AY Honors/Respiratory System/Answer Key

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1

What are the structures that make up the respiratory system? Illustrate and describe the main functions of each.



2

Are the right and left lungs the same? What is the anatomical difference between them?



3

What are the two main gases of the body? What is gas exchange? Describe the conductive airways up to the point of gas exchange.



4

What is an alveolus and what is its function? Illustrate an alveolus by means of drawings or figures, demonstrating the moment of gas exchange.



5

What is the main function of cilia, including motile cilia?



6

What is the relationship between cellular respiration and pulmonary respiration?



7

Explain how the circulatory and respiratory systems are intimately linked.



8

What is the importance of hemoglobin and iron for the oxygenation of the body?



9

Describe in detail the movements of inspiration and exhalation. Which is the importance of the diaphragm muscle for these movements?



10

Which organ of the central nervous system controls breathing? Why?



11

What is the normal respiratory rate of:



11a

Newborns



11b

Children



11c

Adults




12

Define the following terms about respiratory alterations:



12a

Eupnea



12b

Tachypnea



12c

Bradipnea



12d

Dispnea



12e

Ortopnea



12f

Apnea




13

Study the following respiratory diseases and describe for each: how it occurs/is acquired, transmission (if that is the case), treatment and prevention:



13a

Asthma



13b

Tuberculosis



13c

Pneumonia



13d

Influenza / upper respiratory tract infections



13e

Pulmonary emphysema



13f

Pulmonary thromboembolism



13g

Pneumoconiosis



13h

Cystic fibrosis




14

Research the effects of smoking on the respiratory system. Present your results in one of the following ways:



14a

Written report, at least 500 words



14b

Verbal presentation, at least 5 minutes



14c

Display with posters and signs



14d

Poem or music




15

Conduct a survey in your region or state, comparing the quality indices of the air. How can these indices be improved? What can you do to improve them?




References