Especialidades JA/Océanos/Respuestas
1
1a
1b
1c
71%
2
2a
2b
2c
i
ii
3
4
4a
4b
5
5a
5b
5c
5d
6
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7
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7d
- i. Usar un utensilio de escritura azul para representar las corrientes frías y densas.
- ii. Usar un utensilio de escritura rojo para representar las corrientes cálidas menos densas.
- iii. Etiquetar los océanos por los que pasa la cinta transportadora oceánica.
The current begins near the North Pole getting warmer as it travels south around South America eventually coming to Antarctica where it picks up cold water again. It then splits, one part traveling to the Indian Ocean and the other to the Pacific Ocean. As these currents reach the equator, they get warmer and eventually make their way back around South America and up in the North Atlantic Ocean where the cycle starts again. The water moves quite slowly at about 10 cm per second. It can take up to 1000 years for water in the North Atlantic to end up in the North Pacific!
7e
Materials Needed:
- Pyrex® baking dish, 2-qt. or 1.5-qt. in size.
- Alternatively, other similarly sized, heat-resistant glass baking ware that can safely withstand the hot temperatures of being placed just above a flame for several minutes could be used instead.
- Thyme, dried (2 tsp.)
- Alternatively, any other dried leaf spice could be used.
- Teaspoon
- Vegetable oil (about 4 cups)
- Measuring cup
- Spoon
- Ceramic coffee mugs (2). These should be equal in height.
- Small candles or cans of Sterno® (4). These should be much shorter than the coffee mugs so that the flame does not get too close to the bottom of the glass baking dish.
- Lighter or matches
- Thermometer
- Notebook/Pencil or Pen
Experiment:
- On a surface that is safe to spill some vegetable oil, fill the baking dish about half to three-quarters full of vegetable oil. (Depending on the exact size of baking dish you are using, this may be about 4 cups of vegetable oil or less.)
- Mix the 2 teaspoons of thyme in with the vegetable oil in the baking dish. Stir thoroughly to distribute the flakes of thyme. The flakes of thyme will flow with the liquid, showing the direction and velocity of any fluid flow.
- Place the baking dish on top of the two ceramic mugs.
- Observe the oil and spice mixture. With no heat (energy) being added to the system, there should be little or no movement of the liquid, once it has settled.
- Place a candle underneath the baking dish, directly in the middle. Make sure the mugs still stably support the baking dish.
- Light the candle and let the liquid heat up for at least one minute. Your setup should look like the picture below. You can also use a can of Sterno instead of a candle. Sterno cans produce more heat than candles do.
- As the oil heats and begins to flow, observe the pattern of fluid flow (circulation) by noting the location of individual flakes of thyme over time. Write down all of your observations in your lab notebook. This type of energy movement is called thermal convection, because added heat causes the fluid flow (circulation by convection) by lowering the density of the liquid.
- Be sure to view the model several times during the experiment, both from above the dish and from the side of the dish.
- Draw a sketch of the circulation in your lab notebook.
- Measure the temperature of the oil in different parts of the model.
- What is the biggest temperature difference you can find?
- Record the temperature in your notebook.
7f
Tidal currents are caused by tides. They are a horizontal movement that accompanies a rise and fall in the water level caused by a tide. The two different types of tidal currents are: flood current and ebb current.
Flood current: Occurs when the tide is rising, and the current is going towards the shore.
Ebb current: Occurs when the tide is falling, and the current is going to back towards the ocean.
7g
In the Atlantic Ocean there is a strong current called the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream carries warm water from the Gulf of Mexico to western Europe. This makes western Europe much warmer than other places at the same latitude.
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Weather: The evaporation of ocean water causes an increase in humidity and temperature in the surrounding land. This evaporation leads to the making of clouds in the atmosphere which can bring rain and storms. These clouds can be blown long distances by winds (nearly all rain originates from the ocean).
Temperature: Most of the heat from the sun is stored in the ocean. The heat is then distributed around the earth helping to regulate the earth’s temperature.
Breathing: More than half of the oxygen we breathe comes from photo-synthesizers in the ocean such as algae, kelp, and phytoplankton.
9
9a
- Climate change/global warming
- Plastic pollution
- Overfishing
- Acidification
- Habitat destruction
9b
- Conserve water – less wastewater and runoff go into the ocean.
- Reduce pollutants – choose nontoxic chemicals and dispose of them properly
- Reduce waste – cut down on what you throw away by reusing and recycling
- Cut down on the amount of plastic you use and purchase – use reusable bags, water bottles etc.
- Use energy efficient light bulbs – using less electricity means less pollution
- Turn down your thermostat – the less fossil fuels and electricity used means less carbon in the air (extra carbon in the air traps too much heat causing greenhouse gas emissions)
- Fish responsibly – “catch and release,” only fish in areas where it is allowed, only catch what you need
- Practice safe boating – follow “no wake” zones, anchor your boat away from coral reefs and sea grasses
- Pick up trash around beaches and your community
- Reduce vehicle emissions – ride your bike, walk, carpool, use fuel efficient vehicles.
9c
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Animal:
Plant:
Fungi:
The shell of this sea snail, Littoraria irrorata, is covered with the lichen Pyrenocollema halodytes
Bacteria:
Archaea:
Algae:
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