Especialidades JA/Plantas silvestres comestibles/Respuestas 2
| Plantas silvestres comestibles | ||
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| División Norteamericana
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Destreza: 2 Año de introducción: 1970 |
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Requisitos
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La especialidad de Plantas Silvestres Comestibles es un componente de la Maestría Vida Primitiva. |
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Introducción
Hay por lo menos tres enfoques para la búsqueda de plantas silvestres comestibles en su área. El primero es mirar a través de una lista de plantas silvestres comestibles que deben estar disponibles en su área, y luego salir y tratar de encontrar algunas de ellas. El segundo enfoque es salir e identificar qué plantas están a su alrededor, determinar su identida, y después averiguar si son comestibles, buscándolas en una buena guía de campo (¡no por medio de saborearlas!). El tercer enfoque consiste de tomar una clase, con salidas de campo, sobre el tema. Tener amigos interesados de los mismo es útil también.
Varias plantas silvestres comestibles se presentan aquí. He incluido las plantas con las que estoy más familiarizado, lo que significa que la mayoría de ellos están disponibles en el este de los Estados Unidos, aunque estamos en el proceso de añadir más plantas del oeste de los Estados Unidos. Para hacer esta sección más universal, por favor agregue plantas de su propia área. Esto debe hacerse mediante la creación de una página aparte para la planta y su inclusión de esta manera:
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/New Plant}}
Guarde la página y entonces haga clic en el enlace de color rojo que acaba de hacer para crear la nueva página (o dejar que alguien más haga eso - sólo saber qué planta se debe incluir es una gran ayuda). Si decide agregar contenido a la nueva página, por favor, utilice la plantilla EWP para mantener la uniformidad. Véase la página de discusión de la plantilla EWP para su uso, o busque en una página existente que lo utiliza (que sería todos los de abajo).
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Amaranth/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Lepidium virginicum/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Bladder Campion/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Cattail/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Chicory/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Clover/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Dandelion/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Day Lily/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Evening Primrose/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Goldenrod/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Greenbriar/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Jerusalem Artichoke/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Milkweed/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Pickerelweed/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Plantain/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Sheep Sorrel/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Strawberry/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Wild Carrot/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Wild Garlic
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Wild Onion/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Wintergreen/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Wood Sorrel/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Cereus repandus/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Berberis/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Ferocactus cylindraceus/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Prunus virginiana/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Cylindropuntia/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Malus coronaria/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Vitis vinifera/es
Los árboles típicamente tienen un solo tronco y crecen más altos que los arbustos (que muchas veces tienen varios troncos). Algunas especies se pueden clasificar como cualquiera de los dos dependiendo de las condiciones de crecimiento.
Árboles
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Acorn/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Beech Nuts/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Cherry/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Hickory Nuts/es
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Maple Syrup
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Persimmon
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Pine Nuts
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Pine Needles
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Sassafras
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Sumac
Shrubs
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Autumn Olive
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Blackberry
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Blueberry
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Cranberry
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Gooseberry
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Rose
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Serviceberry
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Spicebush
Fruits and Berries
See above on Apple cactus, Barberry, Barrel cactus, Blackberry, Blueberry, Bunch berry, Cascara, Cherry, Chokecherry, Cholla, Coffeeberry, Crab apple, Cranberry, Currant, Date palm, Desert apricot, Elderberry, Fan palm, Fire thorn, Gooseberry, Grape, Ground cherry, Hackberry, Hawthorne, Holly leaf Cherry, Indian plum, Lemonade berry, Manzanita, Mulberry, Oregon Grape, Organ pipe, Partridgeberry, Passion fruit, Pawpaw, Persimmon, Pin Cherry, Prickly pear, Raspberry, Rose hips, Saguaro cactus, Salal, Serviceberry, Sour Cherry, Squawbush, Strawberry, Sugarbush, Thimbleberry, Toyon, and Wintergreen.
Also see this category for a list of all the plants that have been tagged in this Wiki as having edible fruit.
Beverages
See above on Chicory, Dandelion, Goldenrod, Lemon aid berry, Mint, Nettle, Pine needle, Pineapple weed, Sassafras, Sheep Sorrel, Sumac, Wintergreen, and Wood Sorrel
Also see this category for a list of all the plants that have been tagged in this Wiki as suitable for making beverages.
Salad Plants
See above on Chickweed, Dandelion, Greenbriar, Lambs' quarters, Miner's lettuce, Plantain, Purslane, Sheep Sorrel, Violet, Wood Sorrel Also see this category for a list of all the plants that have been tagged in this Wiki as suitable salad ingredients.
Greens
See above on Amaranth, Dandelion, Dock, Filaree, Fireweed, Lambsquarters, Mallow, Milkweed, Plantain, Russian thistle, Stinging Nettle, Wood Nettle.
Also see this category for a list of all the plants that have been tagged in this Wiki as suitable for making potherbs.
Tubers or Roots
See above on Brodiaea, Burdock, Camas, Carrot, Cattail, Dandelion, Evening Primrose, Garlic, Jerusalem Artichoke, Lomatium, Onion, Sassafras, Salsify, and Yampah Also see this category for a list of all the plants that have been tagged in this Wiki as having edible roots or tubers.
Any of the greens and tubers may be prepared by boiling.
Also see the this category for a list of all the plants that have been tagged in this Wiki that can be prepared by boiling
See the this category for a list of all the plants that have been tagged in this Wiki that can be prepared by frying
Cattail Pollen Pancakes
Collect cattail pollen and mix with flour for pancakes. The best results are with replacing 1/4 and 1/2 of the flour with cattail pollen. This will add nutrition and a bright yellow color to your pancakes.
Cattails are in the pollen stage for about 2 weeks to a month. The season starts the end of April in the southern areas of the USA and ends in July in Canada or in high elevations.
A good cattail pollen harvester can be made with an empty 3 liter pop bottle by making a 1.5 - 2 inch hole just below the curved part of the bottle on the cap end of the bottle. Put the cap on and insert the pollen laden cattail flower head through the hole you made. Tap the cattail stem to release the pollen into the pop bottle. More pollen will be ready to harvest in a day or two. 2 liter pop bottles work too, but the pollen tends to get stuck in the neck of the bottle when emptying it. After emptying the pollen, sift the fiber and bugs out.
Clover Pancakes
Collect about one gallon of clover flowers and let them dry for two weeks (or dry them in the oven at 250°F for 30 minutes and then let them sit overnight). Once they are dry, grind them to powder using a mortar and pestle to make a fine flour. This will produce about a cup of flour. Mix this half-and-half with wheat flour and make pancakes.
Fritters
- Dandelion flower heads can be dipped in batter and fried to make fritters.
- Elderberry flower heads can be dipped in batter and fried to make fritters. Caution: Plant stems and leaves contain cyanide.
- Milkweed flowers can also be battered and fried, but they must be dipped in boiling water for one minute first.
- Black Locust flowers also make excellent fritters.
See above for Acorns, Agave, Beechnuts, Chicory, Dandelion, Pickerel weed, Pine nuts, Soap root and Yucca.
Also see the this category for a list of all the plants that have been tagged in this Wiki that can be prepared by roasting.
See the this category for a list of all the plants that have been tagged in this Wiki that can be prepared by baking, and this category for a list of plants that have been tagged as suitable for making flour.
Pie
Delicious pies can be made from blackberries or blueberries. Wild cherries are not really large enough for this, but if you find them in quantity, you might make a go of it.
Bread
Try baking bread by mixing wheat flour with any of the various "wild" flours made from clover, acorn, cattail pollen, or cattail roots.
This is a highly regional requirement valid only where common milkweed or day lily grow wild abundantly. Rather than outright waiving the requirement if you live in a region where these plants do not grow, consider replacing the requirement with something roughly equivalent (i.e., do you know of a plant that grows in your area having four edible parts? Cattail? Dandelion?)
Milkweed
The parts of a milkweed plant that are edible are the leaves, stems, shoots, flowers, and pods. The pods must be collected while they are young, and the flowers are not in season for very long. There are many edible wild plant authors who claim that milkweed must be boiled in multiple changes of water to eliminate its bitterness. However, Samuel Thayer in his book Forager's harvest & decisively puts this notion to bed, and traces it to the writings of Euell Gibbons. Most authors simply parrot what Gibbons wrote. Thayer suggests that milkweeds reputation was gained because it was confused with dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium) which is bitter. Milkweed is not bitter, even when raw (though it is best to boil it for a few minutes). If it is bitter, it is not milkweed and should not be eaten. Do not waste time and energy boiling it in multiple changes of water.
Day Lily
See requirement #1 for information on preparing the shoots, buds, flowers, and tubers.
- Cattail
- Greenbriars
- Kudzu
- Jack-in-the-pulpit (You might get some hell fire preaching in your mouth if you try this one.) Someone who knows from experience exactly how to do it please detail out your fail safe way how you do it. There is a lot of misinformation in edible plant books on this plant.
Many plants with edible parts also have poisonous parts. The list below, though not exhaustive, features plants with poisonous parts (even though some may also feature edible parts).
- Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae) - buckthorns
- Buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) - buttercups, larkspur, baneberry, monkshood
- Carrot/parsley family (Apiaceae) - Water hemlock, Poison hemlock or fool's parsley
- Daisy family (Asteraceae/Compositae) (other than: Asters, Balsam root, Burdock, Chamomile, Chicory, Dandelion, Golden rod, Jerusalem artichoke, Oxeye daisy, Pineappleweed, Prickly lettuce, Salsify, Sow thistle, Thistle, Wild lettuce, Wild sun flower, etc.) - white snake root
- Dogbane/milkweed family (Apocynaceae) - dogbane, butterfly weed
- Legume family (Fabaceae) - Goat's rue, indigo, locust (seed pods), Lupine, Rattlebox
- Horsechestnut family (Hippocastanaceae) - horse chestnut
- Iris family (Iridaceae) - all are poisonous
- Lily family (Liliaceae)(other than: Avalanche lily, Camas, Day lily, Desert lily, Dogtooth violet, Indian cucumber, Leek, Tiger lily, Wild garlic, Wild onion, Yellow bells, etc.) - False Hellebore, Fly Poison, Star of Bethlehem, Deathcamas
- Mushrooms - many (not in the plant kingdom)
- Nightshade family (Solanaceae) - nightshade, tomato (leaves), potato (leaves)
- Poison Sumac/Oak/Ivy family (Rhus/Toxicodendron/Anacardiaceae) - poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac
- Rose family (Rosaceae) (other than: Apples, Pears, Hawthorn, Blackberry, Raspberry, Rose hips, etc. fruits) - cherry (leaves, seeds, bark)
- Soapwort family (Caryophyllaceae) - soapwort
- Grape family (Vitaceae) - Virginia creeper
- Yew family (Taxaceae) - yew
The field guide above lists poisonous look-alikes, but you should research each plant you plan to eat.
Various sorrels (wood sorrel, sheep sorrel, etc), skunk cabbage, and even rhubarb are edible when eaten in small quantities, but consuming them in quantity can lead to kidney stones.
Note that we recommend that the instructor not use pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) as a legitimate answer to this requirement. Pokeweed leaves are commonly eaten in the southern United States, even though all parts contain toxins at all stages of growth (though in varying amounts). The toxicity increases as the plants mature, but we strongly recommend that these not be eaten at any stage of growth, because pokeweed poisoning can be fatal.
It's not actually enough to know that a plant is edible - you also must know what part of the plant is edible, and at what stage of its growth it is edible. Also Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum) are toxic until they are ripe.
References
Further Reading
- Forager's Harvest, by Samuel Thayer
- Nature's Garden, by Samuel Thayer
- Dining on the Wilds, by Miriam Darnall-Kramer, and John Goude
- A Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants, A Peterson Field Guide by Lee Allen Peterson
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