Especialidades JA/Árboles - Avanzado/Respuestas

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Árboles- Avanzado

Asociación General

Estudio de la naturaleza

Destreza: 3
Año de introducción: 1949

Requisitos

1

Tener la especialidad de Árboles.

Para consejos e instrucciones, véase Árboles.

2

Recolectar, identificar, prensar y montar hojas de 35 diferentes especies de árboles.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Leaf collection/es

3

Recolectar por separado, prensar, montar y etiquetar especímenes que demuestran los siguientes términos:

3a

Aserrado

3b

Doble aserrado

3c

Entera

3d

Crenado

3e

Dentado

3f

Lobulada

The margins of the leaf have large, smooth indentations that do not go all the way to the centerline. (oaks)

3g

Inciso

3h

Verticiladas

3i

Opuestas

3j

Alternas

3k

Pinnatisecta compuesta

3l

Triple compuesta (si es posible)

4

Hacer lo siguiente:

4a. Describe the advantages in using the Latin or scientific names.

Osage Orange

Latin names (such as Quercus alba which is white oak) are useful because they are absolutely unique for each species. Thus, the Latin name can be used in international settings without ambiguity. Sometimes a given species will go by one name on one region, and by another name in another region.

4b. Of what use are the two parts of a scientific name?

The first part of the scientific name is the genus, and the second part is the species. We have already discussed Quercus alba - the white oak, so let's expand on that. There are many, many different species of oak, and they are all in the genus Quercus. All these trees produce acorns, and they are closely related to one another. Grouping them into a common genus recognizes their similarities, while separating them by species recognizes their differences.

5

Mencionar seis familias de árboles en la clase angiospermas y tres familias en la clase gimnospermas.

Angiosperms

Beech Family: Beeches, Chestnuts, Chinkapins, and Oaks
Birch Family: Alders, Birches, Hornbeams, and Hazelnuts
Cashew Family: Smoketree and Sumacs
Custard-Apple Family: Pawpaw and Pond apple
Elm Family: Elms and Hackberries
Horsechestnut Family: Buckeyes and Horsechestnuts
Laurel Family: Laurels, Redbay, and Sassafras
Legume Family: Acacias, Redbuds, and Locusts
Magnolia Family: Magnolias, and Yellow (Tulip) Poplar
Maple Family: Maples
Mulberry Family: Figs, Mulberries, and Osage Oranges
Palm Family: Coconuts, Dates, Palms, and Palmettos
Rose Family: Apples, Peaches, Pears, and Plums
Sycamore Family: Sycamores
Walnut Family: Hickories, and Walnuts
Willow Family: Aspens, Poplars, and Willows

6

Conocer y describir la función de las hojas en la vida de un árbol.

A leaf is the part of a plant specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues. Leaves can store food and water.

7

Mencionar las familias de árboles en su área que tienen hojas opuestas.

This is a partial list of trees with opposite leaves. There may be more in your area.

8

Definir los siguientes términos:

8a

Estípula

8b

Pecíolo

8c

Brizna

8d

Pino

8e

Duramen

Examination of the cross-section of a log will reveal dark wood near the center, and light-colored wood near the bark.  The dark wood near the center is heartwood.  As a tree increases in age and diameter an inner portion of the sapwood becomes inactive and finally ceases to function, as the cells die. This inert or dead portion is called heartwood.

8f

Albura

8g

Anillo de primavera

8h

Anillo de verano

8i

Anillo anual

8j

Cámbium

8k

Xilema

8l

Floema

9

¿Qué familias de árboles tiene:

9a

espinas?

9b

amento?

9c

semillas aladas?

9d

bellotas?

9e

las vainas?

9f

cápzulas?

9g

nueces?

9h

bayas?

10

Identificar 10 árboles de hoja caduca por sus características de «invierno» (características que no sean las hojas) como ramas y el capullo, forma características y hábitos de crecimiento.

By bark

The bark of many trees is easily recognizable, and in some cases, using the bark to identify the tree is easier than using the leaves.

Hornbeam: The bark of the hornbeam (also known as ironwood) looks distinctively muscular. It is smooth and looks very much like the limb of a muscular human. Indeed it sometimes goes by the name "musclewood" for this very reason.

Shagbark Hickory

Shagbark Hickory: Mature Shagbarks are easy to recognize because, as their name implies, they have shaggy bark. This character is however only found on mature trees; young specimens have smooth bark.

By buds and twigs

Virginia Tech has a website at http://www.cnr.vt.edu/DENDRO/DENDROLOGY/syllabus/twigkey/location.htm which will aid you in identifying trees by their twigs. The arrangement and structure of buds on a twig are unique to many species, and therefore useful as an identification tool. In some cases, identification by twigs is more accurate than by leaves. The following trees are among the easiest to identify by their twigs:

Alder
Maple
Apple
Hawthorn
Black Locust
Honey Locust

By Characteristic Form

Some trees have a unique shape. If you learn to recognize trees by their shape, it is possible to identify them even from a great distance.

Elm Tree
Willow
Lombardy Poplar

Elm: Elm trees are generally vase shaped
Willow: Note the dense, thin branches in the top of the tree.
Lombardy Poplar: Lombardy Poplars are slender, columnar tree with branches pointed sharply upward.

By Growth Habits

Some trees have preferred habitats. The American Sycamore, for example, tends to grow near plentiful water sources. Because of its distinctive bark, it is usually easier to find creeks by finding the sycamore than it is to find the sycamore by finding a creek.

References