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| − | '''Active listening''' is an intent to "[[Hearing (sense)|listen]] for meaning". | + | ' |
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| − | ==Purpose==
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| − | When [[Interaction|interacting]], people often are not listening attentively to one another. They may be distracted, thinking about other things, or thinking about what they are going to say next, (the latter case is particularly true in [[conflict]] situations or disagreements).
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| − | Active listening is a structured way of listening and responding to others. It focuses attention on the speaker. Suspending one’s own frame of reference and suspending judgment are important in order to fully [[Attention|attend]] to the speaker.
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| − | ==Tactics==
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| − | It is important to observe the other person's [[behavior]] and [[body language]]. Having heard, the listener may then [[paraphrase]] the speaker’s words. It is important to note that the listener is not necessarily agreeing with the speaker—simply stating what was said. In [[emotion]]ally charged [[communication]]s, the listener may listen for [[feelings]]. Thus, rather than merely repeating what the speaker has said, the active listener might describe the underlying emotion (“you seem to feel angry” or “you seem to feel frustrated, is that because…?”).
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| − | Individuals in conflict often [[Contradiction|contradict]] one another. This has the effect of denying the validity of the other person’s position. Either party may react [[self-defense|defensive]]ly, and they may lash out or withdraw. On the other hand, if one finds that the other partly understands, an atmosphere of [[cooperation]] can be created. This increases the possibility of [[Collaboration|collaborating]] and resolving the conflict.
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| − | ==Use==
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| − | Active listening is used in a wide variety of situations, including [[tutoring]],<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1115096 | title = Roles and responsibilities of the problem based learning tutor in the undergraduate medical curriculum | author = Gillian Maudsley | date = 1999 March 6 | volume = 318 | issue = 7184 | pages = 657–661 | journal = British Medical Journal | pmid = 10066213 }}</ref> medical workers talking to patients,<ref name="floyd">{{cite journal |author=Lang F, Floyd MR, Beine KL |title=Clues to patients' explanations and concerns about their illnesses. A call for active listening |journal=Arch Fam Med |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=222–7 |year=2000 |pmid=10728107 |doi=10.1001/archfami.9.3.222}}</ref> [[HIV]] counseling,<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/MeetingAbstracts/102211101.html | title = HIV counselling skills used by health care workers in Zambia (abstract no. PD0743) | author = Baxter P, Campbell T. | journal = Int Conf AIDS | date = 1994 Aug 7-12 | volume = 10 | issue = 390}}</ref> helping [[suicidal]] persons,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Laflamme G |title=[Helping suicidal persons by active listening] |language=French |journal=Infirm Que |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=35 |year=1996 |pmid=9147668 |doi=}}</ref> management,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Mineyama S, Tsutsumi A, Takao S, Nishiuchi K, Kawakami N |title=Supervisors' attitudes and skills for active listening with regard to working conditions and psychological stress reactions among subordinate workers |journal=J Occup Health |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=81–7 |year=2007 |pmid=17429164 |doi=}}</ref> [[counseling]] and [[Journalism|journalistic]] settings. In groups it may aid in reaching [[Consensus decision-making|consensus]]. It may also be used in casual conversation to build understanding, though this can be interpreted as condescending.
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| − | The benefits of active listening include getting people to open up, avoiding misunderstandings, resolving conflict and building [[Trust (sociology)|trust]].
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| − | In a medical context, benefits may include increased patient satisfaction,<ref name="floyd" /> improving cross-cultural communication,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Davidhizar R |title=Listening--a nursing strategy to transcend culture |journal=J Pract Nurs |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=22–4; quiz 26–7 |year=2004 |pmid=15460343 |doi=}}</ref> improved outcomes,<ref name="floyd" /> or decreased [[litigation]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Robertson K |title=Active listening: more than just paying attention |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=34 |issue=12 |pages=1053–5 |year=2005 |pmid=16333490 |doi=}}</ref>.
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| − | Active listening can be measured by the Active Listening Observation Scale.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Fassaert T, van Dulmen S, Schellevis F, Bensing J |title=Active listening in medical consultations: development of the Active Listening Observation Scale (ALOS-global) |journal=Patient Educ Couns |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=258–64 |year=2007 |pmid=17689042 |doi=10.1016/j.pec.2007.06.011}}</ref>
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| − | ==See also==
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| − | * [[Informational listening]]
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| − | ==References==
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| − | <references/>
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| − | ==External links==
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| − | * [http://www.personadev.com/2008/02/09/10-tips-to-be-a-better-listener/ How to Be a Better Listener] - An article from PersonaDev.com with the 10 best ways to increase your active listening abilities.
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| − | * [http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/treatment/activel.htm Active Listening] International Online Training Program On Intractable Conflict: Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, USA
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| − | * [http://www.cnr.berkeley.edu/ucce50/ag-labor/7article/article40.htm Empathic listening skills] How to listen so others will feel heard, or listening first aid (University of California). Download a one hour seminar on empathic listening and attending skills.
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| − | * [http://crs.uvm.edu/gopher/nerl/personal/comm/e.html Exercise 4 — Active Listening], Center for Rural Studies, University of Vermont, Montpelier
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| − | * [http://communication-skills-4confidence.com/active-listening.html What is active listening?]
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| − | * [http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/HE361 Active listening: A communication tool]
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| − | * [http://www.listen.org Homepage of the International Listening Association] The professional organization whose members are dedicated to learning more about the impact that listening has on all human activity
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| − | * [http://www.salesconcepts.com/nl0698c.htm Guidelines for Active Listening and Reflection]
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| − | * [http://www.freewebs.com/listening-skills Listening Skills] Great information and tips on becoming a better listener
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| − | * [http://www.geocities.com/workplacecommunication Workplace Listening & Nonverbal Communication]
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| − | [[Category:Hearing]]
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| − | [[Category:Interpersonal conflict]]
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| − | <!-- interwiki -->
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| − | [[de:Aktives Zuhören]]
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| − | [[hr:Aktivno slušanje]]
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| − | [[hu:Aktív hallgatás]]
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| − | [[nl:Actief luisteren]]
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| − | [[fi:Aktiivinen kuuntelu]]
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