Especialidades JA/Artes y trabajos indígenas - Avanzado/Respuestas

Artes y trabajos indígenas - Avanzado

Nivel de destreza

2

Año

1976

Version

25.11.2024

Autoridad de aprobación

Asociación General

1

Tener la especialidad de Artes y trabajos indígenas.

Para consejos e instrucciones, véase Artes y trabajos indígenas.

2

Conocer y tener una lista de al menos 40 alimentos que fueron presentados por los dos. Conocer y tener una lista de al menos 40 alimentos que fueron presentados por los indígenas de Norteamérica y de Sudamérica.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Arts and Crafts/Indian Lore/Foods/es

3

Participar en una comida utilizando la mayor cantidad de alimentos y métodos de cocción indígena como sean posibles.

4

Nombrar cinco drogas o plantas medicinales utilizadas por los indígenas.

We do not recommend that you attempt to treat any sicknesses using the plants listed here. Doing so could certainly endanger your health.

5

Discutir con respecto a los indígenas de su área sobre:

a. Tribus localizados allí

b. Hogares y las prendas de vestir

c. Artesanía nativa realizada como: cestería, cerámica, alfombras, etc.

d. Las prácticas religiosas

e. Forma de gobierno

The four divisions of Northeast, Southeast, Northwest, and Southwest are not really the best way to categorize Native American culture, as it excludes some major cultural societies that do not fit neatly into these four categories. In addition to these four, we also present the culture of the Plains Indians. Cultures from California, the Great Basin, the Plateau, Arctic, and Subarctic regions of North America could also be included.

File:Nordamerikanische Kulturareale en.png

Cultural regions of North American people at the time of European contact.

Northeast

Homes

<gallery perrow=2 widths=300px> File:Wigwam Indigenous peoples.JPG|A typical wigwam in the Northeast has a curved surface which can hold up against the worst weather. The male of the family was responsible for the framing of the wigwam. Young green tree saplings, of just about any type of wood, about ten to fifteen feet long were cut down. These tree saplings were then bent by stretching the wood. While these saplings were being bent, a circle was drawn on the ground. The diameter of the circle varied from ten to sixteen feet. The bent saplings were then placed over the drawn circle, using the tallest saplings in the middle and the shorter ones on the outside. The saplings formed arches all in one direction on the circle. The next set of saplings was used to wrap around the wigwam to give the shelter support. When the two sets of saplings were finally tied together, the sides and roof were placed on it. The sides of the wigwam were usually bark stripped from trees.

6

Nombrar 10 objetos utilizados por los indígenas en sus ceremonias religiosas.

• Eagle feathers
• Peyote (a spineless cactus)
• Eagle bone whistle
• Peace pipe
• Drums
• Gourd Dance Eagle Fan
• Gourd rattle
• Medicine wheel (stones structure)
• Smudge stick (charred bundle of dried herbs)
• Sweat lodge
• Tomahawk
• Wampum

7

Explicar dos métodos del montaje y exhibición de flechas.

Arrowheads are typically mounted in a shadow box. This is a shallow wooden box with a removable glass cover. The bottom of the box is covered with a photo framing mat. The arrowheads can be sewn to the mat with monofilament, tied down with leather lacing, or they can be glued down. If gluing, be sure to use a reversible glue, such as hot melt.

8

Explicar un método de restauración y reparación de flechas, ollas, mantas y cestas dañadas.

It is probably best to leave the repair of a valuable artifact to a professional. We do not intend to provide instruction here in sufficient detail to allow a Pathfinder to attempt a repair, but rather outline the procedures used.

Arrowheads

Broken arrowheads can usually be glued back together using Cyanoacrylate (such as Superglue, or Krazy Glue). Apply a drop or two of glue to one surface, join the pieces together, and hold them in position for a minute to allow the glue to set. Once it sets, leave it alone for a couple of hours. If any glue came to the surface of the crack, scrape it off with an X-Acto knife.

9

Nombrar y localizar al menos 10 diferentes tribus en la actualidad y decir por qué cada una sobre sale.

A careful reading of the material detailed in requirement 5 provides ample information for this requirement.

10

Experimentar con tintes de plantas utilizados por los indígenas y tratar de obtener al menos dos tonos de color.

The dying process

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Natural dyes

11

Realizar una de las siguientes actividades:

11a

Visitar un museo de indígenas

11b

Visitar ruinas indígenas o montículos

See the Wikipedia category Mound builders for a list of several Indian mounds throughout the United States.

11c

Hacer una visita personal a un indígena

If you know a Native American, invite him or her to speak to your Pathfinder club. If you do not personally know a Native American, find an Indian museum as described in section a of this requirement and contact them. They may be able to put you in touch with a Native American who is willing to share his or her culture with you.

11d

Visitar un pueblo indígena o reserva

There are about 300 Indian reservations in the United states. Wikipedia has a List of Indian reservations in the United States. In Canada, these are called Indian reserves, and Wikipedia has an article covering those as well.

References

• A Manual of Mending & Repairing By Charles Godfrey Leland, Published by Dodd, Mead and Co., 1896. Original from the University of Michigan, digitized by Google Oct 6, 2006
• w:Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas