Difference between revisions of "Field Guide/Birds/Colinus virginianus"

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{{Taxobox
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{{Bird id
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| color = pink
 
 
| name = Bobwhite Quail
 
| name = Bobwhite Quail
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| status = NT
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| latin_name = Colinus virginianus
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| image = Colinus_virginianusAAP040CA.jpg
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| level = 4
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| image_width = 200px
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| image_1 = Colinus_virginianusAAP040CA.jpg
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| image_caption = Bobwhite by [[Louis Agassiz Fuertes]]
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| caption_1 = Bobwhite by Louis Agassiz Fuertes
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Bobwhite Call: [[Media:Quey_bob_white.ogg]]
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| call = Quey_bob_white.ogg
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| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
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| description =The '''Bobwhite Quail''', '''Northern Bobwhite''', or '''Virginia Quail''', ''Colinus virginianus'', is a ground-dwelling bird native to North America. The name derives from their characteristic call.
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| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
 
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| subphylum = [[Vertebrate|Vertebrata]]
 
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| classis = [[Bird|Aves]]
 
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| ordo = [[Galliformes]]
 
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| familia = [[New World quail|Odontophoridae]]
 
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| genus = ''[[Colinus]]''
 
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| species = '''''C. virginianus'''''
 
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| binomial = ''Colinus virginianus''
 
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| binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[1758]])
 
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}}
 
  
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The '''Bobwhite Quail''', '''Northern Bobwhite''', or '''Virginia Quail''', ''Colinus virginianus'', is a ground-dwelling [[bird]] native to [[North America]]. The name derives from their characteristic call.
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The Bobwhite Quail is a member of the group of species known as New World quail.  These quail primarily inhabit areas of early successional growth dominated by various species of pine, hardwood, woody, and herbaceous growth. However, quail habitat varies greatly throughout their range which extends from Mexico east to Florida and north into the Upper Midwest and Northeast.
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The Bobwhite Quail is a member of the group of species known as [[New World quail]].  These quail primarily inhabit areas of early successional growth dominated by various species of [[pine tree|pine]], [[hardwood]], woody, and [[herb]]aceous growth. However, quail [[Habitat (ecology)|habitat]] varies greatly throughout their range which extends from [[Mexico]] east to [[Florida]] and north into the [[Upper Midwest]] and Northeast.
 
  
 
Bobwhites are distinguished by a black cap and black stripe behind the eye along the head. The area in between is white on males and yellow-brown on females. The body is brown, speckled in places with black or white on both sexes, and average weight is five to six ounces (145-200 grams).
 
Bobwhites are distinguished by a black cap and black stripe behind the eye along the head. The area in between is white on males and yellow-brown on females. The body is brown, speckled in places with black or white on both sexes, and average weight is five to six ounces (145-200 grams).
  
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It forms what are known as "coveys", groups of five to 30 birds, during the non-breeding season (roughly October-April). During the breeding season, typically beginning in mid-April, the Bobwhite coveys dissolve. Social pairs are typically formed between individuals of unknown relationship. These social pairings potentially result in the formation of a mate bond and subsequent female fertilization and [[egg (biology)|egg]] formation. Eggs are laid at a rate of approximately 1 per day, and they hatch after 23 days. Eggs are normally white in color with a more pointed end than normal [[chicken]] eggs.  
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It forms what are known as "coveys", groups of five to 30 birds, during the non-breeding season (roughly October-April). During the breeding season, typically beginning in mid-April, the Bobwhite coveys dissolve. Social pairs are typically formed between individuals of unknown relationship. These social pairings potentially result in the formation of a mate bond and subsequent female fertilization and egg formation. Eggs are laid at a rate of approximately 1 per day, and they hatch after 23 days. Eggs are normally white with a more pointed end than normal chicken eggs.  
  
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Both males and females can incubate nests, with most nests predominantly incubated by females. If the first clutch of eggs is unsuccessful, a breeding pair (may be the same pair or a different pair as that which led to the previous nesting attempt) will attempt to lay, incubate, and hatch additional clutches. If the clutch is successful, chicks are [[precocial]] and will leave the nest approximately 24 hours following hatching. The breeding season continues until mid-October, and successful nesters (females) can potentially lay, incubate, and hatch up to 3 clutches.
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Both males and females can incubate nests, with most nests predominantly incubated by females. If the first clutch of eggs is unsuccessful, a breeding pair (may be the same pair or a different pair as that which led to the previous nesting attempt) will attempt to lay, incubate, and hatch additional clutches. If the clutch is successful, chicks are precocial and will leave the nest approximately 24 hours following hatching. The breeding season continues until mid-October, and successful nesters (females) can potentially lay, incubate, and hatch up to 3 clutches.
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Bobwhites were previously classed with the Old World quails in the pheasant family [[Phasianidae]], but are not particularly closely related. They and the other New World quails are now given their own family, [[Odontophoridae]].
 
  
 
The Bobwhite's song is a rising, clear whistle, ''bob-Wight!'' or ''bob-bob-White!'' The call is most often given by males in spring and summertime.
 
The Bobwhite's song is a rising, clear whistle, ''bob-Wight!'' or ''bob-bob-White!'' The call is most often given by males in spring and summertime.
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}}
  
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The Bobwhite Quail is a popular and economically important [[gamebird]], particularly in the [[US Southern States]].  Habitat degradation threatens wild populations, so it is propagated in captivity in large numbers for release on hunting preserves or natural areas as required by US wildlife agencies. It is also found in many aviaries and is on display in some zoos. In the southern U.S., pearl millet has been identified as a preferred food source for Bobwhite Quail.
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[[Category:Field Guide//Birds - Eastern US and Canada|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
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==Cultural references==
 
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* The Bobwhite Quail is the official game bird of the U.S. State of [[Tennessee]]
 
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==References==
 
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* {{IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2004|id=54207|title=Colinus virginianus|downloaded=11 May 2006}} Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is near threatened
 
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==External links==
 
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*[http://www.itis.usda.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=175863 ITIS Standard Report Page: Colinus virginianus taxonomic details (includes subspecies) ]
 
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*[http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/northern_bobwhite.htm Northern Bobwhite] Additional information, pictures, sound and video clips
 
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*[http://www.gamebird.com/bobwhite.html Aspects of the natural history, economic importance, and propagation of the bobwhite quail.]
 
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*[http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Northern_Bobwhite.html Cornell Lab of Ornithology - Northern Bobwhite]
 
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*[http://www.sdakotabirds.com/species/northern_bobwhite_info.htm South Dakota Birds and Birding - Northern Bobwhite]
 
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*[http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i2890id.html USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter - Northern Bobwhtie]
 
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[[Category:Odontophoridae]]
 
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[[Category:Game birds]]
 
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[[Category:Hunting in the United States]]
 
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[[de:Virginiawachtel]]
 
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[[fr:Colin de Virginie]]
 
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[[no:Nordkrattvaktel]]
 

Latest revision as of 19:14, 5 July 2012

Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite Quail)
Bobwhite by Louis Agassiz Fuertes
Description
The Bobwhite Quail, Northern Bobwhite, or Virginia Quail, Colinus virginianus, is a ground-dwelling bird native to North America. The name derives from their characteristic call.

The Bobwhite Quail is a member of the group of species known as New World quail. These quail primarily inhabit areas of early successional growth dominated by various species of pine, hardwood, woody, and herbaceous growth. However, quail habitat varies greatly throughout their range which extends from Mexico east to Florida and north into the Upper Midwest and Northeast.

Bobwhites are distinguished by a black cap and black stripe behind the eye along the head. The area in between is white on males and yellow-brown on females. The body is brown, speckled in places with black or white on both sexes, and average weight is five to six ounces (145-200 grams).

It forms what are known as "coveys", groups of five to 30 birds, during the non-breeding season (roughly October-April). During the breeding season, typically beginning in mid-April, the Bobwhite coveys dissolve. Social pairs are typically formed between individuals of unknown relationship. These social pairings potentially result in the formation of a mate bond and subsequent female fertilization and egg formation. Eggs are laid at a rate of approximately 1 per day, and they hatch after 23 days. Eggs are normally white with a more pointed end than normal chicken eggs.

Both males and females can incubate nests, with most nests predominantly incubated by females. If the first clutch of eggs is unsuccessful, a breeding pair (may be the same pair or a different pair as that which led to the previous nesting attempt) will attempt to lay, incubate, and hatch additional clutches. If the clutch is successful, chicks are precocial and will leave the nest approximately 24 hours following hatching. The breeding season continues until mid-October, and successful nesters (females) can potentially lay, incubate, and hatch up to 3 clutches.

The Bobwhite's song is a rising, clear whistle, bob-Wight! or bob-bob-White! The call is most often given by males in spring and summertime.

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