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| − | [[Image:Poi-manutuke.jpg|thumb|280px|Poi dance, by Manutuke School at Hopuhopu, New Zealand, 2003]]'''Poi''' is a form of [[juggling]] 'Impartial Art' <ref>The evocative term 'Impartial Art' cleverly associates juggling arts with [[Martial Arts]] and in [[:wikt:poignant|poignant]] point-counterpoint contrasts the inherently non-violent aspect of jugging [[discipline]]s.</ref> (Finnigan, 1992) with balls on ropes, held in the hands and swung in various circular patterns, similar to [[Indian clubs|club-twirling]]. It was originally practiced by the [[Māori]] people of [[New Zealand]] (the word ''poi'' means "ball" in [[Māori language|Māori]]). Women and men used it to increase flexibility, strength, and coordination. It developed into a traditional performance art practiced mostly by women. This art, in conjunction with others including ''waiata a ringa'', [[haka]] and ''titi torea'', make up the performance of [[kapa haka]] (Māori culture groups).
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| − | == Modern poi ==
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| − | [[Image:Poi circles.jpg|280px|thumb|Glowstick poi]]Today, poi extends far beyond the original Māori culture. In juggling circles, a whole subculture has sprung up in some places, surrounding poi spinning as a hobby, exercise, or performance art. Poi is considered a form of juggling, and poi dancers can often be found performing alongside jugglers, staff spinners and other similar performers.
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| − | == Poi construction ==
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| − | [[Image:Feuerpois02.JPG|thumb|280px|Fire poi in action (long exposure)]]Many poi spinners, amateur and professional alike, prefer to create their own poi. A simple pair of practice poi require little more than a pair of socks and a couple of tennis balls. More impressive poi can be made from a multitude of different materials. Kite cords are lightweight and readily available. Chain is a more durable alternative to regular cord. Ball chains can rotate freely so as to prevent tangling, and metal cables can make for extremely fast poi. Long socks can also be used with a weight in one end and a knot in the other. More advanced spinners may add a weight to the handle, in order to improve their ability to perform advanced techniques (such as throws and contact poi).
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| − | Kevlar wicks and a variety of poi heads can be bought either from juggling shops or online, and a number of different kinds of hand grip are available too. This way a performer can customise their poi to suit their own personal preference.
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| − | == Some related performance arts ==
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| − | Following are a number of arts from different cultures that bear an affinity to poi. Altogether these disciplines (along with more familiar circus skills such as juggling, diablo and devil sticks) are often referred to as ''Object Manipulation''.
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| − | ; Staff : [[Staff (stick)|Staffers]] are one of the largest factions in the juggling community. In a similar way to poi spinners, staff spinners use one or two staffs to make a variety of patterns. Staffs, being large blunt objects, are known for being slightly more dangerous than poi when beginning, but many find they prefer staff tricks once experienced. Many similar techniques can be employed to those found in martial arts like [[bojutsu]].
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| − | ; Glowstringing : [[Glowstringing]] is a similar art to poi, largely developed and advocated by the [[rave]] community, before spreading throughout [[electronic music]] culture. It involves spinning glowsticks to make patterns in the air at raves or in the club scene. While often mistaken for poi, it is in fact a separate discipline, and the two styles have had some influence on each other. Some people would argue that there is no difference at all between the disciplines as they both use the same tricks and equipment to some extent, only real difference is the ''scene''.
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| − | ; Club swinging : Using regular [[Juggling Clubs|juggling clubs]], the head of the club can be held in the palm, and the club swung in poi-like patterns. Many poi moves can be attained this way, and as clubs can be stopped at any point of their swing, or swung as slowly as you like, some poi spinners find them useful in learning more difficult poi moves in 'slow motion'. Club swinging is, however, a completely separate discipline with its own techniques and performers.
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| − | ; Sword spinning : Taking influence from the [[sword]] displays of the [[Shaolin (martial arts)|Shaolin monks]], some performers learn to do tricks with swords. Swords require a lot more suppleness of the wrists, but can be far faster and more dramatic than poi performances. Practicing with [[bokken]] (Japanese wooden practice swords) or simple wooden staves is advisable, but when a performer is skilled enough, fire swords can be bought and constructed.
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| − | ; Nunchaku : [[Nunchaku]], as popularized in the media by actor [[Bruce Lee]], employ many similar techniques to poi. While originally a weapon, some companies now produce LED-lit nunchaku which can be used to create unique patterns in performances, though nunchaku remains (and is often regulated as) a weapon.
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| − | ; Meteor : A [[Meteor hammer|meteor]] (known to martial artists as a [[meteor hammer]] or meteor fist) is long rope, weighted on both ends, often with a [[monkey's fist|monkeyfist knot]]. It can be used similarly to poi as well as a staff, by keeping very precise timing so that the two balls exert equal [[centripetal force]] on each other and move in sync. Originally a Chinese weapon, meteor are extremely difficult to control. [[Fire meteor]]s and other variations of this tool also exist.
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| − | == Safety ==
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| − | Depending on their construction, poi can strike the user (or bystanders) with enough force to cause bruising or minor injury. Fire poi can cause burns because the metal parts become very hot and have a very high [[heat transfer coefficient]]. The actual wick has a lower coefficient and is less likely to cause burns, but it can spray or spread fuel and the performer's clothing can catch fire. Costumes for fire spinning should be made of non-flammable materials, such as [[cotton]] and [[leather]]. Synthetic fibers tend to melt when they burn and can cause very severe burns.
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| − | Fire poi require a safety regime to deal with the risks of setting on fire either the user, bystanders, or the surroundings. All fire performances should have a sober, rested, and alert spotter who has access to a [[fire extinguisher]] (for putting out material and fuel fires), a damp towel (for extinguishing burning clothes and for extinguishing fire toys at the end of a performance), and a bucket of water (in case a clothing fire gets out of control). The fuel dump should be a metal container located far from the performance area that can quickly be sealed so as to be airtight. This will provide a means to extinguish a fire in the fuel dump. A paint can is an ideal example.
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| − | == See also ==
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| − | *[[Fire dancing]]
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| − | *[[Juggling]]
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| − | *[[Circus skills]]
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| − | *[[Glowsticking]]
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| − | *[[Diabolo]]
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| − | ==Notes==
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| − | <references/>
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| − | ==References==
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| − | *Finnigan, Dave (1992). ''The Zen of Juggling.'' Human Kinetics Europe Ltd. ISBN-10: 0961552158 & ISBN-13: 978-0961552152
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| − | == External links ==
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| − | *[http://www.maori.org.nz/waiata/?d=page&pid=sp103&parent=86/ Maori.org.nz] Traditional Māori poi performance
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| − | *[http://www.homeofpoi.com/ Home of Poi] One of the largest and most influential poi communities in the world.
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| − | *[http://www.spherculism.net/ Spherculism]~ Advancing the moving arts
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| − | *[http://artofpoi.tribe.net/ Tribe.net's Art of Poi] Forum, photo gallery, and event calendar.
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| − | *[http://www.fire-dancing.com/fire-poi.php Fire Poi] World-wide fire poi trainers & performers.
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| − | *[http://www.playpoi.com/ PlayPoi] Poi website featuring videos and photos, both artistic and instructional
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| − | *[http://www.domorepoi.com/ Do More Poi] Poi Lessons, Forums, Funkiness.
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| − | *[http://www.poipoi.info/tuition/ Poi Poi Tuition Resource] Downloadable Poi lessons, and an active poi community
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| − | *[http://www.drama.org.nz/ejournal.asp?ID=2 Research in New Zealand Performing Arts] - a free online research journal that discusses Maori music and related performing arts.
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| − | [[Category:Poi spinning]]
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| − | [[Category:Fire arts]]
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| − | [[Category:Circus skills]]
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| − | [[Category:New Zealand culture]]
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| − | [[Category:Māori]]
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| − | [[Category:Dance props]]
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| − | [[Category:Twirling]]
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| − | [[bg:Пой]]
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| − | [[cs:Poi]]
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| − | [[da:Poi]]
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| − | [[de:Poi]]
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| − | [[fr:Poi]]
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| − | [[he:פוי]]
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| − | [[nl:Poi (jongleren)]]
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| − | [[ja:ポイ (ジャグリング)]]
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| − | [[nn:Poi]]
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| − | [[pl:Poi]]
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| − | [[ru:Пои]]
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| − | [[sk:Poi (žonglovanie)]]
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| − | [[sv:Poi]]
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