lost the ability to cough on their own.)
Even when performed correctly, the Heimlich Maneuver can injure the person it is performed on. The Heimlich Maneuver should never be performed on someone who can still cough, breathe, or speak. It should not be demonstrated or practiced on a healthy, non-choking person.
3d
With poison container in hand, call the local poison control center and do NOT try to make the patient vomit. Only induce vomiting if a poison center worker or a doctor advises you to do so.
If the poison is on the skin or clothes, remove the clothing and wash with a large amount of water. If poison gets in the eyes, flush the eyes with clean water for 10 minutes.
Get the victim to a hospital as soon as possible, and if possible, bring the poison container with you.
4
4a
Start by making a map of your house. Draw at least two escape routes for every room, making sure that the two routes do not cross a common area - otherwise, if the common area is affected you will not have a workable escape route.
4b
Arrange this with your family ahead of time. Choose a meeting place well away from the house so that if a real fire occurs, everyone will know to go there, and if anyone is missing, it can be assumed that they are still in the house. Go over the escape routes with everyone.
4c
Panic usually occurs because a person does not know how to react in a dangerous situation. Having a plan in place before an emergency occurs will help control panic. Practicing the plan ahead of time (such as with a fire drill) reinforces the plan in everyone's minds, so that the situation will feel more familiar if it really happens. Rather than thinking "Oh no! What do I do?!" a practiced person will think "Oh, yes. I know what to do."
If you find yourself in an emergency and feel yourself beginning to panic, try to calm down and use your head. Panic will only make things worse. If you see others beginning to panic, touch them, tell them to calm down, and tell them exactly what they should do. If they see that you are not in a panic and seem to know what to do, they will likely follow.
The best way to quickly evacuate a crowded building such as a church or a school is for everyone to calmly walk out in an orderly fashion. If everyone runs, panic is more likely to take over, and the exits will become jammed as people attempt to squeeze around one another. People have been killed by crowds stampeding out of a building in a panic.
5
Know where your children are all the time. Never leave children alone in cars. Establish a family code word. Tell the children never to go with anyone who does not know the code word. Have fingerprints taken of your children. Keep current photos and records (dental/medical). Make mental note of what your child wears every day. Make sure your children know their address and telephone number, and how to use the telephone. Teach them how to dial 9-1-1.
What to do if abducted: Yell - This person is not my father/mother. Kick the kidnapper's foot or knee. Scream "Fire!" as this is more likely to attract attention than screaming "Help!"
Referencias
Wikipedia references:
Other references: