AY Honors/Biochemistry/Answer Key

1. Define the following terms:

a. Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates is a molecule that is present in living organisms that consist of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms.

b. Lipid

Lipids are a group of molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids. Lipis store energy, used in binding protein targets, and structural components of the cell membrane

c. Fatty acid

Fatty Acids are carboxylic acids with a long hydrocarbon chain. They can be saturated or unsaturated.

d. Protein

Proteins consist of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. They are large biomolecules. Proteins have a lot of functions in organisms such as DNA Replication, catalyzing metabolic reactions, responding to stimuli, transporting molecules from one to another.

e. Peptide

Peptides are a compound consisting of two or more amino acids at are linked in a chain. They are a short chain of amino acids.

f. Enzyme

Enzymes are biological molecules that act as catalysts. They accelerate the chemical reactions.

g. Amino acid

Amino Acids are used in cells in the body to build proteins.

h. Nucleic acid

Nucleic Acids can be DNA, RNA, mRNA, and TRNA. They help replicated cells, and build the proteins.

j. Triglyceride

Triglycerides is an esters which is a formation of Carboxylic acid and alcohol. They are the main body fat in mammals and vegetable fat.