Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Masonry/Answer Key"
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* Cement (one part) | * Cement (one part) | ||
* Sand (six parts) | * Sand (six parts) | ||
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'''Type S''' mortar is used for below-grade applications such as retaining walls and basements. It is made by combining: | '''Type S''' mortar is used for below-grade applications such as retaining walls and basements. It is made by combining: | ||
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* Sand (nine parts) | * Sand (nine parts) | ||
| − | + | Water is added to either of these mixtures and worked in with a trowel or a hoe until it reaches the desired consistency. Both types can be purchased pre-mixed so the mason need only add the water. Mixing is done on a hard flat surface, often in a wheelbarrow or on a sheet of plywood, but more properly in a mortar box. | |
==5. Lay a straight stone, brick, or block masonry wall at least four feet (1.2 meters) high and ten feet (3.0 meters) long, including an inside or outside corner (surface must be struck and broomed).== | ==5. Lay a straight stone, brick, or block masonry wall at least four feet (1.2 meters) high and ten feet (3.0 meters) long, including an inside or outside corner (surface must be struck and broomed).== | ||
Revision as of 01:25, 15 March 2006
Skill Level 3
1. Name at least six materials commonly used by masons in the erection of walls or buildings.
Primary materials include:
- Brick
- Concrete Block (also known as cinder block)
- Poured Concrete
- Stone
- Glass Block
- Tile
Secondary materials include
- Mortar
- Rebar
- Grout
2. Demonstrate ability to use properly the following:
- Plumbbob.jpg
Plumb Line
- Level1.jpg
Level
- Masonhammer.jpg
Mason's hammer
Plumb line
A plumb line is a string with a plumb bob at the end of it. The plumb bob hangs straight down, so the plumb line can be used to make sure that a wall is perfectly vertical and does not lean in any direction. A perfectly vertical line is said to be plumb.
Line stretcher (chicken legs)
A line stretcher is used for guiding the mason when laying brick or other materials in a straight line. Typically, the mason will build up the corners or ends of a wall first, stretch a line between them, and lay the remaining bricks between them. The line stretcher is often set about a sixteenth of an inch away from the wall so that the bricks do not touch it (otherwise they might push the line out).
Level
A spirit level or bubble level is an instrument designed to indicate whether a surface is level or plumb. Spirit levels feature a slightly curved glass tube which is incompletely filled with a liquid, usually coloured 'spirit' (a synonym for ethanol), leaving a bubble in the tube. Ethanol is used because of its low freezing point, −114°C, which prevents it from freezing in cold weather. Most commonly spirit levels are employed to indicate how horizontal (level) or how vertical (plumb) a surface is.
Trowel
A trowel is used for applying mortar to bricks, blocks, or other material. It is also used for "throwing a mortar line" - that is, laying a line of mortar atop the surface upon which that the bricks will be laid.
S-tool
Mason's hammer
A Mason's hammer has one flat traditional face and a short or long chisel-shaped blade. It can thus be used to chip off edges or small pieces of stone without using a separate chisel. The chisel blade can also be used to rapidly cut bricks or cinder blocks.
3. Demonstrate a knowledge of building cement characteristics (know how to prevent sweating, cracking, shrinking, crumbling, and loss of strength).
- Sweating
- Cracking
- Shrinking
- Crumbling
- Loss of strength
4. Make useable mortar and state proper proportions of ingredients (lime, sand, etc.).
There are two basic types of mortar: type N and type S.
Type N mortar is used for interior work and exterior work that is above grade (that is, not buried). It is made by combining:
- Lime (one part)
- Cement (one part)
- Sand (six parts)
Type S mortar is used for below-grade applications such as retaining walls and basements. It is made by combining:
- Lime (one part)
- Cement (two parts)
- Sand (nine parts)
Water is added to either of these mixtures and worked in with a trowel or a hoe until it reaches the desired consistency. Both types can be purchased pre-mixed so the mason need only add the water. Mixing is done on a hard flat surface, often in a wheelbarrow or on a sheet of plywood, but more properly in a mortar box.
