Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Macramé/Answer Key"

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<!-- 1. Give a brief history of the art of decorative knotting. -->
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Macramé, the modern art of decorating with knots, is believed to have originated with 13th-century Arab weavers. These artisans knotted the excess thread and yarn along the edges of hand-loomed fabrics into decorative fringes on bath towels, shawls, and veils. The word macramé is derived from the Arabic migramah (مقرمة), believed to mean "striped towel", "ornamental fringe" or "embroidered veil." After the Moorish conquest, the art was taken to Spain, and then spread through Europe. It was first introduced into England by Kathleen Koons at the court of Queen Mary, the wife of William of Orange, in the late 17th century.
  
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'''Macramé''' or '''macrame''' is a form of [[textile]]-making using [[knot]]ting rather than [[weaving]] or [[knitting]]. Its primary knots are the [[square knot]] and forms of hitching ([[full hitch]] and double [[half hitch]]es). It has been used by sailors, especially in elaborate or ornamental knotting forms to decorate anything from knife handles to bottles to parts of ships. Macrame is viewed as a more masculine form{{Fact|date=January 2008}} of craft comparative to traditional knitting techniques, as evident in ancient Nordic tradition.
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Sailors made macramé objects at sea, and sold and bartered them when they landed, thus spreading the art to places like China and the New World. Macramé remained a popular pastime with 19th- century British and American seamen, who called it square knotting after the knot they most preferred in making hammocks, bell fringes, and belts.
  
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'''Cavandoli macrame''' is a variety of macrame that is able to form geometric patterns and/or free-form patterns like weaving. The Cavandoli style is done mainly in a single knot, the double half hitch knot.
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Macramé reached its zenith in the Victorian era. Sylvia's Book of Macramé Lace, a favorite at that time, urged its readers "to work rich trimmings for black and coloured costumes, both for home wear, garden parties, seaside ramblings, and balls- fairylike adornments for household and underlinens ..." Few Victorian homes went unadorned.
  
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Common materials used in macrame include [[cotton]] twine, [[hemp]], [[leather]] or [[yarn]]. Jewelry is often made in combination of both the knots and various [[beads]] (glass, wooden, etc.), pendants or shells. Sometimes 'found' focal points are used for necklaces, such as rings or [[gemstones]] either wire-wrapped to allow for securing or captured in a net-like array of intertwining [[overhand knot]]s. Leather or fabric belts are another accessory often created via macrame techniques.  Most [[friendship bracelet]]s exchanged among schoolchildren and teens are created using this method as well.
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While the craze for macramé waned in later years, it is now popular again, for making wall hangings, articles of clothing, bedspreads, small jean shorts, tablecloths, draperies, plant hangers and other furnishings.
  
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For larger decorative pieces such as wall hangings or window coverings, a work of macrame might be started out on a wooden or metal dowel, allowing for a spread of dozens of cords that are easy to manipulate. For smaller projects, push-pin boards are available specifically for macrame, although a simple corkboard works adequately enough. Many craft stores offer beginners' kits, work boards, beads and materials ranging in price for the casual hobbyist or ambitious craftsperson. Vendors at theme parks, malls and other public places may sell such macrame jewelry or decoration as well.
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<!-- 2. What is a good macramé cord? -->
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Cotton seine twine is recommended for the beginner because with this material, the patterns are easier to see and the knots are easy to tighten.
  
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== History ==
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[[Image:Macrame.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Decorative macrame owls.]]
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Macrame, the modern art of decorating with knots, is believed to have originated with 13th-century [[Arab]] weavers. These artisans knotted the excess thread and yarn along the edges of hand-loomed fabrics into decorative fringes on bath towels, shawls, and veils. The word ''macrame'' is derived from the Arabic ''migramah'' (مقرمة), believed to mean "striped towel", "ornamental fringe" or "embroidered veil." After the [[Moorish conquest]], the art was taken to [[Spain]], and then spread through [[Europe]]. It was first introduced into [[England]] by Kathleen Koons at the court of [[Mary II of England|Queen Mary]], the wife of [[William of Orange]], in the late 17th century.
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<!-- 3. Know three kinds of cords that are good and why they are good. -->
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Common materials used in macramé include cotton twine, hemp, leather or yarn.  
  
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Sailors made macrame objects at sea, and sold and bartered them when they landed, thus spreading the art to places like [[China]] and the [[New World]]. Macrame remained a popular pastime with 19th- century British and American seamen, who called it square knotting after the knot they most preferred in making [[hammock]]s, [[bell fringe]]s, and [[Belt (clothing)|belts]].
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;Cotton twine: Soft, flexible, easy to obtain, cheap
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;Hemp: Very strong, easily acquired, natural look
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;Leather: Strong, stiff, doesn't fray
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;Yarn: Various colors, cheap, flexible
  
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Macrame reached its zenith in the [[Victorian era]]. Sylvia's Book of Macrame Lace, a favorite at that time, urged its readers "to work rich trimmings for black and coloured costumes, both for home wear, garden parties, seaside ramblings, and balls- fairylike adornments for household and underlinens ..." Few Victorian homes went unadorned.
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<!-- 4. Know the basic knots used in macramé. Know two variations of each of these knots. -->
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===Overhand Knots=== <!--T:30-->
  
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While the craze for macrame waned in later years, it is now popular again, for making wall hangings, articles of clothing, bedspreads, small jean shorts, [[tablecloth]]s, [[draperies]], plant hangers and other furnishings.
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{{:AY Honors/Knot/Overhand}}
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{| border=0 width=100%
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|-
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|[[File:Macrame overhand.jpg|thumb|250px|Overhand knot]]
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|[[File:Macrame overhand on anchor.jpg|thumb|250px|Overhand knot tied onto an anchor]]
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|-
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|[[File:Macrame multiple overhand.jpg|thumb|250px|Multiple overhand knot]]
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|}
  
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Most notably, macramé jewelry has become popular among the American neo-[[hippie]] and [[grunge music]] crowd in the early 90's. Using mainly square knots and granny knots, this jewelry often features handmade glass beads and natural elements like bone and shell. Necklaces, anklets and bracelets have become popular forms of macramé jewelry among college-aged individuals in America, but continues to elude the adult culture.
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===Square Knots=== <!--T:10-->
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{{:AY Honors/Knot/Square}}
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{| border=0 width=100%
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|-
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|[[File:Macrame square knot.jpg|thumb|250px|Square knot]]
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|[[File:Macrame double knot.jpg|thumb|250px|Double knot]]
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|}
  
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{{commons|Category:Macrame}}
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===Half Hitches=== <!--T:11-->
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{| border=0 width=100%
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|-
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|[[File:Macrame half hitch left.jpg|thumb|250px|Half hitch with loop to the left]]
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|[[File:Macrame half hitch right.jpg|thumb|250px|Half hitch with loop to the right]]
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|-
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|[[File:Macrame alternating half hitch.jpg|thumb|250px|Alternating half hitches]]
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|}
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===Clove Hitches===
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{{:AY Honors/Knot/Clove_hitch}}
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{{:AY Honors/Knot/Constrictor}}
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{| border=0 width=100%
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|-
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|[[File:Macrame clove hitch left.jpg|thumb|250px|Clove hitch with loops to the left]]
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|[[File:Macrame clove hitch right.jpg|thumb|250px|Clove hitch with loops to the right]]
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|-
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|[[File:Macrame clove hitch upwards.jpg|thumb|250px|Clove hitch with loops up]]
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|-
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|[[File:Macrame clove hitch horizontal.jpg|thumb|250px|Clove hitch on a horizontal anchor]]
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|[[File:Macrame clove hitch vertical.jpg|thumb|250px|Clove hitch on a vertical anchor]]
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|}
  
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{{Lace_types}}
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===Lark's Heads=== <!--T:12-->
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{| border=0 width=100%
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|-
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|[[File:Macrame larks head.jpg|thumb|250px|Lark's head]]
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|[[File:Macrame reverse larks head.jpg|thumb|250px|Reverse Lark's head]]
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|}
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===Single Hitches===
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{| border=0 width=100%
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|-
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|[[File:Macrame single hitch left.jpg|thumb|250px|Single hitch, left-handed]]
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|[[File:Macrame single hitch right.jpg|thumb|250px|Single hitch, right-handed]]
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|}
  
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[[Category:Spanish loanwords]]
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===Macramé Knots=== <!--T:13-->
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{| border=0 width=100%
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|-
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|[[File:Macrame left hand knot.jpg|thumb|250px|Left-hand macramé knot]]
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|[[File:Macrame right hand knot.jpg|thumb|250px|Right-hand macramé knot]]
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|-
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|[[File:Macrame one and a half.jpg|thumb|250px|One-and-a-half macramé knots]]
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|[[File:Macrame right hand spiral.jpg|thumb|250px|Right-hand spiral knot]]
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|}
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===Josephine Knots===
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{| border=0 width=100%
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|-
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|[[File:Macrame josephine.jpg|thumb|250px|Josephine knot]]
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|[[File:Macrame whale knot.jpg|thumb|250px|Whale knot]]
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|}
  
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<!-- 5. How is the overhand knot useful in macramé? -->
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Overhand knots can be used to tie two cords together at the bottom of a piece, to fasten a cord to a bead or pearl, or to serve as a decorative knot in the pattern.
  
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<!-- 6. How much cord is needed to reach the desired length of the finished product? -->
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The length of cord needed for a finished product is directly dependent on the types of knots used. It also depends on how much knotting is done on a given cord. Anchor cords will have fewer (if any) knots compared to working cords. A general rule of thumb is to allow yourself five times more cord than the length of the product. A better guideline is to experiment. Tie a short section (at least a couple of inches (10 cm) long). Measure it, and then untie it and measure the amount of cord used. If 2 inches of your sample required 12 inches of cord, you will need six times as much cord.
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<!-- 7. Make a sampler wall hanging using the essential knots and using at least two variations, such as the horizontal half-hitch, vertical half-hitch, or the half knot. -->
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You will want to search the internet or check books for patterns. Have fun on the practical part of the Honor.
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<!-- 8. Make two other items of your choice using the square knot, the double half-hitch, and two variations of either or both items. -->
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See knots above. Have fun creating.
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==References== <!--T:20-->
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#[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macram%C3%A9 Wikipedia]
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#[http://www.free-macrame-patterns.com/ free macrame patterns]
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#[http://www.wikihow.com/Macrame Good moving pictures of how to do this craft]
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#[http://pinterest.com/macradabra/macrame-projects/ Pinterest Page of projects]  
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Latest revision as of 23:21, 13 July 2022

Other languages:
English • ‎español • ‎français
Macramé

Skill Level

1

Year

1975

Version

23.11.2024

Approval authority

General Conference

Macrame AY Honor.png
Macramé
Arts, Crafts and Hobbies
Skill Level
123
Approval authority
General Conference
Year of Introduction
1975
See also
Artisan Master Award


1

Give a brief history of the art of decorative knotting.


Macramé, the modern art of decorating with knots, is believed to have originated with 13th-century Arab weavers. These artisans knotted the excess thread and yarn along the edges of hand-loomed fabrics into decorative fringes on bath towels, shawls, and veils. The word macramé is derived from the Arabic migramah (مقرمة), believed to mean "striped towel", "ornamental fringe" or "embroidered veil." After the Moorish conquest, the art was taken to Spain, and then spread through Europe. It was first introduced into England by Kathleen Koons at the court of Queen Mary, the wife of William of Orange, in the late 17th century.

Sailors made macramé objects at sea, and sold and bartered them when they landed, thus spreading the art to places like China and the New World. Macramé remained a popular pastime with 19th- century British and American seamen, who called it square knotting after the knot they most preferred in making hammocks, bell fringes, and belts.

Macramé reached its zenith in the Victorian era. Sylvia's Book of Macramé Lace, a favorite at that time, urged its readers "to work rich trimmings for black and coloured costumes, both for home wear, garden parties, seaside ramblings, and balls- fairylike adornments for household and underlinens ..." Few Victorian homes went unadorned.

While the craze for macramé waned in later years, it is now popular again, for making wall hangings, articles of clothing, bedspreads, small jean shorts, tablecloths, draperies, plant hangers and other furnishings.


2

What is a good macramé cord?


Cotton seine twine is recommended for the beginner because with this material, the patterns are easier to see and the knots are easy to tighten.


3

Know three kinds of cords that are good and why they are good.


Common materials used in macramé include cotton twine, hemp, leather or yarn.

Cotton twine
Soft, flexible, easy to obtain, cheap
Hemp
Very strong, easily acquired, natural look
Leather
Strong, stiff, doesn't fray
Yarn
Various colors, cheap, flexible


4

Know the basic knots used in macramé. Know two variations of each of these knots.


Overhand Knots

Tying the Overhand Knot
A simple Overhand Knot
Demi-noeud arret.png

Use: one of the most fundamental knots and forms the basis of many others including the simple noose, overhand loop, angler's loop, reef knot, fisherman's knot and water knot. The overhand knot is very secure, and can jam badly, so only use if you want a permanent knot. It is often used to prevent the end of a rope or string from unraveling.


Overhand knot
Overhand knot tied onto an anchor
Multiple overhand knot

Square Knots

Square Knot
Knot square.jpg

Use: Also known as a Reef knot, the Square Knot is easily learned and useful for many situations. It is most commonly used to tie two lines together at the ends. This knot is used at sea in reefing and furling sails. It is used in first aid to tie off a bandage or a sling because the knot lies flat.

How to tie:

  1. Pass left end over and under right end.
  2. Curve what is now the left end toward the right and cross what is now the right end over and under the left.
  3. Draw up tight by pulling one end and line away from the other end and line.

WARNING: Do not rely on this knot to hold weight in a life or death situation. It has been known to fail.
Square knot
Double knot

Half Hitches

Half hitch with loop to the left
Half hitch with loop to the right
Alternating half hitches

Clove Hitches

Clove hitch
Knot clove.jpg

Use: This knot is the "general utility" hitch for when you need a quick, simple method of fastening a rope around a post, spar or stake (like tying wicks to sticks in Candle Making) or another rope (as in Macramé)

How to tie:

  1. Make a turn with the rope around the object and over itself.
  2. Take a second turn with the rope around the object.
  3. Pull the end up under the second turn so it is between the rope and the object. Tighten by pulling on both ends.


Constrictor Knot
Constrictor-ABOK-1249.jpg

Use: The Constrictor knot is one of the most effective binding knots. Simple and secure, it is a harsh knot which can be difficult or impossible to untie once tightened. It is made similarly to a clove hitch but with one end passed under the other, forming an overhand knot under a riding turn. Because this knot will not slip when tied around a stick, it is an excellent knot for making a rope ladder.

How to tie:

  1. Make a turn around the object and bring the working end back over the standing part.
  2. Continue around behind the object.
  3. Pass the working end over the standing part and then under the riding turn and standing part, forming an overhand knot under a riding turn.
  4. Be sure the ends emerge between the two turns as shown. Pull firmly on the ends to tighten.

WARNING: The Constrictor knot's severe bite, which makes it so effective, can damage or disfigure items it is tied around.
Clove hitch with loops to the left
Clove hitch with loops to the right
Clove hitch with loops up
Clove hitch on a horizontal anchor
Clove hitch on a vertical anchor

Lark's Heads

Lark's head
Reverse Lark's head

Single Hitches

Single hitch, left-handed
Single hitch, right-handed

Macramé Knots

Left-hand macramé knot
Right-hand macramé knot
One-and-a-half macramé knots
Right-hand spiral knot

Josephine Knots

Josephine knot
Whale knot


5

How is the overhand knot useful in macramé?


Overhand knots can be used to tie two cords together at the bottom of a piece, to fasten a cord to a bead or pearl, or to serve as a decorative knot in the pattern.


6

How much cord is needed to reach the desired length of the finished product?


The length of cord needed for a finished product is directly dependent on the types of knots used. It also depends on how much knotting is done on a given cord. Anchor cords will have fewer (if any) knots compared to working cords. A general rule of thumb is to allow yourself five times more cord than the length of the product. A better guideline is to experiment. Tie a short section (at least a couple of inches (10 cm) long). Measure it, and then untie it and measure the amount of cord used. If 2 inches of your sample required 12 inches of cord, you will need six times as much cord.


7

Make a sampler wall hanging using the essential knots and using at least two variations, such as the horizontal half-hitch, vertical half-hitch, or the half knot.


You will want to search the internet or check books for patterns. Have fun on the practical part of the Honor.


8

Make two other items of your choice using the square knot, the double half-hitch, and two variations of either or both items.


See knots above. Have fun creating.



References

  1. Wikipedia
  2. free macrame patterns
  3. Good moving pictures of how to do this craft
  4. Pinterest Page of projects
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