Especialidades JA/Arte de hacer velas/Respuestas

Arte de hacer velas
Asociación General Artes y actividades manuales	Destreza: 1 Año de introducción: 1972

Requisitos

1

Hacer al menos cinco de los siguientes:

1a

Vela de arena tipo forma libre

1b

Vela en capa de colores

A layered colored candle can be made by pouring multiple colors of hot wax (one color at a time) into a mold. You can color the wax yourself by using an uncolored wax and adding candle dye to it, or you can recycle old candles. If recycling, avoid mixing colors (if you mix several colors, the result is generally an unpleasant brownish-gray). Instead, separate out the colors, melt them individually, and use them as artistically as you can.

Start by melting at least two colors of wax in a double boiler. While it is melting, prepare the wick by cutting it to the desired length and attaching it to a sustainer base (or wick tab). The sustainer base will prevent the wick from floating in the liquid wax and anchor it to the bottom of the mold. Attaching the wick to the sustainer base is as easy as tying an overhand knot in the end of the wick and threading the other end through a hole in the base. Then pull the wick through until the knot stops the wick from pulling through the hole.

Attach the upper end of the wick to a wick bar. If you do not have a wick bar, you can use a pencil. The wick can be attached to the pencil using a clove hitch - this knot will allow you to pull on the wick the lengthen it, or pull on the other end to shorten it. Make adjustments until the wick tab touch the bottom of the mold when the pencil is laid across the top of the mold.

Once the wax is melted and the wick is in place, pour some wax into the mold. Let it cool briefly to minimize mixing and then pour in the second color. Repeat for additional colors.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Clove hitch

1c

Vela hecha de un molde

This is perhaps the easiest way to make a candle. You can buy reusable molds, or you can use paper cups and discard them when finished.

Tools

• Double boiler (see requirement 5)
• Wooden skewer or paint stirrer
• Candle mold (or paper cup)
• Pencil (or another wooden skewer)

Materials

• Wax or paraffin
• Wick
• Wick anchor

Procedure

1. Melt the wax in a double boiler.
2. Attach the wick anchor to the wick
3. Tie the other end of the wick to a pencil or skewer
4. Place the anchor-end of the wick in the mold laying the pencil/skewer on the rim.
5. Adjust the knot until the anchor just rest on the bottom of the mold. You may turn the pencil to take up extra wick and not have to get a knot tied in exactly the right place.
6. Pour melted wax into the mold
7. Allow the wax to settle. It will normally form a depression in the top of the candle after a few minutes. Pour more wax into this depression to fill it up.
8. All the wax to set for an hour or so.
9. Once the wax has set, pop it out of the mold.

1d

Vela de hielo

Ice candles combine ice and hot wax to form a cool, lacy-looking candle. This procedure will take two to three hours to complete.

Tools

• Scissors
• Knife
• Large saucepan and a large tin can (or a double boiler)
• Wooden skewer or paint stirrer
• Bowl, plastic tub, or sink

Materials

• Cylindrical cardboard container (such as a salt or oatmeal box)
• Paper towel
• Cooking oil (or spray can of cooking oil)
• White tapered candle
• 1 pound of paraffin wax
• Crayon pieces
• Crushed ice

Procedure

1. Cut off the top of the cylindrical container to make the mold.
2. Use a paper towel to coat the inside of the mold with cooking oil.
3. Use a knife to cut off the bottom of the taper candle, making it the same height as the mold.
4. Melt the wax in a double boiler - which can be improvised using a tin can placed in a pot of water. (See requirement 5.)
5. Stir the melting wax with the skewer.
6. Mix in the crayon pieces as desired to get different color effects.
7. When the wax is completely melted, pour some into the mold so that it is about a half inch deep. Immediately place the tapered candle into the center of the mold (wick end up, cut end down) and hold it there until the wax hardens enough to hold it in place. This might take a minute or so.
8. Fill the mold with crushed ice, then add wax on top of it, filling the mold almost all the way to the top.
9. As the ice melts, add more, and cover with more wax. Repeat until the mold is filled.
10. Place the mold in a bowl, plastic tub, or sink, as it will leak water. Leave it for about an hour.
11. When the wax has set, peel the cardboard off the candle.

1e

Vela sumergida

A dipped candle is made by dipping a wick into melted wax, removing it, allowing it to cool, and repeating until the candle has the desired diameter. Usually two candles are made at once by using a length of wick a bit more than twice as long as the desired length of candle. This wick is folded in half, and both ends are dipped.

Hand dipping is a little bit difficult at first because the wicks will tend to float on the surface of the liquid wax. But after a couple of dips, the weight of the wax will cause them to straighten out and stiffen so that they can be easily dipped.

When the candles are finished, they are hung over a rod and allowed to cool completely. The wick shared by the two candles is cut once they cool (or just prior to use).

1f

Vela en gotera de cera

There are several ways to do this. One way is to start with a core candle and slowly drip wax of a contrasting colour over it. Another way is to take a wine bottle and burn dripping candles in it (there are special dripping candles available, or just use regular candles. You may want to tilt the candles regularly to maximize the dripping. After the bottle is about covered with the dripped wax, put a regular candle in the top of the bottle and burn it.

1g

Vela perfumada

Any of the other candle described here can be perfumed by adding scented oils to the liquid wax. These scents are available in any craft store that carries candle-making supplies.

1h

Vela de cera de abejas

The varieties of beeswax candles that you can make is limited only by your imagination. Beeswax is available in sheets, in a variety of colors. Rolling the sheets around a wick is a popular way to make a candle.

To make a tapered candle, take a sheet of beeswax and cut it diagonally. Place a piece of wick about 2.5 cm longer than the shortest side of the triangle. Place the wick on this side of the beeswax. Start rolling the beeswax from this edge. The other side of the 900 angle should be kept straight as you roll the beeswax.

Using two sheets of wax in contrasting colours makes a striped tapered candle.

1i

Velas flotantes

Floating Candle Instructions

The key difference is that the candle is made in a removable mold. Flexible plastic cups or egg cartons should work well.

1j

Vela en un contenedor/jarra

Same instructions as c. above, except you will leave the candle in the jar to burn it.

1k

Vela decorada

Generally it is easier to add decorations to the larger round or square candles, rather than the tapers. You could paint, etch, tie on ribbon (low down, where they will not burn), insert pins or do other creative things.

2

Conocer dos clases de cera para hacer velas y sus usos.

Paraffin

today, fuel is nearly always some form of wax, with paraffin wax being the most common. Paraffin is a byproduct of petroleum distillation, and as such is cheaply available in great quantities. Wax ranges from liquid at room temperature to wax that melts at a couple of hundred degrees F. The stickiness or malleability of waxes also varies from blisters that are sticky like honey at room temperature, through to hard carving waxes which are brittle and melt at high temperatures. Different waxes will give you different effects for your candles.

Beeswax

Beeswax candles burn cleanly, with little or no wax dripping down the sides and little visible smoke. A beeswax candle flame has a "warmer," more yellow color than that of paraffin, and the color of the flame may vary depending on the season in which the wax was harvested. Beeswax is a natural product.

3

Conocer los tamaños de las mechas y cuál de ellos se quemarán adecuadamente en cada vela.

While there is no exact formulation to figure what size wick to use there are some general guidelines that will help. The size of the wick depends upon a few factors. These factors are additives in the candle, size of the candle and the type of wick. The kinds and amounts of additives will vary widely from candlemaker to candlemaker, as will the size and wick type so this is what makes an exact formula for choosing a wick size next to impossible to create. The best method for choosing the correct wick size is through testing. Try different size wicks for different candle recipes and see what size wick works best. There are, however, some general guidelines that can help the candlemaker decide what size of wick to use.

There are some tips that have been handed down by veteran candlemakers that can help the novice in the quest to find the correct wick size. The following tips are just generalizations, but are still a good place to start.

1. Wick size should general match the candle size. For example, small candles use small diameter wicks.
2. Wicks that are too small for the candle will leave a lot of unburned wax around the outside of the candle or just drown in the pool of wax that gathers at its base.
3. Wicks that are too large for the candle will cause excessive smoke, burn too fast, or even cause the wax to overflow down the sides of the candle or container.

The best guideline to use when choosing a wick size is to first decide the type of wick to use. The different materials that wicks are made of also effect how it burns. The following list includes common wick types and the types of candles they work the best in.

Wick type	Wax type	Candle type
CD wicks	Some beeswax and gels, paraffin	solid color, no fragrance
CDN wicks	Paraffin	Solid color, free standing pillar, container
3-ply cotton wick	Paraffin	Pillar, taper
Square braided wick	Any	Any
Paper core wick	Petroleum	Votive, pillar, container
Cotton core wick	Any	Tealight, votive, container, pillar

4

¿Cuándo una mecha de metal debería ser utilizada?

A metal core wick should be used on any candle with a large diameter. The purpose of the metal core is to hold the wick upright, keeping it from falling over and drowning the flame in liquid wax.

5

Conocer las técnicas de seguridad al hacer velas.

• When heating wax, it should be tended at all times.
• Have a fire extinguisher handy when heating wax in case it flares up.
• In the event of a flare-up, you may be able to extinguish the flame by covering the pot with a lid, cutting off the oxygen. If this fails, you will need a fire extinguisher.
• Wax should be melted in a double boiler rather than with direct heat. A double boiler can be improvised by placing the wax in a large tin can and then placing the can in a pot of water. The water is then boiled and the heat is transferred to the wax, causing it to melt. An added advantage to using a tin can for this purpose is that it can be discarded when finished.
• Hot wax and boiling water can burn you. Exercise appropriate caution.

References

• http://jas.familyfun.go.com/crafts?page=CraftDisplay&craftid=11893 Ice candle instructions
• http://spiritcrafts.stores.yahoo.net/seamlatmol.html These will make great molds.
• https://honours.adventistconnect.org/candle-making additional trainers notes from South Pacific Div.