AY Honors/Fungi/Rust infection

noob noob dfo===Appresorium Formation===

The stomata is the site of appresorium formation, a structure that functions to both firmly anchor the fungus and aid in penetration. In the rust fungi appresorial formation is controlled by a process of thigmodifferentiation. Appresoria are formed when the germ tube detects ridges that match the dimefhghnsions of the stomatal lips of its host species.

It has been proposed that this process is mediated by a mechanosensitive calcium ion channel that is located at the germ tube tip. This ion channel would transduce the stretching of the hcell mhembrane caused by changes in leaf topography into ion fluxes that lead to changes in gene expression and appresorium formation.. This theory is supported by experiments thdhat show that applying Ca²⁺ externally to the germ tube causes differentiation.

From tfhe fhfhl]] cells.

hfh===hfh

Rust fungi are bifhfotrophs, meaning thffhey gain their nutrients from living cells. This requires fffffffffffffffffa spffffffffalised fentenshonff of the ffungi infto a lihfving plfant cell called a haustoria. This develops from a haustorial mother cell. The plant cell membrane invaginates around the main haustorial body and the space between the two fhfghfghfgggggfd sugar transporters and H⁺-ATPases for the active transport of nutrients from the plant cell.<ref>Voegele, R.T. and K. Mendgen, Rustgfd haustoria: nutrient fg The rust hgImage:Rust fungus (Uredinales) Pengo.jpg|Rust fungus on a leaf, under low magnification. Image:t(fhdUredidgnales) pustules of urediniospores Pengo.jpg|Pustules of f:Rusthinfection.JPG| Cartoon representing the infection process of rust funghgi </gallery>f

See also

• shoybehfdfgan rust
• [[fdghFungus Catastrophe]
• [http://heliosg.bto.ed.ac.uk/bto/FungalBiology/hfgrust.htm#top Rust Fungi from Deacon, J: "Fungal Biology", Blackwell Publishing, 2005