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| − | {{Infobox Scientist | + | {{honor_header|Unknown|2008|Arts and Crafts|North American Division}} |
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| − | |name = Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier | |
| − | |image = Pilatre de Rozier.jpg | |
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| − | |birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1754|3|30}}
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| − | |birth_place = [[Metz]], [[France]]
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| − | |death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1785|6|15|1754|3|30}}
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| − | |death_place = [[Wimille]], [[France]]
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| − | |residence =
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| − | |citizenship =
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| − | |nationality = French
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| − | |ethnicity =
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| − | |fields = [[Chemistry]], [[Physics]]
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| − | '''Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier''' {{bdd|March|30|1754|June|15|1785}} was a [[France|French]] [[chemistry]] and [[physics]] teacher, and one of the first pioneers of [[aviation]]. His balloon crashed near [[Wimereux]] in the [[Pas-de-Calais]] during an attempt to fly across the [[English Channel]], and he and his companion, Pierre Romain, became the first known victims of an [[air crash]].
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| − | ==Early life==
| + | {{AY patch unavailable|2008|August, 2008}} |
| − | He was born in [[Metz]], the fourth son of Magdeleine Wilmard and Mathurin Pilastre, known as "du Rosier", a former soldier who became an innkeeper. His interests in the chemistry of drugs had been awakened in the military hospital of [[Metz]], an important garrison town on the border of France. He made his way to [[Paris]] at the age of 18, then taught physics and chemistry at the Academy in [[Reims]], which brought him to the attention of [[Louis XVIII of France|Monsieur, the comte d'Artois]], brother of King [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]].
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| − | He returned to Paris, where he was put in charge of Monsieur's ''[[cabinet of curiousities|cabinet]]'' of [[natural history]] and made a ''[[valet de chambre]]'' to Monsieur's wife, Madame, which brought him his ennobled name, Pilâtre de Rozier. He opened his own museum in the [[Le Marais|Marais]] quarter of Paris on 11 December 1781, where he undertook experiments in physics, and provided demonstrations to nobles. He researched the new field of [[gas]]es, and invented a [[respirator]].
| + | ==1. State the role each of the following played in the development of flying baloons.== |
| | + | :;a. Joseph Michel Montgolfier and Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier. |
| | + | <gallery> |
| | + | Image:Josephmontgolfier.jpg|Joseph Michel Montgolfier |
| | + | Image:Jacques Étienne Montgolfier.jpg|Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier |
| | + | </gallery> |
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| − | ==Flight pioneer==
| + | :;b. Jean Francois Pilatre de Rozier and Francois Laurent Marquis d'Arlandes. |
| − | [[Image:Ballon de Rozier.jpg|thumb|left|The first tethered balloon ascent on 15 October 1783 by Rozier.]]
| + | :;c. Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles and Nicolas Louis Robert. |
| − | In June 1783, he witnessed the first [[balloon]] flight of the [[Montgolfier brothers]]. On 19 September, he assisted with the untethered flight of a sheep, a cockerel and a duck from the front courtyard of the [[Palace of Versailles]]. After a variety of tests in October, he made the first manned free flight in history on 21 November 1783, accompanied by the ambitious [[Marquis d'Arlandes]]. During the 25-minute flight using a Montgolfier [[hot air balloon]], they traveled 12 [[kilometre]]s from the [[Château de la Muette]] to the [[Butte-aux-Cailles]], then in the [[suburbs|outskirts]] of Paris, attaining an [[altitude]] of 3,000 feet.
| + | :;d. Ben L. Abruzzo, Maxie L. Anderson, and Larry Newman |
| | + | :;e. Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones |
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| − | [[Image:Early flight 02562u (4).jpg|thumb|The first untethered balloon flight, by Rozier and the [[Marquis d'Arlandes]] on 21 November 1783.]]
| + | ==2. Site the principle of Archimedes, and briefly describe how it applies to each of the following: == |
| − | Along with [[Joseph Montgolfier]], he was one of six passengers on a second flight on 19 January 1784, with a huge Montgolfier balloon ''Le Flesselles'' launched from [[Lyon]]. Four French nobles paid for the trip, including a prince. Several difficulties had to be overcome. The wallpaper became wet because of extreme weather conditions. The top of the balloon was made of sheep- or [[buckskin]]. The air was heated by wood in an iron stove: to start, the straw was set on fire with [[brandy]]. (In other tests charcoal or potatoes were used). The balloon had a volume of approximately 23,000 [[m³]], over 10 times that of the first flight, but it only flew a short distance. The spectators kneeled down when the balloon came down too quickly. That evening the aeronauts were celebrated after listening to [[Gluck]]'s opera, [[Iphigénie en Tauride]].
| + | ::Archimedes' Principle states: ''any body fully or partially submerged in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.'' |
| | + | :;a. A piece of cork floating in a bowl of water. |
| | + | :;b. A ship floating in the ocean |
| | + | :;c. A hot air balloon floating in the atmosphere |
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| − | Rozier took part in a further flight on 23 June 1784, in a modified version of the Montgolfiers' first balloon christened ''La Marie-Antoinette'' after the Queen, which took off in front of the King of France and King [[Gustav III of Sweden]]. Together with [[Joseph Proust]], the balloon flew north at an altitude of approximately 3,000 metres, above the clouds. They travelled 52 km in 45 minutes before cold and turbulence forced them to descend past [[Luzarches]], between [[Coye]] et [[Orry-la-Ville]], near the [[Chantilly forest]]. They set records for speed, altitude and distance travelled.
| + | ==3. Using a textbook of Chemistry, or a reference book of scientific tables, draw up a simple table showing the composition of air by weight and by volume.== |
| − | [[Image:Aviation fatality - Pilatre de Rozier and Romain.jpg|thumb|left|Fatal accident at [[Wimereux]], 15 June 1785.]]
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| − | ==Final flight== | + | ==4. Draw up a simple able showing a comparison of the atomic slumber, atomic weight, and density of hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, and oxygen.== |
| − | De Rozier's next plan was an attempt to cross the [[English Channel]] from France to England. A Montgolfier balloon would not be up to the task, requiring large stocks of fuel for the hot air, so his balloon the [[Rozière balloon]] was a combination [[hydrogen]] and [[hot air balloon]]. It was prepared in the autumn of 1784, but the attempt was not launched until after another Frenchman, [[Jean-Pierre Blanchard]], and American companion, Dr [[John Jeffries]], flew across the [[English Channel]] in a hydrogen gas balloon on 7 January 1785, from England to France.
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| − | [[Image:Early flight 02562u (8).jpg|thumb|Deaths of Rozier and Romain.]]
| + | ==5. Name two gases that are used in flying gas filled balloons.== |
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| − | Despite several attempts, De Rozier and his companion, Pierre Romain, were not able to set off from [[Boulogne-sur-Mer]] until 15 June 1785. After making some progress, a change of wind direction pushed them back to land some 5 km from their starting point. The balloon suddenly deflated (without the envelope catching fire) and crashed near [[Wimereux]] in the [[Pas-de-Calais]], from an estimated height of 1,500 feet. Both occupants were killed. Eight days later his fiancée died, possibly having committed suicide. A commemorative obelisk was later erected at the site of the crash. The King had a medal struck, and gave his family a pension.
| + | ==6. Explain how heat/temperature affect the density of air, and how this applies to flying hot air balloons.== |
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| − | The modern hybrid gas and hot air balloon is named the [[Rozière balloon]] after his pioneering design.
| + | ==7. Explain the role of each of the following in the structure and flying of a hot air balloon.== |
| | + | :; a. Envelope |
| | + | :; b. Support structure |
| | + | :; c. Throat |
| | + | :; d. Fuel source |
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| − | ==See also== | + | ==8. Name two materials that may be used for the envelope of a hot air balloon, and compare the advantages each cords because of its properties.== |
| − | *[[Timeline of hydrogen technologies]]
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| − | ==References== | + | ==9. Describe how flying balloons have served a useful function in== |
| − | * [[Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond]] (1783, 1784) Description des expériences de la machine aérostatique de MM. Montgolfier, &c.
| + | :; a. Military campaigns |
| − | * [[Simon Schama]] (1987) Citizens, p. 123-31.
| + | :; b. Scientific research |
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| − | ==External links== | + | ==10. At what time of the day do most sport balloon flights take place? Why?== |
| − | * http://bellestar.org/BalloonHistory.aspx
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| − | * http://clg-pilatre-de-rozier.scola.ac-paris.fr/PDRBio.htm
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| − | v.v.v wuz here
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| − | {{DEFAULTSORT:Pilatre de Rozier, Jean-Francois}}
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| − | [[Category:1757 births]]
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| − | [[Category:1785 deaths]]
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| − | [[Category:French balloonists]]
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| − | [[Category:People from Metz]]
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| − | [[Category:Aviators killed in aircraft crashes in France]]
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| − | [[af:Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier]]
| + | ==11. Describe how a pilot controls the vertical movement of== |
| − | [[ca:Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier]]
| + | :; a. A hot air balloon |
| − | [[cs:Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier]]
| + | :; b. A gas filled balloon |
| − | [[da:Pilâtre de Rozier]]
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| − | [[de:Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier]]
| + | ==12. Describe how a pilot controls the lateral or horizontal movement of a flying balloon.== |
| − | [[es:Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier]]
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| − | [[fr:Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier]]
| + | ==13. Build to completion one model hot air balloon ( or two if working in pairs ).== |
| − | [[hr:Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier]]
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| − | [[id:Pilâtre de Rozier]]
| + | ==14. Successfully launch, fly, and recover the model hot air balloon(s) which you have built.== |
| − | [[it:Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier]]
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| − | [[nl:Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier]]
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| − | [[pl:Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier]]
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| − | [[pt:Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier]]
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| − | [[ru:Розье, Пилатр де]]
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| − | [[sv:François Pilâtre de Rozier]]
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| − | [[tr:Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier]]
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