Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Home Nursing/Answer Key"

Revision as of 02:04, 7 January 2007

1. Have the First Aid Honor.

2. What foods are included in the following diets:

a. Liquid

Creamed or clear soup
Any drink following the criteria below.
Pudding
Jello

For a food to be classified as liquid, it would have to be able to be strained when heated. For example, tapioca pudding would not qualify, but a milkshake without pieces of fruit or other foods would qualify.

b. Soft

c. Light

This diet is culturally diverse, and includes the following:

Food that is easy to digest.
Not spicy

d. Full

A full diet is also sometimes referred to as a general diet. It includes all food items, including drinks.

3. Know the symptoms of a fever. Know how to take person's temperature. Know how to bring a high temperature down.

4. Know what is a normal pulse rate, respiration rate, and temperature. Practice taking the pulse rate, respiration rate, and temperature of a friend or classmate.

5. What is a communicable disease? How is it transmitted? What precautions should be followed to guard against communicable diseases? List safety measures to be observed when caring for a person with a communicable disease in the home.

6. What symptoms tell you that a person is physically ill?

7. Know how to help take care of a newborn and an aged person in your home.

8. Know when and how to wash your hands when caring for a sick person.

9. Know how to make a bedridden patient comfortable in bed.

Use a draw sheet or a piece of cloth under the patient if available, so they can be turned and pulled up in bed with more ease, preventing friction on their skin.

Make sure the person is aligned properly, especially when on their back.

Turn the patient every 2 hours during the day and at least 1 to 2 times during the night if possible.

Prop the patient up prior to eating and a half hour afterwards if possible. Otherwise turn the patient on their left side to eat if able.

Using a pillow between the knees while the patient is on his side can help prevent skin break down or creating a twist in the spine.

Have the patient by a window if possible or not contraindicated.

Have the things a patient can use within reach if applicable.

Provide an atmosphere conducive to the patient's and families needs if possible. Example, some people do better being in the middle of the daily activities or they may need a quiet place.

Provide adequate nutrition and fluids if applicable.

Keep the patient clean.

Be respective of the patient's dignity.

10. Show how to feed a helpless patient in bed.

11. Show how to give liquid medicine and tablets, pills, or capsules to children and adults. Know how to properly apply eye drops.

Administering Medicines

Applyng Eye Drops

Instruct your patient of the procedure as appropriate.

The head of your patient should be tipped back. Gently pull down on the skin below the eye and apply the drop in the pocket formed below the eyeball without touching the dropper on the patient. Then gently apply pressure at the tear duct area with your finger when the patient closes their eye. Instruct the patient not the squeeze their eye shut tight.

12. Demonstrate the method of giving fomentations and foot baths. Explain the value of their use and tell the conditions under which such treatments should be given.

13. Demonstrate the application of a heating compress and the use of heat and cold for the treatment of inflammation and bruises.

14. Explain how the following natural remedies help in preventing disease: Note how the first letter of each item spells NEW START.

a. Nutrition
b. Exercise
c. Water
d. Sunshine
e. Temperance
f. Air
g. Rest
h. Trust in God

References

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Hand washing''' is the act of [[cleaning|cleansing]] the [[hand]]s with [[water]] or other [[liquid]], with or without the use of [[soap]] or other [[detergent]]s, for the purpose of removing [[soil]] or [[microorganism]]s.
+{{honor header|2|1938|Health & Science<br>General Conference<br>2001 Edition}}
-==Purpose==
+==1. Have the First Aid Honor.==
-The main purpose of washing hands is to cleanse the hands of [[pathogen]]s (including [[bacterium|bacteria]] or [[virus]]es) and chemicals which can cause disease. This is especially important for people who handle food or work in the medical field. With the emergence of infectious agents ("germs") that are [[antibiotic resistance|resistant to antibiotics]], hand washing is taking on new urgency, as the use of antibiotics and even hand washing with antibiotic soap have favored the [[natural selection]] of more resistant bacteria..
+{{ay prerequisite|Health and Science|First Aid, Standard}}
+==2. What foods are included in the following diets:==
+===a. Liquid ===
+*Creamed or clear soup
+*Any drink following the criteria below.
+*Pudding
+*Jello
-==Personal hand washing==
+For a food to be classified as liquid, it would have to be able to be strained when heated.  For example, tapioca pudding would not qualify, but a milkshake without pieces of fruit or other foods would qualify.
-{{Cleanup-verify}}
-To maintain good [[hygiene]], hands should always be washed after using the toilet, changing a diaper or tending to someone who is sick; before eating; before handling or cooking food and after handling raw meat, fish or poultry. Conventionally, the use of soap and running water and the washing of all surfaces thoroughly, including under fingernails is seen as necessary. One should rub wet, soapy hands together outside the stream of running water for at least 20 seconds, before rinsing thoroughly and then drying with a clean or disposable towel. After drying a dry paper towel should be used to turn off water and open exit door.  Moisturizing [[lotion]] is often recommended to keep the hands from drying out, should one's hands require washing more than a few times per day. [http://www.tufts.edu/med/apua/Patients/handwashing.html]
-Antibacterial soaps have been heavily promoted to a health-conscious public.  To date, there is no evidence that using recommended antiseptics or disinfectants selects for antibiotic-resistant organisms in nature. <ref>Infection control and hospital epidemiology : the official journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America. (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol) 2006 Oct; 27(10): 1107-19
+===b. Soft ===
-</ref>.  These soaps are quite different from the non-water-based hand hygiene agents referred to below, which do not promote [[antibiotic resistance]].
+===c. Light===
+This diet is culturally diverse, and includes the following:
+*Food that is easy to digest.
+*Not spicy
-==Medical hand washing==
-The purpose of hand washing in the health care setting is to remove or destroy (disinfect) [[pathogens|pathogenic microrganisms]] ("germs" in common parlance) to avoid transmitting them to a patient.  Water alone is fairly effective, simply by removing many agents loosely adherent to the skin.  Ordinary soap aids in removal and also helps to kill [[pathogens]].  Other "medicated" soaps or hand disinfectants are used in certain settings when higher levels of disinfection are required, e.g. surgery (see below).
-The proper washing of hands in a [[medicine|medical]] setting generally consists of the use of generous amounts of soap and water to lather and rub each part of ones hands systematically. Hands should be rubbed together with digits interlocking. If there is debris under fingernails, a bristle brush is often used to remove it. Finally, it is necessary to rinse well and wipe dry with a paper towel.  After drying, a dry paper towel should be used to turn off water and open exit door.
+===d. Full===
+A ''full diet'' is also sometimes referred to as a ''general diet''. It includes all food items, including drinks.
-To ''''scrub'''' one's hands for a [[surgery|surgical operation]], one requires a tap that can be turned on and off without touching with the hands, some [[chlorhexidine]] or [[iodine]] wash, sterile towels for drying the hands after washing, a sterile brush for scrubbing and another sterile instrument for cleaning under the fingernails. All jewellery should be removed. This procedure requires washing the hands and forearms up to the elbows, and one must in this situation ensure that all parts of the hands and forearms are well scrubbed several times. When rinsing, it is ensured at all times that one does not allow water to drip back from the elbow to your hands. When done hands are dried with the sterile cloth and the surgical gown is donned.
+==3. Know the symptoms of a fever. Know how to take person's temperature. Know how to bring a high temperature down.==
+==4. Know what is a normal pulse rate, respiration rate, and temperature. Practice taking the pulse rate, respiration rate, and temperature of a friend or classmate.==
+==5. What is a communicable disease? How is it transmitted? What precautions should be followed to guard against communicable diseases? List safety measures to be observed when caring for a person with a communicable disease in the home.==
+==6. What symptoms tell you that a person is physically ill?==
+==7. Know how to help take care of a newborn and an aged person in your home.==
+==8. Know when and how to wash your hands when caring for a sick person.==
+==9. Know how to make a bedridden patient comfortable in bed.==
-In the late 1990s and early part of the 21st century, non-water-based hand hygiene agents began to gain popularity.  Most are based on [[isopropyl alcohol]] formulated into a gel or lotion for ease of use and to decrease the drying effect of the alcohol.  The increasing use of these agents is based on speed and ease of use—it's easier to do a good job quickly with these agents than with soap and water.  Used properly, soap and water are as good as the non-water-based agents.
+Use a draw sheet or a piece of cloth under the patient if available, so they can be turned and pulled up in bed with more ease, preventing friction on their skin.
-Of note: the non-water agents don't clean, they simply disinfect.  If visible soiling of any sort is present on the hands, they need to be washed with soap and water. The alcohol-based disinfectants are not effective in the presence of large amounts (i.e. visible amounts) of extraneous material.
-Hand washing is still not spread at an acceptable level in medical environments.<ref>{{cite journal |quotes= |last=Goldmann |first=Donald  |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2006 |month=July |title=System Failure versus Personal Accountability — The Case for Clean Hands |journal=[[New England Journal of Medicine]] |volume=355 |issue=2 |pages=121-123 |id= |url=http://171.66.123.143/cgi/content/full/355/2/121 |accessdate=2007-01-05 }}</ref> Recent studies showed that proper hand hygene and other basic inexpensive procedures, can decrease current infection rate to 66 percent.<ref>{{cite journal |quotes= |last= Pronovost |first=Peter |authorlink= |coauthors=Dale Needham, M.D., Ph.D., Sean Berenholtz, M.D., David Sinopoli, M.P.H., M.B.A., Haitao Chu, M.D., Ph.D., Sara Cosgrove, M.D., Bryan Sexton, Ph.D., Robert Hyzy, M.D., Robert Welsh, M.D., Gary Roth, M.D., Joseph Bander, M.D., John Kepros, M.D., and Christine Goeschel, R.N., M.P.A |year=2006 |month=December |title=An Intervention to Decrease Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in the ICU |journal=[[New England Journal of Medicine]] |volume=355 |issue=26 |pages=2725-2732 |id= |url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/355/26/2725 |accessdate=2007-01-05 }}</ref>[http://www.technewsworld.com/story/54899.html]
+Make sure the person is aligned properly, especially when on their back.
-==Hand washing as compensation==
+Turn the patient every 2 hours during the day and at least 1 to 2 times during the night if possible.
-Excessive hand washing is commonly seen as a symptom of [[obsessive-compulsive disorder]] (OCD).
+Prop the patient up prior to eating and a half hour afterwards if possible.  Otherwise turn the patient on their left side to eat if able.
-It has also been found that people, after having recalled or contemplated unethical acts, tend to wash hands more often than others, and tend to value hand washing equipment more. Furthermore, those who are allowed to wash their hands after such a contemplation are less likely to engage in other "cleansing" compensatory actions, such as volunteering.<ref>Benedict Carey. Lady Macbeth Not Alone in Her Quest for Spotlessness. ''[[The New York Times]]'', 12 September 2006</ref><ref>Chen-Bo Zhong and Katie Liljenquist. [http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/313/5792/1451?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=Liljenquist&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT Washing Away Your Sins: Threatened Morality and Physical Cleansing]. ''[[Science (journal)|Science]], 8 September 2006:
+Using a pillow between the knees while the patient is on his side can help prevent skin break down or creating a twist in the spine.
-Vol. 313. no. 5792, pp. 1451 - 1452</ref>
-==Symbolic hand washing==
+Have the patient by a window if possible or not contraindicated.
-{{main|ablution}}
-*[[Ablution]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]]
-*[[Ablution in Judaism]]
-*[[Wudu]] in [[Islam]]
-*[[Ablution]] in the [[Bahá'í Faith]]
-*[[Ablution]] in [[Hinduism]]
-*[[Misogi]] in [[Shintoism]]
-==Idioms==
+Have the things a patient can use within reach if applicable.
-When someone "washes their hands of" something, this means that they are declaring their unwillingness to take responsibility for it or share complicity in it.  [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] 27:24 gives an account of [[Pontius Pilate]] washing his hands of the decision to crucify [[Jesus]]:  "When Pilate saw that he could prevail nothing, but that rather a tumult was made, he took water, and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, I am innocent of the blood of this just person: see ye to it."
-==See also==
+Provide an atmosphere conducive to the patient's and families needs if possible.  Example, some people do better being in the middle of the daily activities or they may need a  quiet place.
-* [[Escherichia coli O157:H7|E. coli O157:H7]]
-* [[Antibiotic resistance]]
-* [[Ignaz Semmelweis]]
-* [[Soap dispenser]]
-==References==
+Provide adequate nutrition and fluids if applicable.
-<references/>
+Keep the patient clean.
+Be respective of the patient's dignity.
+==10. Show how to feed a helpless patient in bed.==
+==11. Show how to give liquid medicine and tablets, pills, or capsules to children and adults. Know how to properly apply eye drops.==
+===Administering Medicines===
+===Applyng Eye Drops===
+:Instruct your patient of the procedure as appropriate.
+:The head of your patient should be tipped back. Gently pull down on the skin below the eye and apply the drop in the pocket formed below the eyeball without touching the dropper on the patient.  Then gently apply pressure at the tear duct area with your finger when the patient closes their eye.  Instruct the patient not the squeeze their eye shut tight.
-==External links==
+[[Image:Eye_iris.jpg|240px]]
-* [http://www.tufts.edu/med/apua/Patients/handwashing.html Alliance for Prudent Use of Antibiotics on hand washing]
+<br style="clear:both">
-* [http://www.cdc.gov/handhygiene/ Centers for Disease Control on hand hygiene in healthcare settings]
-* [http://www.publichealthgreybruce.on.ca/Communicable/Handwashing/  Hand Washing Video - Grey Bruce Health Unit, Canada ]
-[[Category:Hygiene]]
+==12. Demonstrate the method of giving fomentations and foot baths. Explain the value of their use and tell the conditions under which such treatments should be given.==
-[[Category:Medical hygiene]]
+==13. Demonstrate the application of a heating compress and the use of heat and cold for the treatment of inflammation and bruises.==
+==14. Explain how the following natural remedies help in preventing disease: Note how the first letter of each item spells NEW START.==
+;a. Nutrition:
+;b. Exercise:
+;c. Water:
+;d. Sunshine:
+;e. Temperance:
+;f. Air:
+;g. Rest:
+;h. Trust in God:
+==References==
-[[de:Händedesinfektion]]
+[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
-[[fr:Lavage des mains]]
-[[simple:Hand washing]]