Respuestas para la especialidad JA de Cactus - Avanzado

Cactus - Avanzado

Nivel de destreza

3

Año

1999

Version

20.05.2024

Autoridad de aprobación

Asociación General

1

Tener la especialidad de Cactus.

Para consejos e instrucciones, véase Cactus.

2

¿Qué son suculentas?

3

Identificar a partir de plantas o fotos cinco plantas suculentas que no sean cactus. ¿En qué se diferencian de los cactus?

4

Conocer las definiciones de los siguientes términos dentro del marco de referencia de los cactus y las suculentas.

4a

Areola

Areoles are the distinctive feature of cacti, and identify them as a separate family from other succulent plants.

4b

Cefalio

Cephalium is a frequently brightly colored, structure of wool and bristle at the growing tip of certain cacti. It is most commonly found on cacti of the genus Melocactus and can take a number of colors, forms and shapes.

4c

Fusionarse

Coalesce is when two objects grow together.

4d

Corimbo

A corymb is similar to a panicle with the same branching structure, but with the lower flowers having longer stems, thus giving a flattish top superficially resembling an umbel.

4e

Diurna

A plant or animal that is active in the daytime

4f

Epífita

An epiphyte is an organism that grows upon or attached to a living plant.

4g

Gloquidio

Glochids are tiny, almost invisible barbed hairs found on the areoles of some cacti and other plants.

4h

Nocturna

Primarily active during the night.

4i

Retoño

Offshoots are lateral shoots that are produced on the main stem of a plant.

4j

Panícula

A panicle is a compound raceme, a loose, much-branched indeterminate inflorescence with pedicellate flowers (and fruit) attached along the secondary branches (in other words, a branched cluster of flowers in which the branches are racemes).

4k

Escala

Scale are small insects of the order Hemiptera, most of which are parasites of plants, feeding on sap drawn directly from the plant's vascular system.

4l

Estolón

A stolon, commonly referred to as a runner, is an aerial shoot from a plant with the ability to produce adventitious roots and new clones of the same plant.

4m

Zigomorfo

Having bilateral symmetry

5

En la siembra de suculentas, incluyendo el cacto, pueden ser atacados por enfermedades. ¿Cuáles son las más comunes y cómo se puede prevenir o curar los problemas?

The most common cactus malady is mold, usually caused by overwatering. If mold is detected on a cactus, the affected part should be cut off as soon as possible, using a sharp knife. Then the wound should be sprinkled with sulphur or a fungicide. If the roots are affected, the core of the cacti is probably also affected and the plant will almost certainly die.

The only pests that bother cacti are a type of scale insect of the family Coccoidea, and nematodes. Scale insects may be killed by squirting the plant with a mixture of rubbing alcohol and nicotine. If nematodes are detected, the roots of the cactus must be cut off with a sharp knife and the plant repotted in sterile soil until it grows new roots. The old soil should be sterilized and the removed roots should be burned.

6

Propagar al menos una planta por medio de uno de los siguientes métodos: desde la semilla, por esquejes o injertos.

The link under 'References' has good material for this activity that you need to do. Enjoy!

References

• http://users.lycaeum.org/~iamklaus/grow.htm