Especialidades JA/Robótica/Respuestas

Robótica

Nivel de destreza

1

Año

2016

Version

22.11.2024

Autoridad de aprobación

División Norteamericana

1

Definir los siguientes términos:

1a

Robótica

1b

Automatización

2

Describir brevemente tres ejemplos sobre cómo el uso de la robótica y la automatización ha tenido un impacto en la sociedad.

3

Describir brevemente las siguientes herramientas:

3a

Sistemas de control robóticos

3b

Control de movimiento

3c

Controlador lógico programable (PLC)

4

Definir la visión artificial. Dar tres ejemplos prácticos de su uso.

5

Describir y dar un ejemplo de cada uno de los siguientes tipos de movimiento robótico:

5a

Rodar

5b

Nadar

5c

Caminar

5d

Volar

5e

Escalar

6

Describir qué se usa como fuente de energía para la mayoría de las aplicaciones robóticas.

Operation of a basic photovoltaic cell (substitute lightbulb image for robot

Though perhaps other power sources can be used, the main sources of electrical power for robots are batteries and photovoltaic cells. These can be used separately or together (for practical applications, most solar-powered robots will need a battery backup). The important part is that the power source must be continuously reliable since most robotic applications have a significant level of automation. That means that if they stop doing the automatic job that they are programmed to do, the robot ceases to function. Thus, in most situations, there are "backup" power sources in addition to the main or primary source. Classroom robots are usually run on simple alkaline batteries or li-ion batteries. (Source)

7

Describir, dibujar o mostrar imágenes de un ballbot.

A ballbot is a dynamically-stable mobile robot designed to balance on a single spherical wheel (i.e., a ball)

• 

  Ballbot "Rezero 2010"

• 

  Ballbot "BallIP 2008"

8

Hacer una lista de cuatro ventajas y cuatro desventajas de la automatización. Describir brevemente cada uno de ellas.

There are several ADVANTAGES to automation.

1. The output of the machine or device is more uniform, and the product quality is improved.

2. For tasks involved that are repetitive and boring, the machine can continue to automatically do the job without getting tired or making "bored" mistakes.

3. Automated machines are designed so that humans no longer need to lift heavy weights or do dangerous things.

4. Precision can be much enhanced with measurement accuracy tolerances at levels not possible with human hands or human intervention. (Source)

DISADVANTAGES to automation include:

1. Robots cannot think critically. Therefore if the human programmers haven't evaluated the behavior of the robot or automation in all possible emergency situations, the automated process is incapable of performing adequately.

2. Robots have replaced many workers in the workplace. Up to 40% of jobs that used to be human-operated are now run entirely by robotics and automation. Unemployment unless successful retraining or job transitions leads to societal problems (such as poverty, transitions, stress, and many more).

3. That identity theft and personal safety will be compromised if automation takes over too large a share of data and human interaction.

4. That we will become dependent on robotics and automation for basic life-tasks and economic well-being.

9

Definir y dar dos ilustraciones prácticas acerca de los siguientes tipos de automatización:

9a

Hogar

9b

Fabricación de automóviles

9c

Industrial

9d

Minería

9e

Ventas

10

Familiarizarse con cualquier reglamento de la Administración Federal de Aviación (o cuerpo equivalente) que rija el funcionamiento de los robots (incluidos los drones) en su localidad.

This varies by area. In general, drones are not allowed near airports and other "government" spaces, although what that means for your region can vary DRAMATICALLY. Please check your county or region standards. Website for the FAA Standards

11

Discutir con un grupo el contexto bíblico de los siguientes textos relacionados con el campo de la automatización y la robótica:

11a

Génesis 1:27

This text discusses the value of human beings. We are made in God's image. Thus we are the ones with moral and ethical standards. We are the ones empowered by God to "run our world." Robots and automation are NEVER given that creative privilege.

11b

Salmos 139:14

God made us in amazing ways. We are in awe of His creative power. Compared to that, robotics and automation are mere human inventions.

11c

Proverbios 1:1-7

Human beings are capable of gaining wisdom and understanding. As we work with robotics, we must use these god-given abilities! Teachers should ask "how can we be wise when we build robots?" and "what responsibilities do Christians have when making robots?" as the group reads over this passage.

11d

1 Corintios 2:16

12

Hacer una lista y discutir la relevancia de las tres leyes de Isaac Asimov que gobiernan a los robots.

13

Investigar ideas acerca de proyectos de construcción robótica. Basado en su investigación, construir y operar con éxito un robot de un juego.

References