AY Honors/Respiratory System/Answer Key

1

What are the structures that make up the respiratory system? Illustrate and describe the main functions of each.

2

Are the right and left lungs the same? What is the anatomical difference between them?

3

What are the two main gases of the body? What is gas exchange? Describe the conductive airways up to the point of gas exchange.

4

What is an alveolus and what is its function? Illustrate an alveolus by means of drawings or figures, demonstrating the moment of gas exchange.

5

What is the main function of cilia, including motile cilia?

6

What is the relationship between cellular respiration and pulmonary respiration?

7

Explain how the circulatory and respiratory systems are intimately linked.

8

What is the importance of hemoglobin and iron for the oxygenation of the body?

9

Describe in detail the movements of inspiration and exhalation. Which is the importance of the diaphragm muscle for these movements?

10

Which organ of the central nervous system controls breathing? Why?

11

What is the normal respiratory rate of:

11a

Newborns

11b

Children

11c

Adults

12

Define the following terms about respiratory alterations:

12a

Eupnea

12b

Tachypnea

12c

Bradipnea

12d

Dispnea

12e

Ortopnea

12f

Apnea

13

Study the following respiratory diseases and describe for each: how it occurs/is acquired, transmission (if that is the case), treatment and prevention:

13a

Asthma

13b

Tuberculosis

13c

Pneumonia

13d

Influenza / upper respiratory tract infections

13e

Pulmonary emphysema

13f

Pulmonary thromboembolism

13g

Pneumoconiosis

13h

Cystic fibrosis

14

Research the effects of smoking on the respiratory system. Present your results in one of the following ways:

14a

Written report, at least 500 words

14b

Verbal presentation, at least 5 minutes

14c

Display with posters and signs

14d

Poem or music

15

Conduct a survey in your region or state, comparing the quality indices of the air. How can these indices be improved? What can you do to improve them?