Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Māori Lore/Answer Key"

Revision as of 01:13, 19 June 2006

A pa or pā (pronounced pah) is a Māori village or community which is fortified and built for defence. They were considered the tribal social center and socio-political center of all iwi. In Māori society, a great pa represented the mana of a chief or rangatira. Nearly all pa were built in safe and fertile locations. While built for defence, they were primarily residential.

Māori pa played a significant role in the New Zealand Land Wars.

They were constructed by people who were fighting with muskets and hand weapons (such as spear, taiaha and mere) against the British army and armed constabulary who were armed with swords, rifles, and heavy weapons such as howitzers and rocket artillery. They were often put in place in very limited timescale, often less than two days, and resisted attack for many hours and, sometimes, weeks.

A limiting factor of the Maori fortifications was the need for the people manning them to go home frequently to cultivate areas for food and to gather food from the wilderness. Consequently they would be abandoned for 4 to 6 months of each year.

External link

Archaeological Remains of Pa

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-A '''marae''' (in New Zealand [[Māori]], [[Cook Islands Maori]], [[Tahitian]]) or "malae" (in [[Tongan]], [[Samoan]] and [[Hawaiian]]) is a sacred place which served both religious and social purposes in ancient polynesian societies. In all these languages, the word mean also cleared, free of weeds, trees... It generaly consists of an area of cleared land roughly rectangular, bordered with stones or wooden posts (called ''au'' in Tahitian and Cook Islands Maori) and containing a plateform or terraces used for several ceremonies.
+A '''pa''' or '''pā''' (pronounced pah) is a [[Maori|Māori]] [[village]] or community which is fortified and built for defence. They were considered the tribal social center and socio-political center of all [[iwi]]. In Māori society, a great pa represented the [[mana]] of a chief or [[rangatira]]. Nearly all pa were built in safe and fertile locations. While built for defence, they were primarily residential.
-In tropical Polynesia most marae were destroyed or abandoned with the arrival of the Gospel in nineteenth century and some of them have become an attraction for tourists or archeologists. Nevertheless, the place where the marae were built are still considered as tapu in most islands and nobody would dare build anything on it. In Cook Islands few marae (Ara i te tonga, Vaerota, Taputapuatea) are still maintained or quickly cleaned  before the investiture of a new ariki.
-== Marae in New Zealand ==
+Māori pa played a significant role in the [[New Zealand Land Wars]].
-The word is now common in [[New Zealand English]], '''marae''' refers an area of land where the ''Wharenui'' or meeting house (literally "big house") sits. Like nearly all Maori words, it is unchanged in the plural.
-[[Image:Marae.jpg|thumb|280px|Papakai marae at Mount Tongariro, showing the Wharenui (centre)]]
+They were constructed by people who were fighting with muskets and hand weapons (such as [[spear]], [[taiaha]] and [[mere]]) against the [[British army]] and armed [[constabulary]] who were armed with swords, rifles, and heavy weapons such as [[howitzers]] and [[rocket]] artillery. They were often put in place in very limited timescale, often less than two days, and resisted attack for many hours and, sometimes, weeks.
-The area in front of the wharenui is called the marae atea.  It is used for powhiri - ceremonial welcomes and oratory. Some marae do not allow women to perform oratory there.
+A limiting factor of the Maori fortifications was the need for the people manning them to go home frequently to cultivate areas for food and to gather food from the wilderness. Consequently they would be abandoned for 4 to 6 months of each year.
-The meeting house holds longer meetings,sleepovers, and craft and other cultural activities. The Wharekai - dining hall is used primarilly for communal meals.
+==See also==
+[[Maori_Wars#Strategy_and_tactics|Māori Wars: Strategy and Tactics]]
-Most tribes (''[[iwi]]'') and subtribes and even many small settlements have their own marae. An example of such a small settlement with its own marae is at Hongoeka Bay, [[Plimmerton]], the home of renowned writer [[Patricia Grace]]. Since the second half of the [[20th century]], Maori in urban areas have been establishing intertribal marae such as Maraeroa in eastern [[Porirua]]. For many Maori, their marae is just as important to them as their own homes.
-Some marae have been benefiting from a substantial spruce-up, courtesy of Hula Haka Productions based in Rotorua, Maori Television and a well-known hardware firm, for the weekly series "[http://www.maoritelevision.com/programmes/lifestyle/marae_diy.htm Mitre 10 Marae DIY]".
+==External link==
+*[http://www.historic.org.nz/heritage/archsites_pa.htm Archaeological Remains of Pa]
-==See also==
+[[Category:Fortification]]
-*[[List of Marae in the Gisborne Region]]
+[[Category:Human habitats]]
-{{kiwi-stub}}
-[[Category:Māori words]]
-[[mi:Marae]]
+{{Kiwi-stub}}
-[[nl:Marae]]