Especialidades JA/Cría de cabras/Respuestas

1

Identificar vivos o a través de imágenes al menos dos razas de cabras. Mencionar si son criados para leche, carne o lana.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Goat Breeds/Saanen/es

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Goat Breeds/Toggenburg/es

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Goat Breeds/Nubian/es

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Goat Breeds/British Alpine/es

2

¿Qué tipo de vivienda debe ser provista para las cabras?

3

¿Qué tipo de pienso (alimentación) se utiliza para las siguientes situaciones?

3a

Primer mes

3b

Segundo mes

3c

Embarazo

3d

Joven hembra

3e

Un año

4

Mencionar tres plantas venenosas para las cabras.

5

¿Cuándo los pequeños son destetados?

6

¿Cuándo las crías machos deben ser retirados de las hembras?

7

¿Cómo se deben arreglar las pezuñas de las cabras?

8

¿Por qué son buenas las cabras para limpiar la tierra de la maleza (pasto seco)?

9

Mencionar por lo menos seis artículos que son elaborados a partir de pieles de cabra.

10

¿Qué son las papadas en las cabras?

11

Criar al menos dos cabras durante seis meses.

12

Si se crían cabras lecheras, responder las siguientes preguntas:

12a

¿Cuáles son los puntos a considerar al elegir una buena cabra lechera?

12b

¿Cómo se realiza la pasteurización? ¿Cuál es su propósito?

13

Si se crían cabras lecheras, hacer lo siguiente:

13a

Ordeñar por la mañana o por la noche dos cabras, o mañana y tarde una cabra, por lo menos tres meses.

Before you do any milking, you will need to sterilize your equipment. Failure to do so will yield foul-tasting or contaminated milk, and neither of these is desirable. Sterilization can be accomplished by soaking the equipment in bleach water (¼ cup bleach for every two gallons or water, or 1 part bleach to every 128 parts water) for a minimum of two minutes. Then drain out the bleach water and allow the water and bleach to evaporate for at least 15 minutes.

Before you begin milking, you should clean the doe's udder. Again, you can use bleach water for this. Wash the area thoroughly, as this will help you prevent the spread of mastitis (an udder infection). Dry her off with a disposable paper towel. Use a seamless, stainless steel pail to catch the milk. Make sure you use a seamless pail, because the seams are nearly impossible to get clean. Some people like to use a goat-hobble to keep the doe from stepping into the pail during milking (if this happens, everything in the pail is ruined, and you will have to re-sterilize the pail before you can reuse it).

Now for the milking part. Do not pull on the goat's teats, as this can injure her. Instead, grip the teat (not the udder!) and squeeze your index finger closed, followed by the middle finger, ring finger, and pinky. This will progressively constrict the teat and force the milk out the orifice. It may take a while to get the hang of this, but be patient and persistent. Your goat will be able to read your frustration level, so patience is important. Once you get the hang of it, the milking motion will become second nature.

Express three to four squirts into the pail and then check for abnormalities (such as blood clots). Then continue milking until she milks out. When finished, cover the pail. Then pour a solution of bleach water (2 Tbsp bleach, 1 quart water) into a small paper cup and dip the doe's teats in this solution.

At this point you should weigh the milk and record your reading. Then transfer the milk to a milk tote (also seamless and stainless steel), and move on to the next goat, or get the milk into a refrigerator or into a pasteurizer.

13b

Mantener al día los registros de producción de leche.

You can create a chart such as this, filling in the amount of milk each doe produces on each day. Standard practice is to record the milk's weight rather than its volume. Record the doe's name (or some other identifier) at the top of the columns between the "Date" and "Notes" fields. Record general health information or any unusual observations in the Notes column. You can also use a spreadsheet to track this information.

Date					Notes
Sun
Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat

References

• http://www.sheepandgoat.com/articles/goathouse.htm
• http://fiascofarm.com/goats/milking.htm
• Wikipedia article on Pasteurization