AY Honors/Bridges/Answer Key/es

Puentes
Asociación General Artes y Habilidades Manuales	Destreza: 1 Año de introducción: 2012

Requisitos

2. Describir las 6 clases principales de diseño de puentes y dar 2 ejemplos de cada uno:

a. Puente en arco

Dubai in the United Arab Emirates is currently building the Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Crossing which is scheduled for completion in 2012. When completed, it will be the largest arch bridge in the world.

b. Beam bridge

Beam bridge in Germany

The northern approach ramps of the Fremont Bridge where it intersects with Interstate 5.

c. Cable-stayed bridge

Sutong Bridge over the Yangtze River

File:Antirio bridge evening.JPG

Rio-Antirio Bridge in Greece (fan shaped)

Rama VIII Bridge in Thailand (harp shaped)

d. Cantilever bridge

Forth Rail Bridge

Quebec Bridge, Quebec, Canada

A bridge built using cantilevers, structures that project horizontally into space, supported on only one end. For small footbridges, the cantilevers my be simple beams; however, large cantilever bridges designed to handle road or rail traffic use trusses built from structural steel, or box girders built from pre-stressed concrete. The steel truss cantilever bridge was a major breakthrough when first put into practice, as it can span distances of over 1,500 feet, and can be more easily constructed at difficult crossings by virtue of using little or no falsework.

e. Suspension bridge

The first permanent wire cable suspension bridge was Guillaume Henri Dufour’s Saint Antoine Bridge in Geneva in 1823, with two 40 meter spans. The first with cables assembled in mid-air in the modern method was Joseph Chaley’s Grand Point Suspendu in Fribourg, in 1834. The Otto Beit Bridge was the first modern suspension bridge outside the United States with parallel wire cables. Currently the longest suspended-deck suspension bridge in the world is the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge in Japan, with a main span of 1991 meters.

f. Truss bridge

A Bailey bridge, used by the military around the world

Sky Gate Bridge R in Osaka, Japan

4. Name the bridge design that can span the longest distance.

Suspension bridge

5.Draw or illustrate the basic design of each of the following bridge types.

More information at Bridge Structure Types

a.Beam bridge

b.Arch bridge

c.Suspension bridge

d.Covered bridge

A covered bridge could use any of several underlying designs like Beam, Arch, or Truss but the key feature is that the travel lane(s) are enclosed by a covered structure. The covering protects wood bridges from decay, or can have other reasons for the cover in pedestrian models likes weather protection and space for shops. Draw a bridge with a roof and walls.

e.Truss bridge

f.Cable-stayed bridge (fan shape)

all cables collected at the top of the tower. Compare to cable-stayed harp shape below

g.Cantilever bridge

h.Bascule bridge

i.Cable-stayed bridge (harp shape)

Cables hung down the towers. Compare to the cable-stayed fan shape above

6. Do the following activities:

b. Make a list of at least eight notable bridges OR name two bridges that you have crossed and tell what design they are.

Have fun. This is one of the ways you demonstrate what you learned in the honor. Try doing this with Requirement 7.

7. Make a video/multimedia presentation or scrapbook presentation about bridge(s) you have seen.

This requirement does not specify the amount of information required, so use your common sensem Why not work on the scrapbooking honor too?

8. Build a bridge using materials such as craft sticks, toothpicks, yarn, thread, and glue.

Beam style pioneer bridge built with Lincoln Logs by JadeDragon & team

Directions can be found in such magazines as Popular Mechanic and craft manuals specific to “model wooden bridges.” There are extensive competitions that use wood craft sticks. Some bridges hold well in excess of 120 pounds!

This site that offers plans and kits. Use it to order a kit, or just for ideas.

The truly architecturally gifted Pathfinder might try to build a cardboard bridge over an actual river.

Popsicle stick bridges

Balsa wood bridge construction

Video of a working Bascule Bridge Model - totally replicable by an observant Pathfinder, while you will need some serious engineering expertise to build this model that won a contest in Bombay.

9. Recite John 3:16, then tell how this verse describes Jesus’ role as a bridge between heaven and earth.

“For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.”
-- John 3:16

Sin had placed an un-crossable gap between God and man. When God sent His Son to give His life for sinful man, a bridge was created by Jesus whereby man could once again be restored to his connection with God and heaven. By believing in God’s Son, each person has the opportunity to be re-connected to the sin-free life that God intended for humanity.

Ellen White regularly referred to both Christ and the Cross as a Bridge between mankind and heaven. For example "By transgression man was severed from God, the communion between them was broken; but Jesus Christ died upon the cross of Calvary, bearing in His body the sins of the whole world, and the gulf between heaven and earth was bridged by that cross. Christ leads men to the gulf, and points to the bridge by which it is spanned, saying, “If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow me (Luke 9:23)”" (Manuscript 21, 1895). {7BC 941.8} For more examples go to https://egwwritings.org/ and search "Christ bridge."