AY Honors/Harmful Animals/Answer Key

1. What are harmful animals?

Harmful animals do harm to humans by spreading disease, causing injury, destroying crops and goods, or otherwise causing unpleasant effects. An animal can be harmful in certain circumstances but not in others. For example bees produce tasty honey and pollinate plants but if they attack a human it hurts.

2. What is the difference between harmful animals and poisonous animals?

Some harmful animals are poisonous but not all poisonous animals are harmful.

3. Know how some harmful animals can be directly related to some epidemics and pandemics.

An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί epi "upon or above" and δῆμος demos "people") is the rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of persons in a given population within a short period of time, usually two weeks or less. An epidemic may be restricted to one location; however, if it spreads to other countries or continents and affects a substantial number of people, it may be termed a pandemic.

Zoonosis describes the process whereby an infectious disease is transmitted between species,usually to diseases that can travel from animals to humans. They include all diseases. Many serious epidemic diseases are zoonoses which originated in animals. These include rabies, Ebola virus disease and influenza. In a systematic review of 1,415 pathogens known to infect humans, 61% were zoonotic. The emergence of a pathogen into a new host species is called disease invasion or "disease emergence". The emerging interdisciplinary field of conservation medicine integrates human and veterinary medicine.

Zoonoses can be classified by infectious agent type:

1. Parasites
2. protozoa, helminths (nematodes, cestodes and trematodes)
3. Fungi
4. Bacteria
5. Viruses
6. Prions

4. Know at least 4 kinds of diseases transmitted by harmful animals.

1. Rabies obtained from being bitten by an infected animal like a dog or bat
2. Malaria (mosquito bite spread)
3. Herpes B is commonly found in macaque monkeys, including rhesus, cynomolgus, pig-tailed, stump-tailed, and Japanese macaques. The B virus can be shed lifelong in their saliva and all adult macaques should be assumed to be carriers. The B virus can be transmitted to people through bites and scratches, and can cause acute neurological disease and fatal encephalitis.
4. Cat scratch disease is a mild to severe bacterial disease caused by Bartonella henselae. Young cats and kittens are the most likely source of human infection. The infection is transmitted between cats by fleas. Infected flea droppings on the cat's fur are the source of human infections, which are spread from the cat to a person by a cat bite, scratch, or lick. Cats rarely show signs of illness but people can develop skin lesions, fever, or in severe cases, systemic (whole body) infection.
5. E. coli infection from animal or human fecal matter
6. Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that infects both humans and a wide range of animals. It occurs worldwide but is more common in temperate and tropical areas of the world. Some people infected with leptospirosis will have no symptoms at all, and some people will become severely ill. Some wild and domestic animals, such as cattle, pigs, dogs, raccoons, and rodents, carry the bacteria and pass them in their urine. People become ill following direct contact with urine or tissues from infected animals, or exposure to contaminated soil, food, or water, including from swimming in contaminated water.
7. Lyme disease, a bacterial disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted by the bites of infected ticks. Ticks become infected by feeding on infected rodents.
8. Plague is a serious infection of humans caused by bacteria the bacteria, Yersinia pestis. The bacteria are present in wild rodents and their fleas.
9. Rat Bite Fever is a bacterial disease that is spread to people through bites or scratches from rats. Symptoms include abrupt fever, vomiting, headache, muscle, back, and joint pain, and then a rash on the hands and feet and swollen joints.
10. West Nile virus is spread by mosquitoes that pick up the virus after feeding on infected wild birds. People, horses, and certain types of birds are most often affected by this virus. Most people infected with the virus don't get sick, but some may have an illness ranging from mild to severe. In the severe forms, West Nile virus affects the nervous system and may result in meningitis, encephalitis, paralysis, or death.

5. How can animals harm plants and the lives of other animals?

Invasive species of dangerous animals can create problems for established species. The harmful animal may kill off other species directly by eating them, or indirectly by using up resources the established species needs to survive.

6. Choose and present the following characteristics of two harmful animals:

See examples in Requirement 7.

7. Name at least three harmful animals in the following classes:

a. Mammals

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Rattus rattus Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Canis latrans Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Pagophilus groenlandicus

b. Insects

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/ Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/ Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/

c. Reptiles

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Heloderma suspectum Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Crocodylus niloticus Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Oxyuranus scutellatus list of dangerous snakes

d. Amphibians

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/xyz Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/xyz Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/xyz

8. Discover why some harmful animals are important for the balance of their ecosystem.

1. Snakes control rodent populations

9. Learn four ways to protect yourself from harmful animals that can be found in homes or businesses.

1. Spray to kill mosquitoes
2. Keep trash contained to avoid attracting raccoons and other animals
3. Trapping and poisoning rodents
4. Control flees on pets

10. Complete at least one of the following activities:

a. Visit a zoo or place of research where you can observe harmful animals and present a report.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Zoo Visit

b. With the help of a leader, identify at least 10 harmful animals and present a list with the scientific name, common name, picture and place where it was found.

The answers to Requirement 7 have the required information for 12 harmful animals.

11. Discover three harmful animals in the Bible.

There are many possible answers, but here are a few:

1. Genesis 49:17 Dan will be a snake by the roadside, a viper along the path, that bites the horse’s heels so that its rider tumbles backward.
2. Numbers 21:6 Then the Lord sent venomous snakes among them; they bit the people and many Israelites died.
3. Deuteronomy 8:15 He led you through the vast and dreadful wilderness, that thirsty and waterless land, with its venomous snakes and scorpions. He brought you water out of hard rock.
4. Psalm 58:4 Their venom is like the venom of a snake, like that of a cobra that has stopped its ears,
5. Proverbs 23:32 In the end it bites like a snake and poisons like a viper.
6. Ecclesiastes 10:8 Whoever digs a pit may fall into it; whoever breaks through a wall may be bitten by a snake.
7. Isaiah 14:29 Do not rejoice, all you Philistines, that the rod that struck you is broken; from the root of that snake will spring up a viper, its fruit will be a darting, venomous serpent.
8. Jeremiah 8:17 “See, I will send venomous snakes among you, vipers that cannot be charmed, and they will bite you,” declares the Lord.
9. Amos 5:19 It will be as though a man fled from a lion only to meet a bear, as though he entered his house and rested his hand on the wall only to have a snake bite him. (a 3 for 1 deal in one verse)
10. Matthew 7:10 Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake?
11. Matthew 10:16 “I am sending you out like sheep among wolves. Therefore be as shrewd as snakes and as innocent as doves. (wolves and snakes in one verse)
12. Matthew 23:33 “You snakes! You brood of vipers! How will you escape being condemned to hell?
13. Acts 28:4-5 When the islanders saw the snake hanging from his hand, they said to each other, “This man must be a murderer; for though he escaped from the sea, the goddess Justice has not allowed him to live.” But Paul shook the snake off into the fire and suffered no ill effects.
14. Numbers 23:24 The people rise like a lioness; they rouse themselves like a lion that does not rest till it devours its prey and drinks the blood of its victims.”
15. Deuteronomy 28:39 Thou shalt plant vineyards, and dress them, but shalt neither drink of the wine, nor gather the grapes; for the worms shall eat them.
16. Acts 12:23 And immediately the angel of the Lord smote him, because he gave not God the glory: and he was eaten of worms, and gave up the ghost.
17. Judges 14:5 Samson went down to Timnah together with his father and mother. As they approached the vineyards of Timnah, suddenly a young lion came roaring toward him.
18. 1 Samuel 17:34 But David said to Saul, “Your servant has been keeping his father’s sheep. When a lion or a bear came and carried off a sheep from the flock,
19. 2 Samuel 23:20 Benaiah son of Jehoiada, a valiant fighter from Kabzeel, performed great exploits. He struck down Moab’s two mightiest warriors. He also went down into a pit on a snowy day and killed a lion.
20. 1 Kings 13:24 As he went on his way, a lion met him on the road and killed him, and his body was left lying on the road, with both the donkey and the lion standing beside it.
21. Daniel 6:24 At the king’s command, the men who had falsely accused Daniel were brought in and thrown into the lions’ den, along with their wives and children. And before they reached the floor of the den, the lions overpowered them and crushed all their bones.
22. Psalm 80:13 The boar out of the wood doth ravage it, And the wild beasts of the field feed on it.
23. Isaiah 34:14 And the wild beasts of the desert shall meet with the wolves, and the wild goat shall cry to his fellow; yea, the night-monster shall settle there, and shall find her a place of rest. (night monster may be the hyena)
24. Job 41 the whole chapter describes a fearsome creature, most likely the crocodile.
25. Isaiah 27:1 In that day Jehovah with his hard and great and strong sword will punish leviathan the swift serpent, and leviathan the crooked serpent; and he will slay the monster that is in the sea.
26. Dragon: This word may signify a few different creatures in the Bible, including mythical ones.
27. In Exodus 7-10 The Egyptians were hit with a few different animal pests - Frogs (2nd), Lice (3rd), Flies (4th), and Locusts (8th).
28. Psalm 78:45 He sent swarms of flies that devoured them, and frogs that devastated them.
29. Ecclesiastes 10:1 As dead flies give perfume a bad smell, so a little folly outweighs wisdom and honor.
30. Exodus 23:28 I will send the hornet ahead of you to drive the Hivites, Canaanites and Hittites out of your way.
31. Deuteronomy 7:20 Moreover, the Lord your God will send the hornet among them until even the survivors who hide from you have perished.
32. Joshua 24:12 I sent the hornet ahead of you, which drove them out before you—also the two Amorite kings. You did not do it with your own sword and bow.
33. Proverbs 30:15 “The leech has two daughters.n ‘Give! Give!’ they cry. “There are three things that are never satisfied, four that never say, ‘Enough!’
34. Isaiah 51:8 For the moth will eat them up like a garment; the worm will devour them like wool. But my righteousness will last forever, my salvation through all generations.”
35. Joel 2:25 I will repay you for the years the locusts have eaten— the great locust and the young locust, the other locusts and the locust swarm— my great army that I sent among you.
36. Ezekiel 13:4 Your prophets, Israel, are like jackals among ruins.
37. 1 Samuel 6:5 Wherefore ye shall make images of your emerods, and images of your mice that mar the land; and ye shall give glory unto the God of Israel: peradventure he will lighten his hand from off you, and from off your gods, and from off your land.
38. Leviticus 11:29 These also shall be unclean unto you among the creeping things that creep upon the earth; the weasel, and the mouse, and the tortoise after his kind,

There are many other references to lions. You might also explore unclean animals.

References

http://www.doh.wa.gov/YouandYourFamily/IllnessandDisease/AnimalTransmittedDiseases