|
|
| (2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 18: |
Line 18: |
| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | ;Typhoon Rusa: Typhoon Rusa was the 10th typhoon of the 2002 Pacific typhoon season. Rusa brought heavy rains and flooding to South Korea, amounting to 36 inches (910 mm) in some areas. 113 people were killed in the country, making it one of the deadliest typhoons to hit South Korea. Extensive crop and property damage amounted to $6 billion (2002 USD).
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
| Line 64: |
Line 62: |
| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (detonations of nuclear devices at sea), landslides and other mass movements, bolide impacts, and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | {| class="sortable wikitable" | |
| − | |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
| |
| − | ! Date !! Ocean !! Areas Affected !! Deaths !! ADRA Response
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 1998-7-17 || Indian Ocean || Papua New Guinea || 2300 ||
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 2004-12-26 ||Indian Ocean||Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka,<br> India, Eastern Africa|| ≈300,000 || Yes
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 2006-7-17 || Indian Ocean || Java || 800 || Yes
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 2007-4-2 || Pacific Ocean || Solomon Islands || 39 || Yes
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 2007-7-16 || Pacific Ocean || Niigata, Japan || 7 || Yes
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 2009-10-20 || Pacific Ocean || Samoa || 189 || Yes
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 1f --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 1f --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1g}} <!--T:23--> | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1g}} <!--T:23--> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | Wildfires are an uncontrolled fire burning in woodland areas. Common causes include lightning and drought but wildfires may also be started by human negligence or arson. They can be a threat to those in rural areas and also wildlife.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | {| class="sortable wikitable" | |
| − | |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
| |
| − | ! Year !! Size !! Name !! Area !! ADRA Response
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 2008 || {{units|120 hectares| 300 acres}} || Phnom Penh Fire || Cambodia|| Yes
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 2008 || {{units|5,500 hectares|13,700 acres}} || Trigo Fire||New Mexico ||
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 2009 || {{units|450,000 hectares|1,100,000 acres}}||Black Saturday bushfires|| Victoria, Australia ||
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 1g --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 1g --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1h}} <!--T:25--> | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1h}} <!--T:25--> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in the planet's surface or crust, which allows hot magma, ash and gases to escape from below the surface. Volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging. A mid-oceanic ridge, for example the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has examples of volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart; the Pacific Ring of Fire has examples of volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates coming together.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | {| class="sortable wikitable" | |
| − | |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
| |
| − | ! Date !! Name !! Country !! People Evacuated !! ADRA Response
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 1991-6-15 || Mt Pinatubo || Philippines || 330,000 ||
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 1994-12-21|| Popocatépetl || Mexico ||50,000 ||
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 2002-1-17 || Nyiragongo||align="center|Democratic Republic<br>of Congo|| 400,000||
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 2006-08-16 || Tungurahua || Ecuador || 25,000 || Yes
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 2008-5-2|| Chaitén Volcano|| Chile || 4,200 ||
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 1h --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 1h --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1i}} <!--T:27--> | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1i}} <!--T:27--> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | {| class="sortable wikitable" | |
| − | |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
| |
| − | ! Date !! Name !! Country !! Number Displaced !! ADRA Response
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 2003 - present || War in Darfur || Sudan || 2 million || [http://www.adra.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=6721 Yes]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 1989 - present || Kashmir conflict || India, Pakistan || 300,000 ||
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 2006-2009 || Fatah–Hamas conflict || Palestine || None were able to flee ||
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | Early 20th century - present || Israeli–Palestinian conflict || Israel, Palestine || 10 million ||
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 1991 - present || Somali Civil War || Somalia || 300,000 - 400,000 dead || [http://www.adra.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=10227 Yes]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 1987 - present || Lord's Resistance Army || Sudan || || [http://www.adra.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=10239 Yes]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 1978 - present || Civil War in Afghanistan || Afghanistan || 5 million || [http://www.adra.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=6819 Yes]
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 1i --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 1i --> |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 1 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 1 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 2. As 4 fases na gestão de emergências e desastres são: Prevenção / Mitigação, Preparo, Resposta e Recuperação. Em suas palavras, descrever para o seu instrutor o que cada um desses termos significa e porque são importantes. --> |
| − | <!-- 2. The four stages of managing a disaster or emergency include: 1) Planning and Mitigation, 2) Preparedness, 3) Response, 4) Recovery. In your own words, describe to your instructor what each of these terms mean and why they are important. --> | |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | ===Planning and Mitigation===
| |
| − | Mitigation efforts attempt to prevent hazards from developing into disasters altogether, or to reduce the effects of disasters when they occur. The mitigation phase differs from the other phases because it focuses on long-term measures for reducing or eliminating risk. The implementation of mitigation strategies can be considered a part of the recovery process if applied after a disaster occurs. Mitigation measures can be structural or non-structural. Structural measures use technological solutions, like flood levees. Non-structural measures include legislation, land-use planning (e.g. the designation of nonessential land like parks to be used as flood zones), and insurance. Mitigation is the most cost-efficient method for reducing the impact of hazards, however it is not always suitable. Mitigation does include providing regulations regarding evacuation, sanctions against those who refuse to obey the regulations (such as mandatory evacuations), and communication of potential risks to the public.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | ===Preparedness===
| |
| − | In the preparedness phase, emergency managers develop plans of action for when the disaster strikes. Common preparedness measures include:
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | * communication plans with easily understandable terminology and methods.
| |
| − | * proper maintenance and training of emergency services, including mass human resources such as community emergency response teams.
| |
| − | * development and exercise of emergency population warning methods combined with emergency shelters and evacuation plans.
| |
| − | * stockpiling, inventory, and maintain disaster supplies and equipment
| |
| − | * develop organizations of trained volunteers among civilian populations. (Professional emergency workers are rapidly overwhelmed in mass emergencies so trained, organized, responsible volunteers are extremely valuable. Organizations like Community Emergency Response Teams, the Red Cross, and Adventist Community Services are ready sources of trained volunteers.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | ===Response===
| |
| − | The response phase includes the mobilization of the necessary emergency services and first responders in the disaster area. This is likely to include a first wave of core emergency services, such as firefighters, police and ambulance crews. When conducted as a military operation, it is termed Disaster Relief Operation (DRO) and can be a follow-up to a Non-combatant evacuation operation (NEO). They may be supported by a number of secondary emergency services, such as specialist rescue teams.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | A well rehearsed emergency plan developed as part of the preparedness phase enables efficient coordination of rescue Where required, search and rescue efforts commence at an early stage. Depending on injuries sustained by the victim, outside temperature, and victim access to air and water, the vast majority of those affected by a disaster will die within 72 hours after impact.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Organizational response to any significant disaster - natural or terrorist-borne - is based on existing emergency management organizational systems and processes: the Federal Response Plan (FRP) and the Incident Command System (ICS). These systems are solidified through the principles of Unified Command (UC) and Mutual Aid (MA)
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | ===Recovery===
| |
| − | The aim of the recovery phase is to restore the affected area to its previous state. It differs from the response phase in its focus; recovery efforts are concerned with issues and decisions that must be made after immediate needs are addressed. Recovery efforts are primarily concerned with actions that involve rebuilding destroyed property, re-employment, and the repair of other essential infrastructure. An important aspect of effective recovery efforts is taking advantage of a ‘window of opportunity’ for the implementation of mitigation measures that might otherwise be unpopular. Citizens of the affected area are more likely to accept more mitigation changes when a recent disaster is in fresh memory.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 2 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 2 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 3. O preparo é chave durante uma emergência ou desastre. Se você fosse construir um kit para tais circunstâncias, descrever para o seu instrutor quais itens seriam incluídos. Discutir as vantagens de escolher itens movidos à bateria e não à eletricidade, e alimentos não perecíveis em vez de perecíveis. --> |
| − | <!-- 3. Preparedness is key during a disaster. If you were to build a home disaster kit, describe to your instructor what items you would include. Discuss the advantages of choosing battery- over electricity-powered items, and non-perishable over perishable foods. --> | |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | A household Emergency Supply Kit should have the following items in it:
| |
| − | *Portable radio with extra batteries
| |
| − | *Flashlights (and extra batteries)
| |
| − | *Drinking water ({{units|4 liters|1 gallon}} per day for each person for three days)
| |
| − | *Canned food
| |
| − | *Manual can-opener
| |
| − | *First aid kit
| |
| − | *Essential Medications
| |
| − | *Fire extinguisher
| |
| − | *Work gloves and goggles
| |
| − | *Wrenches (for turning off gas & water lines)
| |
| − | *Standard phone (not needing an external power source)
| |
| − | *Blankets, sleeping bags
| |
| − | *Warm clothing
| |
| − | *Plastic bags for waste
| |
| − | *Copies of important documents such as birth certificates and insurance policies, sealed in a water-proof container.
| |
| − | *Family emergency contact phone numbers.
| |
| − | *Pet supplies
| |
| − | **Pet food
| |
| − | **Crate/carrier
| |
| − | **Leash
| |
| − | **Photo (in case of separation)
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Check your kit every six months and replace medications and food. Check the batteries too.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Remember that during a disaster, electricity might not be available for an extended period of time. This is why you will need battery-powered equipment. Also, without electricity, refrigerated foods will spoil, so non-perishable foods should be on hand. Another reason for stocking non-perishable foods is that you can leave them in the disaster kit without worrying that they will spoil over time.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 3 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 3 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 4. Desenhar a planta do local onde você vive. Pensar no que faria em 3 dos desastres relacionadas na questão 1. Traçar uma rota de fuga de sua casa e discuti-la com seu instrutor e família. --> |
| − | <!-- 4. Draw the floor plan of where you live. Think about what you should do in three of the disasters listed on question #1. Design an escape route for your house and discuss it with your instructor and family. --> | |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | As long as every room is represented in roughly the correct location, and all windows and doors are indicated, the floor plan does not have to be 100% accurate for planning purposes. Each room should have two escape routes (through a door or if necessary, through a window).
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 4 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 4 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 5. Encontrar 3 histórias na Bíblia que envolveram desastres naturais ou emergências políticas. Coloque-se no lugar das pessoas da história e descrever como esses eventos o afetariam. Ainda, brevemente, discutir como as pessoas nas histórias sobreviveram a essas situações. --> |
| − | <!-- 5. Find three stories in the Bible that involved natural disasters or political emergencies. Put yourself in the place of the people in the stories and describe how those events would affect you. Also, briefly discuss how the people in the stories got through the difficult times. --> | |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Here are a few Bible stories relevant to this requirement in case you have difficulty thinking of some.
| |
| − | {| class="wikitable" | |
| − | |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
| |
| − | ! Story !! Where found
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Noah's Flood || Genesis 6-9
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Job's First Test|| Job 1:6-22
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Abraham's Drought|| Genesis 12:10-20
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Joseph's Drought|| Genesis 41-47
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Absalom's revolt|| 2 Samuel 15-18
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Elijah's Drought||1 Kings 17
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Nebuchadnezzer captures Jerusalem||Daniel 1
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 5 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 5 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 6. Apresentar um breve relatório para o seu Clube de Desbravadores a respeito do que você aprendeu sobre emergências e desastres e de estar preparado para agir nessas circunstâncias. Você pode fazer uma apresentação, encenação, mostrar um breve vídeo ou outro método que melhor transmita o que você aprendeu. --> |
| − | <!-- 6. Give a short report at your Pathfinder Club about what you learned about disasters and disaster preparedness. You can do this through a presentation, skit, short video, or any method that will best convey what you learned. --> | |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | If you are working on this honor as a club, have each member present his findings. If you are doing this in a large club, it's OK to break into smaller units and present the information to the smaller group. If making a video or skit, involve everyone who is working on the honor. You can also make a presentation to your church.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 6 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 6 --> |
| | | | |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | ==Referências== |
| − | == References == | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | Disaster Response Guide from the ADRA or ACS national office
| |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | | | |
| | [[Category:AY Honors/noindex{{GetLangSuffix}}|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]] | | [[Category:AY Honors/noindex{{GetLangSuffix}}|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]] |
| | <section end="Body" /> | | <section end="Body" /> |
| | {{CloseHonorPage}} | | {{CloseHonorPage}} |
