Translations:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Outdoor Industries/Dairying/44/en
From Pathfinder Wiki
10. Know the meaning of the following terms:
- a. Concentrates
- By-product concentrates commonly available to smallholder farmers are cakes made from mustard, groundnut, and coconut, brans such as rice, wheat, and maize, milling by-products like broken pulses (beans) and non-conventional concentrates including palm kernel, salseed meal, cassava chips, and rubber seedmeal. This list is more asian focused, ingredients will vary based on what is available locally at a reasonable cost. Many concentrates also include added salt and trace minerals.
- b. Crude protein
- a measure of the protein available in the feed. Increasing crude protien increase milk yeild to a point. See references for a detailed explanation.
- c. Cull
- remove from the herd. Non-productive (infertile), diseased, elderly, or lower producing cows are candidates for culling. Culled cows go for slaughter to become meat. About 19% of beef in the US is from dairy cows.
- d. Dry period
- not producing milk. Dairy cows dry up about 2 months before giving birth.
- e. Lactating
- producing milk
- f. Lactation cycle or period
- the process from when cow first gives birth, is milked, through when it dries up before giving birth again restarting the cycle. Traditionally the cycle takes about a year, but very productive cows may be allowed to go 14-15 months instead.
- g. Oxytocin
- Oxytocin is a hormone which causes the smooth muscle layer of band-like cells surrounding the alveoli to squeeze the newly-produced milk into the duct system. Oxytocin is necessary for the milk ejection reflex, or let-down to occur.
