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| − | {{dablink|This article is about the terminology used to describe fracture surfaces. For fractures in rocks and minerals ''per se'', see [[Fracture (geology)]]}} | + | {{honor_header|1|1956|Nature|General Conference}} |
| | + | {{AY Master|Conservation}} |
| | + | ==1. Make a collection of 30 various colored sands. Correctly label with the name and locality where each was secured. == |
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| − | In the field of [[mineralogy]], '''fracture''' is a term used to describe the shape and texture of the surface formed when a [[mineral]] is broken. Minerals often have a highly distinctive fracture, making it a principal feature used in their identification.
| + | Get started, explorer! |
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| − | Fracture differs from [[Cleavage (geology)|cleavage]] in that that the latter involves clean splitting along the [[Cleavage (crystal)|cleavage planes]] of the mineral's crystal structure, as opposed to more general breakage. All minerals exhibit fracture, but when very strong cleavage is present, it can be difficult to see.
| + | ==2. What does the term "sand" mean? Name two kinds of sand.== |
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| | + | ==3. Give the origin of sand and mineral content.== |
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| | + | ==4. What is the difference between sand and soil?== |
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| | + | ==5. What is meant by shape, surface, grain fracture, and grain size?== |
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| | + | ==6. Define the following and give the use of each:== |
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| | + | ===a. Glacial=== |
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| | + | ===b. Calcareous=== |
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| | + | ===c. Quicksand=== |
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| | + | ===d. Glass sand=== |
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| | + | ===e. Molding sand=== |
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| | + | ===f. Polishing sand=== |
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| | + | ===g. Building sand=== |
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| | + | ===h. Filter sand=== |
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| | + | ===i. Furnace sand=== |
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| | + | ===j. Lake shore sand=== |
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| | + | ==7. Examine five types of sand specimens under magnification and observe their various characteristics.== |
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| | + | ==8. Memorize and discuss Genesis 22:17, Proverbs 27:3, and Ps. 139:17-18.== |
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| − | ==Terminology==
| + | [[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]] |
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| − | ====Conchoidal fracture====
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| − | [[Image:ObsidianOregon.jpg|thumb|left|180px|[[Obsidian]]]] | |
| − | '''[[Conchoidal fracture]]''' is a curved breakage that resembles the concentric ripples of a [[mussel]] shell. It often occurs in amorphous or fine-grained minerals such as [[flint]], [[opal]] or [[obsidian]], but may also occur in crystalline minerals such as [[quartz]]. '''Subconchoidal fracture''' is similar to conchoidal fracture, but not as curved.
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| − | ====Earthy fracture====
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| − | [[Image:Limonite_bog_iron_cm02.jpg|thumb|left|180px|[[Limonite]]]]
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| − | '''Earthy fracture''' is reminiscent of freshly broken [[soil]]. It is frequently seen in relatively soft, loosely bound minerals, such as [[limonite]], [[kaolinite]] and [[aluminite]].
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| − | ====Hackly fracture====
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| − | [[Image:Cuivre_natif1_%28USA%29.jpg|thumb|left|180px|[[Native copper]]]]
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| − | '''Hackly fracture''' (also known as '''jagged fracture''') is jagged, sharp and uneven. It occurs when metals are torn, and so is often encountered in [[native metal|native metals]] such as [[Native copper|copper]] and [[silver]].
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| − | ====Splintery fracture====
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| − | [[Image:Chrysotile_1.jpg|thumb|left|180px|[[Chrysotile]]]]
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| − | '''Splintery fracture''' comprises sharp elongated points. It is particularly seen in fibrous minerals such as [[chrysotile]], but may also occur in non-fibrous minerals such as [[kyanite]].
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| − | ====Uneven fracture====
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| − | [[Image:MagnetitaEZ.jpg|thumb|left|180px|[[Magnetite]]]]
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| − | '''Uneven fracture''' is self descriptive. It occurs in a wide range of minerals including [[arsenopyrite]], [[pyrite]] and [[magnetite]].
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| − | ==See also==
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| − | *[[Fracture]]
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| − | *[[Fracture (geology)]]
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| − | *[[Conchoidal fracture]]
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| − | ==References==
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| − | * Rudolf Duda and Lubos Rejl: ''Minerals of the World'' (Arch Cape Press, 1990)
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| − | * http://www.galleries.com/minerals/property/fracture.htm
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| − | {{Template: Mineral identification}} | |
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| − | [[it:Frattura (mineralogia)]]
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| − | [[ru:Излом]]
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