Respuestas para la especialidad JA de Perros
Nivel de destreza
1
Año
1950
Version
19.05.2024
Autoridad de aprobación
Asociación General
1
El nombre científico de la familia de perros es «Canidae» o «Canino».
2
- Los caninos tienen 42 dientes.
- Caminan sobre sus dedos.
- Tienen cuatro garras en sus patas traseras y cinco en las del frente.
- Tienen dos capas - una capa exterior de pelo grueso y una capa interna de pelo fino.
- Su temperatura ronda entre los 38 y 39 centígrados. Las pulgas y las garrapatas son atraídas por el calor, por eso acaban adhiriéndose al perro y no al ser humano. Los perros también sudan pero en vez de hacerlo por la piel (como los seres humanos) lo hacen a través de sus patas.
- Pueden ver colores pero no tan claramente como nosotros podemos (perciben tonalidades de amarillo y azul, pero el rojo lo perciben amarillo y al verde gris), sin embargo son capaces de distinguir a su dueño de otras personas a distancia de más de un kilómetro y medio.
- Tienen una excelente audición debido a sus orejas. Estas tienen un grado de movilidad que les permite determinar rápidamente el origen exacto de un sonido. Un perro pueden detectar el sonido mucho más rápido y hasta una distancia cuatro veces mayor que los humanos.
- Tienen un agudo sentido del olfato. Al nacer es el único sentido que se ha desarrollado, y les sirve para encontrar el pezón de la madre para alimentarse ya que nacen ciegos y sordos. Con su nariz también puede identificar a una pareja, a un enemigo, la ovulación de una hembra, el estado de ánimo de las personas y la salud de los seres humanos.
- No eligen la comida según el gusto, sino según la intensidad del olor.
3
Se presentan aquí varias especies de zorros, pero como instructor, debe sentirse libre de presentarlos como un «miembro». Esto también es cierto para el chacal.
Zorro gris
Urocyon cinereoargenteus
Zorro gris (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)
Descripción: El zorro gris es pequeño y tiene una parte trasera marrón pimienta, lados colorados, cuello y piernas, un vientre blanco y una franja negra a lo largo de su espalda y cola. Otra franja negra cruza su cara desde la nariz hasta el ojo y continúa hacia el lado de la cabeza. De pie es alrededor de 12-16 pulgadas en los hombros, con un peso de hasta 16 libras y tiene una longitud total del cuerpo de hasta 47 pulgadas. El zorro gris es un ágil cánido capaz de correr hacia arriba y abajo de los árboles con facilidad.
Chacal de lomo negro
Canis mesomelas
Chacal de lomo negro (Canis mesomelas)
Descripción: El chacal de lomo negro (Canis mesomelas) es un canino africano con una apariencia de zorro, piel morena y una gruesa franja de negro y plata que corre por su espalda. Pesan de 15 a 30 libras y miden de 15 a 30 centímetros en el hombro. Los machos suelen ser más grandes que las hembras.
4
Varias razas de perros se presentan aquí, pero esto no es una lista exhaustiva. No se presentan razas de perros falderos aquí como se pueden encontrar en el requisito 9.
Afghan Hound
Afghan Hound
The Afghan Hound is a very old sighthound dog breed. Distinguished by its thick, fine, silky coat and its tail with a ring curl at the end, the breed acquired its unique features in the cold mountains of Afghanistan, where it was originally used to hunt wolves, foxes, and gazelles.
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherds (or Alsatians) are highly intelligent, agile and well-suited to active working environments. They are often deployed in various roles such as police work, guarding, Search and Rescue, Therapy and in the military. They can also be found working as guide dogs for the blind. Despite their suitability for such work, German Shepherds can also make loyal and loving pets inside the home. They enjoy being around people and other animals.
Golden Retriever
Golden Retriever
The Golden Retriever is a popular breed of dog, originally developed to retrieve downed fowl during hunting. It is one of the most common family dogs as it is easy to handle, very tolerant and normally very happy and friendly. They are a low-maintenance dog and thrive on attention, regular exercise, a balanced diet, and regular veterinary check-ups. Golden Retrievers are usually compatible with all people and other dogs. And they are also very smart dogs. Love playing around and having someone there with them.
Siberian Husky
Siberian Husky
The Siberian Husky is a working dog breed that originated in eastern Siberia. The Siberian Husky is a medium-sized dog. Siberian Huskies are a resilient breed; known for their ability to thrive in the arctic cold, they can work and live in temperatures as low as negative 75 degrees Fahrenheit (-60ºC). They were originally bred by the Chukchi tribes for use as a village dog to accomplish such tasks as pulling sleds.
Beagle
Beagle
A Beagle is a medium-sized dog breed and a member of the hound group, similar in appearance to a Foxhound but smaller with shorter legs, and with longer, softer ears. Beagles are scent hounds used primarily for tracking deer, bear, and other game. They are a loyal breed and most often very well tempered. Beagles love exercise and being around people.
Border Collie
Border Collie
The Border Collie is a hard-working breed of herding dog that originated in the border country of England and Scotland. They are regarded by many as the most intelligent dog breed. Like most working dogs, Border Collies are highly energetic, and as a result have a tendency towards neurotic or destructive behavior if not given enough to do. They are still frequently used on farms all over the world for assisting with the handling of livestock. Though known to be reserved with strangers, these dogs can also be protective of a human family member and affectionate to those they know.
Rough Collie
Rough Collie
The Rough Collie is a breed of dog developed originally for herding in Scotland. It is well known because of the works of author Albert Payson Terhune, and was popularized in later generations by the Lassie novel, movies, and television shows.
Smooth Collie
Smooth Collie
The Smooth Collie is a breed of dog developed originally for herding. It is a short-coated version of the Rough Collie of Lassie fame. Some breed organizations consider the smooth-coat and rough-coat dogs to be variations of the same breed.
Boxer
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Boxer
Boxers are a breed of stocky, medium-sized, short-haired dog with a smooth fawn or brindled coat and square-jawed muzzle. Boxers have very strong jaws and a powerful bite. The character of the Boxer is of the greatest importance and demands the most careful attention. He is renowned for his great love and faithfulness to his master and household, his alertness, and fearless courage as a defender and protector. The Boxer is docile but distrustful of strangers. He is bright and friendly in play but brave and determined when roused. His intelligence and willing tractability, his modesty, and cleanliness make him a highly desirable family dog and cheerful companion.
Bulldog
Bulldog
The bulldog is a relatively small but stocky breed, with a compact body and short, sturdy limbs. Its shape results in a waddle-like gait. Bulldogs are known for their short muzzles and the saggy skin on their faces, creating the apparent "frown" that has become a trademark of the breed. Bulldogs come in a variety of colors and ideally have a smooth, short coat.
Dalmatian
Dalmatian
The Dalmatian is a breed of dog, noted for its white coat with either black or liver spots. Today the Dalmatian serves as a fire house mascot, but back in the days of horse-drawn fire carts, they provided a valuable service. Dalmatians and horses are very compatible, so the dogs were easily trained to run in front of the engines to help clear a path and quickly guide the horses and firefighters to the fires and sometimes used as rescue dogs to locate victims in burning structures.
Saluki
The Saluki is a breed of dog that is a member of the sighthound family, that is, hounds that hunt by sight rather than scent. The Saluki is one of the oldest dog breeds known, and originally came from the Middle East, where it was used (and is still used to some extent) by the Bedouins for hunting hare and gazelle.
Saint Bernard
Saint Bernard
The St. Bernard Dog is a large breed of dog originally bred for rescue and as a working dog. A full-grown male can weigh between 150 and 220 lb (68 and 100 kg). The Saint Bernard is known for its loyalty and vigilance and is tolerant of both children and animals. Because of these traits, it has become a family dog. They also make good watchdogs, as their size can be intimidating to strangers, though their temperament is gentle.
Great Dane
Great Dane
The Great Dane's large and imposing appearance belies its friendly nature; the breed is often referred to as a gentle giant. Great Danes are generally well-disposed toward other dogs, other non-canine pets, wild animals, and humans (including strangers and children). However, some Great Danes have dominance issues, are aggressive with other dogs of the same sex, or chase small animals.
Basenji
Basenji
The Basenji is a breed of hunting dog that originates in central Africa. It is considered by some, particularly in North America, to be a member of the sighthound family. The Basenji produces an unusual yodel-like sound, due to its unusually shaped larynx. Although Basenjis do not bark per se, they can mimic sounds, and thus are able to mimic barks if raised among barking dogs. In behavior and temperament they have some traits in common with cats.
Bernese Mountain dog
Bernese Mountain dog
The “Berner” is instantly recognized by its distinctive tricolor pattern: body, neck, legs, head and ears black; cheeks, stockings and eyespots rich tan, toes, chest, muzzle, tail tip and blaze between the eyes white. The pattern is rigid and varies only slightly in the amount of white. The eyes are an expressive dark brown.
Borzoi
Borzoi
The Borzoi is a breed of dog also called the Russian Wolfhound. They have medium-length, slightly curly hair and are similar in shape to Greyhounds. They are a member of the sighthound family. Borzoi can come in any color or color combination. As a general approximation, "long haired greyhound" is a useful description.
Whippet
Whippet
Whippets are generally quiet and gentle dogs, content to spend much of the day sleeping. They are not generally aggressive towards other animals, and although especially attached to their owners, they are friendly to visitors. They are not prone to snapping, so they are good with young children. Because of their friendly nature they have often been known to be used in aged care facilities.
Australian Shepherd
Australian Shepherd
The Australian Shepherd is a working dog that was developed in the United States in the 19th century. The dog, commonly known as an Aussie, is popular in its native California and is growing in popularity in countries across the world. Contrary to its name, the breed did not originate in Australia. Like all working breeds, the Aussie has considerable energy and drive and usually needs a job to do. It often excels at dog sports such as frisbee and dog agility.
Hungarian Vizsla
Hungarian Vizsla
The Hungarian Vizsla, pronounced VEEZH-la (zh as in vision), is a dog breed originating in Hungary. Vizslas are known as excellent hunting dogs, and also have a level personality making them suited for families.
Dachshund
Dachshund
The dachshund is a short-legged, elongated dog breed of the hound family. The breed was developed to scent, chase, and hunt badgers and other hole-dwelling animals. Due to the long, narrow build, they are sometimes referred to in the United States and elsewhere as a wiener dog, hot dog, or sausage dog, though such terms are sometimes considered disparaging.
Greyhound
Greyhound
The Greyhound is a breed of dog used for companionship, coursing game and racing. It is commonly thought to be the third fastest land mammal, next to the pronghorn antelope and the cheetah; a combination of long, powerful legs, deep chest and aerodynamic build allows it to reach speeds of up to 72 km/h (45 mph), in less than one and a half seconds, or within 5-6 strides. However, the Pronghorn Antelope is quite a bit faster than the Greyhound.
Harrier
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Harrier
The Harrier is a small dog breed of the hound class, used for hunting rabbits ("hares"). It resembles a foxhound but is smaller. A humorous, yet fairly accurate short-hand description of a Harrier is that of "a Beagle on steroids." It is a muscular hunting hound with a short, hard coat. It has large bones for stamina and strength.
Labrador Retriever
Labrador Retriever
The Labrador Retriever ("Labrador" or "Lab" for short), is one of several kinds of retriever, and is the most popular breed of dog (by registered ownership) in both the United States and the United Kingdom. The breed is exceptionally friendly, intelligent, energetic and good natured, making them excellent companions and working dogs. Labrador Retrievers respond well to praise and positive attention. They are also well known as enjoying water, since historically, they were selectively bred for retrieving in water environments as 'gun dogs' and as companions in waterfowl hunting.
5
- Companion animals.
- Seeing-eye dogs help the blind gain independence.
- Hearing assistance dogs help the deaf - alerting to doorbells, smoke alarms, ringing phones etc
- Dogs can be trained to assist diabetics by monitoring for changes in the person's breath, alerting them to upcoming low blood sugar events.
- Trained dogs can pull wheelchairs, fetch items, and provide something reliable to grab to steady persons with mobility related disabilities
- Watchdogs protect property (and their owners).
- Hunting dogs help retrieve and flush out game.
- Sled dogs are used as transportation.
- Dogs herd cattle, sheep and other livestock.
- They can be used to follow a scent trail, whether to catch a criminal or find a missing person.
- They can detect explosives, weapons, drugs, large amounts of currency and agricultural products at borders, airports, mail processing centers and similar places
- They are used to search through earthquake rubble for victims
- Trained dogs are now used to provide emotional support and comfort to distressed persons, people suffering with anxiety, and those in hospitals and care facilities.
6
The smallest breed of dog is the Chihuahua. Many breeds can claim to be the "largest" depending on how "largest" is defined. The tallest is the Irish Wolfhound, but it is outweighed by the Mastiff, the Great Dane, and the Saint Bernard. The heaviest of these is the Saint Bernard.
7
7a
Seeing-eye dogs, or guide dogs are assistance dogs trained to lead blind or visually impaired people around obstacles. The human half of the guide dog team does the directing, based upon skills acquired through previous mobility training. The handler might be likened to an aircraft's navigator, who must know how to get from one place to another, and the dog is the pilot, who gets them there safely.
Despite regulations or rules that deny access to animals in restaurants and other public places, in many countries, guide dogs and other types of assistance dogs are protected by law, and therefore may accompany their handlers most places that are open to the public.
7b
The ancestors of the St. Bernard are the herding dogs of Swiss farmers as well as hunting dogs and watchdogs. Their history has also been connected with the hospice at the Great St. Bernard Pass.
The most famous Saint Bernard to save people at the pass was Barry, who reportedly saved somewhere between 40 and 100 lives. There is a monument to Barry in the Cimetière des Chiens, and his body was preserved in the Natural History Museum in Berne, Switzerland.
The classic St. Bernard looked very different from the St. Bernard of today, but an avalanche killed off many of the dogs used for breeding. Breeders crossed the remaining dogs with other dogs, but in the process they lost much of their use as rescue dogs.
7c
A shepherd dog is a type of domestic dog whose original purpose was to herd or guard sheep, though they have been used for other types of livestock as well. A herding dog will keep a herd or flock of animals together and help a farmer direct them from one place to another (such as from a sheep fold to a pasture). They will also guard livestock from predators.
7d
Collies are a type of shepherd dog. Some say the Border Collie is the most intelligent breed of dog.
7e
The Eskimo Dog, otherwise known as the Qimmiq (Inuit for "dog"), or what is considered to be the more culturally sensitive Canadian Inuit Dog, is a larger breed of Arctic dog commonly found pulling sleds for their Inuit counterparts. However, as snowmobiles tend to be faster and more efficient, the Eskimo Dog is now a rare breed.
8
Dogs have been used by the military since ancient times. They have been used:
- To sniff out landmines
- To carry messages
- As sentries
- As scouts to detect booby-traps
- As attack dogs in battle
- To go ahead into dangerous areas before the humans
Special Forces teams still regularly use dogs. Look up the story of Cairo, a Belgian Malinois, who was a member of SEAL Team 6 on the mission to kill Osama Bin Laden in 2011. Dogs have been so effective in Afghanistan that the Taliban offered money for killing trained dogs. Modern warfare dogs may wear body armer, earpieces (to quietly get instructions from their handler), lights and cameras (so the handler can see what the dogs sees when they go ahead into a dangerous area), and heat vision goggles that help them see people through walls. US Special Forces dogs are all trained to parachute onto land or water.
9
Pomeranian
The head of the Pomeranian is wedge-shaped, making it somewhat foxy in appearance. The ears are small and set high. Its tail is characteristic of the breed and should be turned over the back and carried flat, set high. The Pomeranian is a very active dog who is intelligent, courageous, and a loyal companion. But due to its small size can suffer abuse from children. Beneath the Pomeranian's fur is a small but muscular dog, similar to a Chihuahua.
Chihuahua
Chihuahuas are best known for their large eyes; small size; and large, erect ears. Chihuahuas are prized for their devotion, ferocity and personality. Their curious nature and small size make them easily adaptable to a variety of environments, including the city and small apartments. Chihuahuas are often stereotyped as high-strung, though it has been shown that correct training and socialization can result in an outstanding companion animal.
Toy Poodle
Poodles are intelligent, alert, and active. Arguably one of the most intelligent breeds, their aptitude has made them ideal for performing in circuses across the globe for centuries. Because they are so intelligent, they can become bored easily, and can get quite creative about finding mischief.
Maltese
The Maltese is covered from head to foot with a mantle of long, silky, white hair. Adult Maltese range from roughly 3 to 10 lb (1.4 to 4.5 kg)
Yorkshire terrier
This long-haired terrier is known for its playful demeanor and distinctive blue and tan coat. Yorkies can be very small, usually weighing between 5 and 7 pounds (2.5 to 3.5 kilograms). In fact, the smallest dog in the world was a Yorkshire Terrier. It was no bigger than a match box.
10
There are actually 2 dogs that have a blue or black tongue. The Chow chow and the Chinese Shar-Pei
11
The matter of which dog breed is the fastest is a matter of dispute. Some say the Saluki, and others say the Greyhound.
12
The Yorkshire Terrier & is currently the most popular breed of toy dog, and the third most popular dog breed overall (nearly overtaking the Golden Retriever for second place in 2005).
13
The Bloodhound has been used extensively to track the scent not only of criminals, but also of lost children and even adults suffering from dementia.
14
As the instructor it will be up to you to moderate the story-telling event, or to encourage the Pathfinders to write their essays. The more extroverted Pathfinders in your group may prefer to tell the stories, while the introverted ones may prefer to write theirs. Allow each Pathfinder to choose which method they will use.
Your Pathfinders might enjoy retelling this story about a dog that rescues koalas.
Or this story about the Serum Run Sled Dogs:
References
- http://www.pathfindersonline.org/pdf/resources/honor_dogs_answers.pdf
- Wikipedia articles were borrowed for virtually every dog breed and canine species listed here. Also, the article on War dogs was consulted, but the material was summarized rather than copied verbatim.
