Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Species Account/Isurus oxyrinchus"
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| status_system = iucn3.1 | | status_system = iucn3.1 | ||
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite press release |title=More oceanic sharks added to the IUCN Red List |publisher=[[IUCN]] |date=2007-02-22 |url=http://www.iucn.org/en/news/archive/2007/02/22_pr_sharks.htm |format= |language= |accessdate=2007-02-25 |quote=The global threat status was heightened for shortfin mako, a favorite shark among commercial and recreational fishermen, from ''Near Threatened'' in 2000 to ''Vulnerable'' today.}}</ref> | | status_ref = <ref>{{cite press release |title=More oceanic sharks added to the IUCN Red List |publisher=[[IUCN]] |date=2007-02-22 |url=http://www.iucn.org/en/news/archive/2007/02/22_pr_sharks.htm |format= |language= |accessdate=2007-02-25 |quote=The global threat status was heightened for shortfin mako, a favorite shark among commercial and recreational fishermen, from ''Near Threatened'' in 2000 to ''Vulnerable'' today.}}</ref> | ||
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| regnum = [[Animal]]ia | | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | ||
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The shortfin mako shark is a sleek spindle shaped shark with a long conical snout. This shark has short [[pectoral fin]]s and a crescent shaped [[caudal fin|caudal (tail) fin]]. There is a distinct caudal keel on the caudal base. Its second [[dorsal fin]] is much smaller than the first. The teeth are slender and slightly curved with no lateral cusps, and are visible even when the mouth is closed. There is marked countershading on this shark: dorsally it is a metallic indigo blue while ventrally it is white. | The shortfin mako shark is a sleek spindle shaped shark with a long conical snout. This shark has short [[pectoral fin]]s and a crescent shaped [[caudal fin|caudal (tail) fin]]. There is a distinct caudal keel on the caudal base. Its second [[dorsal fin]] is much smaller than the first. The teeth are slender and slightly curved with no lateral cusps, and are visible even when the mouth is closed. There is marked countershading on this shark: dorsally it is a metallic indigo blue while ventrally it is white. | ||
| + | There are about 7,000,000 shortfin mako sharks in the world. | ||
==Naming== | ==Naming== | ||
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The shortfin mako is found in offshore temperate and [[tropical]] seas worldwide. The closely related longfin mako shark, ''Isurus paucus'', is found in the [[Gulf Stream]] or warmer offshore waters. | The shortfin mako is found in offshore temperate and [[tropical]] seas worldwide. The closely related longfin mako shark, ''Isurus paucus'', is found in the [[Gulf Stream]] or warmer offshore waters. | ||
| − | They are a pelagic species that occur from the surface down to depths of 150 m or 490 ft. This shark is seldom found in waters colder than 16° [[Celsius|C]] (61° [[Fahrenheit|F]]). | + | They are a [[pelagic]] species that occur from the surface down to depths of 150 m or 490 ft. This shark is seldom found in waters colder than 16° [[Celsius|C]] (61° [[Fahrenheit|F]]). |
In the western [[Atlantic]] it can be found from [[Argentina]] and the [[Gulf of Mexico]] to Browns Bank off of [[Nova Scotia]]. In [[Canada|Canadian]] waters these sharks are not abundant as they prefer warm waters, but neither are they rare. Shortfin makos are often found in the same waters as swordfish as they are a source of food and both fish prefer similar environmental conditions. | In the western [[Atlantic]] it can be found from [[Argentina]] and the [[Gulf of Mexico]] to Browns Bank off of [[Nova Scotia]]. In [[Canada|Canadian]] waters these sharks are not abundant as they prefer warm waters, but neither are they rare. Shortfin makos are often found in the same waters as swordfish as they are a source of food and both fish prefer similar environmental conditions. | ||
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* A female mako shark also starred in Mathias Bradley's novel, ''Mako: Journey of Discovery'' as the human-friendly ''Sunyui''. In the sequel, ''Mako: Journey of Discovery 2: Sunyui's Family'', ''Sunyui'' becomes the main star at SeaWorld, Japan, along with her mate, ''Rio''. In the end, ''Sunyui'' mates with ''Rio'' and she has two litters of three pups during her two pregnancies. | * A female mako shark also starred in Mathias Bradley's novel, ''Mako: Journey of Discovery'' as the human-friendly ''Sunyui''. In the sequel, ''Mako: Journey of Discovery 2: Sunyui's Family'', ''Sunyui'' becomes the main star at SeaWorld, Japan, along with her mate, ''Rio''. In the end, ''Sunyui'' mates with ''Rio'' and she has two litters of three pups during her two pregnancies. | ||
* A mako shark is also seen on [[Jackass 2]]:The Movie, one of the stars kicks one in the head while being used as human bait in a skit. | * A mako shark is also seen on [[Jackass 2]]:The Movie, one of the stars kicks one in the head while being used as human bait in a skit. | ||
| − | * A mako shark appeared in Ernest Hemmingway's | + | * A mako shark appeared in Ernest Hemmingway's novella, "The Old Man and The Sea" |
* Mako sharks were mentioned in Life of Pi, by Yann Martel. | * Mako sharks were mentioned in Life of Pi, by Yann Martel. | ||
* Mako sharks are common around Mako Island; the fictional island from the Nickelodeon series H2O: Just Add Water, where the girls first gain their powers and mermaid tails. | * Mako sharks are common around Mako Island; the fictional island from the Nickelodeon series H2O: Just Add Water, where the girls first gain their powers and mermaid tails. | ||
Revision as of 00:53, 8 April 2008
Template:Taxobox Template:Sharksportal
The shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus, ("sharp nose") is a large shark of the Lamnidae family. Along with the closely related longfin mako, Isurus paucus, it is commonly called just mako shark. They are known to be incredibly fast swimmers with superior lateral movements &.
Anatomy and appearance
With an average full-grown length of 1.82–2.42 m (6–8 ft)&, it can also grow to 3.9 m (13 ft) long& and has been reported to weigh up to 800 kg (1,750 lb). It has a bluish back and white underside. Although the sexes grow at about the same rate, females are thought to have a longer life span, and grow larger and weigh more than the males. Shortfin makos are renowned for their speed and their ability to leap out of the water. In fact, there are cases when an angry mako will jump out of the water and into the boat after it has been caught on the hook. Mako sharks have a better hydrodynamic shape than all other sharks, and this, combined with the lamnidae's typical high aerobic muscle mass, reflects in the spectacular speed and agility of both the longfin and shortfin makosTemplate:Fact.
The shortfin mako shark is a sleek spindle shaped shark with a long conical snout. This shark has short pectoral fins and a crescent shaped caudal (tail) fin. There is a distinct caudal keel on the caudal base. Its second dorsal fin is much smaller than the first. The teeth are slender and slightly curved with no lateral cusps, and are visible even when the mouth is closed. There is marked countershading on this shark: dorsally it is a metallic indigo blue while ventrally it is white. There are about 7,000,000 shortfin mako sharks in the world.
Naming
The name "mako" comes from the Māori language&, meaning either the mako shark or a shark tooth. It may simply have originated from a dialectal variation as it is similar to the common words for shark in a number of Polynesian languages - makō in the Kāi Tahu Māori dialect&, mangō in other Māori dialects&, ma'o in Tahitian, and mano in Hawaiian. The first written usage is in Lee & Kendall's Grammar and vocabulary of the language of New Zealand (1820), which simply states "Máko; A certain fish".&& Richard Taylor's A leaf from the natural history of New Zealand (1848) is more elaborate: "Mako, the shark which has the tooth so highly prized by the Maoris".&
Diet
The shortfin mako feeds mainly upon bony fishes including mackerels, tunas, bonitos and swordfish, but may also eat other sharks, porpoises and sea turtles.
Distribution
The shortfin mako is found in offshore temperate and tropical seas worldwide. The closely related longfin mako shark, Isurus paucus, is found in the Gulf Stream or warmer offshore waters.
They are a pelagic species that occur from the surface down to depths of 150 m or 490 ft. This shark is seldom found in waters colder than 16° C (61° F).
In the western Atlantic it can be found from Argentina and the Gulf of Mexico to Browns Bank off of Nova Scotia. In Canadian waters these sharks are not abundant as they prefer warm waters, but neither are they rare. Shortfin makos are often found in the same waters as swordfish as they are a source of food and both fish prefer similar environmental conditions.
Behavior
The shortfin mako's speed has been recorded at 50 km/h (31 mph) and there are reports that it can achieve bursts of up to 74 km/h (46 mph).& Shortfin makos can jump up to 9 m (28 ft) in the air. Due to its speed and agility, this high-leaping fish is sought as game worldwide. This shark is highly migratory. They are also one of four warm-blooded sharks which helps them swim fast.
There is still some uncertainty about its life-span, but it is suspected to reach ages of between 11 to 23 years.
Reproduction
The shortfin mako shark is a yolk-sac ovoviviparous shark, meaning it gives birth to live young who feed from a sac full of yolk in the womb. The gestation period for a mako shark is 15 to 18 months. Shortfin mako embryos in the female's body consume each other to get nutrients. This is called intrauterine cannibalism.
Female shortfin makos usually become sexually mature at a length of 3 m. Developing embryos feed on unfertilized eggs in the uterus during the gestation period of 15 to 18 months. The 4 to 18 surviving young are born live in the late winter and early spring at a length of about 70 cm, but have no placental connection during development (ovoviviparity). It is believed that females may rest for 18 months after birth before the next batch of eggs are fertilized.
Male shortfin makos reach sexual maturity within 4 years.
Distinguishing characteristics
- Teeth are visible even when the mouth is closed
- Teeth are long and slender with smooth-edged cusps
- Distinct countershading, dorsally blue and ventrally white
- Moderately short pectoral fins
- Underside of the snout is white
- Lunate tail and caudal keel
Mako sharks in popular culture
- Three genetically engineered mako sharks are the chief antagonists of 1999 science fiction/horror film Deep Blue Sea.
- A female mako shark also starred in Mathias Bradley's novel, Mako: Journey of Discovery as the human-friendly Sunyui. In the sequel, Mako: Journey of Discovery 2: Sunyui's Family, Sunyui becomes the main star at SeaWorld, Japan, along with her mate, Rio. In the end, Sunyui mates with Rio and she has two litters of three pups during her two pregnancies.
- A mako shark is also seen on Jackass 2:The Movie, one of the stars kicks one in the head while being used as human bait in a skit.
- A mako shark appeared in Ernest Hemmingway's novella, "The Old Man and The Sea"
- Mako sharks were mentioned in Life of Pi, by Yann Martel.
- Mako sharks are common around Mako Island; the fictional island from the Nickelodeon series H2O: Just Add Water, where the girls first gain their powers and mermaid tails.
- In the Pixar film Finding Nemo, the character, Chum, is a mako shark.
Notes
- ↑ Mako Shark | TOPP
- ↑ <http://www.sdnhm.org/kids/sharks/shore-to-sea/mako.html>
- ↑ <http://www.new-brunswick.net/new-brunswick/sharks/species/sfmako.html>
- ↑ "Maori language - a glossary of useful words from the language of the Maori New Zealand". http://www.maori.info/maori_language.htm. Retrieved 2006-08-11.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 H.W.Williams (1971). Dictionary of the Maori Language (7th ed.).
- ↑ Oxford: The Dictionary of New Zealand English: New Zealand words and their origins. 1997.
- ↑ "Online Etymology Dictionary". http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=mako. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
- ↑ Richard Taylor (1848). A leaf from the natural history of New Zealand. p. xiii.
- ↑ R. Aidan Martin. "Biology of the Shortfin Mako". ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/shark_profiles/i_oxyrinchus.htm. Retrieved 2006-08-12.
References
- Template:IUCN2006 Database entry includes justification for why this species is near threatened
- Template:ITIS
- Template:FishBase species
External links
ca:Solraig de:Kurzflossen-Mako es:Isurus oxyrinchus fr:Requin mako ko:청상아리 it:Isurus oxyrinchus nl:Kortvinmakreelhaai ja:アオザメ no:Makrellhai pt:Tubarão-mako sk:Mako rýchly fi:Makohai sv:Makohaj vi:Cá mập mako vây ngắn zh:尖吻鲭鲨
