Respuestas para la especialidad JA de Globos aerostáticos
Nivel de destreza
1
Año
2008
Version
29.11.2024
Autoridad de aprobación
Asociación General
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1a
1b
1c
1d
1e
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2a
2b
2c
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Gas | Air Percentage | Weight of pure gas |
---|---|---|
Nitrogen | 78% | 1.25 g/liter |
Oxygen | 21% | 1.43 g/liter |
Argon | .93% | 1.78 g/liter |
Carbon Dioxide | .03% | 1.96 g/liter |
Other (including Neon, Helium, Hydrogen, Xenon, & Radon) |
.04% |
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Hydrogen & Helium are both less dense than air and may be used when flying a balloon. Warm air is also used for flying balloons, since it is less dense than cold air.
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As described by Charles' Law, heat applied to a gas will cause its molecules to move farther apart, reducing it's density. When the air in a balloon is heated above the temperature of the surrounding air, the air in the balloon becomes less dense than the air outside the balloon. Because the balloon is less dense, it will float or rise. The greater the difference in temperature between the air in the balloon and the surrounding air, the greater the difference in density between the air inside and outside the balloon, which increases the lift that the balloon will generate. This explains why balloons are mostly launched in cooler weather.
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- a. Envelope
- The outer skin of the balloon, forming the container that holds the gas.
- b. Support structure
- The framework of larger balloons.
- c. Throat
- The lower opening through which the hot flame is applied to heat the air.
- d. Fuel source
- The fuel used to heat the air to make the balloon less dense than the surrounding air.
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- Paper
- Paper may be used for model hot air balloons because of ease of acquisition and low price.
- Plastic
- Plastic may be used for model hot air balloons because it is water resistant, easy to work with, and easy to acquire.
- Fabric
- Fabric is usually used for larger, manned balloons. The fabric is specially treated.
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9a
9b
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Early morning is best because the air has cooled over night making the difference of temperature inside & outside greater, thus increasing buoyancy.
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Horizontal movement of a gas filled flying balloon is entirely at the mercy of air currents. The pilot can only vary the altitude so as to get into the path of air currents, such as the jet stream. This involves careful study of charts of air currents, close attention to weather data, and a certain element of trial and error. Older airships, like the Hindenburg, had a rudder and propellers to move it so that it did not have to depend on air currents.
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Materials
- Tissue paper
- Scissors
- Glue Stick(s)
- Sewing pins (optional)
- Thin wire (22 gauge is suggested)
- Needle-nose pliers & wire cutters
- 1 50"x20" piece of Linoleum (for making balloon panel form)
- A spool of string
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