Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Drumming & Percussion/Answer Key"

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{{Unreferenced|date=May 2007}}
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<!-- 1. Write a one page paper demonstrating your knowledge of how a drum corps can be used to minister within your:<br>a. local church <br>b. community -->
  
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{{otheruses4|the percussion unit of a marching band|the 2002 film|Drumline (film)}}
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<!--T:3-->
 +
A drum corps within the local church can build excitement among the youth and make them enthusiastic about being in the church. It effectively dispels the "church is not cool" myth.
  
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A '''drumline''' or '''drum line''' is an [[athletic]] section of [[percussion instrument]]s usually played as part of a marching ensemble.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://store.drumbum.com/drums/drums-glossary.htm |publisher = Drum Bum |accessdate = 2007-11-30 }}</ref> Drumlines are usually incorporated into high school or college [[marching band]]s, [[drum and bugle corps]] or [[drum and lyre corps]], [[indoor percussion ensemble]]s, and [[pipe band]]s, but also can exist independent of these ensembles.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b |publisher = Drum Major Resource Center |accessdate = 2007-12-5 }}</ref>  The term '''battery''' is used to refer to a specific part of the '''drumline'''. The '''battery''' is the drum section that marches on the field as a group. The battery usually consists of snare drums, bass drums, tenor drums, and cymbals.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b |publisher = Drum Major Resource Center |accessdate = 2007-12-5 }}</ref> Stationary percussion within a marching ensemble is called the ''[[front ensemble]]'' or ''pit''.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b |publisher = Drum Major Resource Center |accessdate = 2007-12-5 }}</ref> This also describes the area where those percussion instruments are set on the field.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b |publisher = Drum Major Resource Center |accessdate = 2007-12-5 }}</ref>
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<!--T:4-->
 +
A drum corps that performs in the community raises the community's awareness of the local church in a positive way. A drum corps may be the first contact an individual within the community has had with the church. Though this is unlikely to make a person think "Hey, I ought to start going to church" and show up the next Sabbath, it will give them a positive association so that when a subsequent contact is made (such as an invitation to an evangelistic event or a health seminar), it is more likely to be met with success.
 +
Also it helps marchers stay in step.
  
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== Instruments in a Drumline ==
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<!-- 2. What are the four families of rudiments? -->
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*'''Rolls'''
 +
*'''Diddles'''
 +
*'''Flams'''
 +
*'''Drags'''
  
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[[Image:Drum Line Dorito.jpg|thumb|Right|The [[Eagle High School]] drumline.]]
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<!-- 3. Be able to name five rudiments from each of the four families of rudiments. -->
 +
===Rolls=== <!--T:46-->
 +
==== Single Stroke Roll Rudiments ====
 +
The single-stroke roll consists of alternating sticking (i.e., <tt>RLRL</tt>, etc.) of indeterminate speed and length.
  
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Drumlines typically consist of marching [[snare drum]]s, [[tenor drum]]s, [[Bass drum#Marching bass drums|bass drum]]s, and – less universally – [[cymbal]]s.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b |publisher = Drum Major Resource Center |accessdate = 2007-12-5 }}</ref> In the past, marching [[timpani]] were common before the adoption of the front ensemble, as were marching keyboard percussion instruments such as [[glockenspiel]]s and [[xylophone]]s. Marching [[steelpan]]s are rarely part of drumlines due to issues with volume and durability, and are typically used in large ensembles with only steelpans.
+
<!--T:7-->
 +
{|class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
!align="center"|No.
 +
!align="center"|Name
 +
!align="center"|Notation
 +
!align="center"|Description
 +
|-
 +
|1.
 +
|Single Stroke Roll
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|[[File:1 single stroke roll.svg|120px]]
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|Evenly-spaced notes played with alternating sticking. Though usually played fast, even half notes with alternating sticking would be considered a single stroke roll.
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|-
 +
|2.
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|Single Stroke Four
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|[[Image:2 single stroke four.gif]]
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|Four notes played with alternating sticking, usually as a triplet followed by a strong beat (as in the picture) or as three grace notes before a downbeat (like a ruff).
 +
|-
 +
|3.
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|Single Stroke Seven
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|[[Image:3 single stroke seven.gif]]
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|Seven notes played with alternating sticking, usually as sextuplet followed by a strong beat.  
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
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=== Snares: March on the field===
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===Multiple bounce roll rudiments=== <!--T:8-->
 +
{|class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
!align="center"|No.
 +
!align="center"|Name
 +
!align="center"|Notation
 +
!align="center"|Description
 +
|-
 +
|4.
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|Multiple Bounce Roll
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|[[Image:4 multiple bounce roll.gif]]
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|Alternating handed strokes with no specific number of bounces. Should sound even and continuous. Also called "buzz roll."
 +
|-
 +
|5.
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|Triple Stroke Roll
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|[[Image:5 triple stroke roll.gif]]
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|Each stroke can be bounced (a controlled sticking using a combination of wrist and fingers) or wristed (using only the wrist for the movement). <!-- needs explanation, perhaps a glossary on this article? --> Also called a "French roll." Using the combination of wrist/fingers constitutes what is called the "Moeller" technique.
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
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[[Image:17ton.jpg|thumb|Right|A drumline with sling-harness snares.]]
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===Double stroke open roll rudiments=== <!--T:9-->
  
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Marching [[snare drum]]s have high tension heads typically made of [[Kevlar]] or [[PET film (biaxially oriented)|PET film]]. In the past, snares were typically carried with slings, and because of the tilt performers used [[traditional grip]]. Most modern snare drums have rigid over-the-shoulder harnesses that hold the drum with the playing surface parallel to the ground, which affords the option of performing with [[matched grip]]. However there are many groups that are returning to a slight tilt in order to make using [[traditional grip]] more comfortable for the players.<ref>{{cite book |last=Casella |first=Jim |title=Green Beats 06-07|year=2006|publisher=Tapspace Publications LLC and The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps|pages=12-13}}</ref>
+
<!--T:10-->
 +
The double stroke roll is a rudiment consisting of alternating diddles (i.e., <tt>RR</tt>, <tt>LL</tt>, etc.) of indeterminate speed and length. There are 10 official variants of the double-stroke roll (see below).
 +
{|class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
!align="center"|No.
 +
!align="center"|Name
 +
!align="center"|Notation
 +
!align="center"|Description
 +
|-
 +
|6.
 +
|Double Stroke Open Roll
 +
|[[Image:6 double stroke open roll.gif]]
 +
|Like the single-stroke roll, usually played fast, but even when played slowly, alternating diddles are considered a double stroke roll. Played so each individual note can be heard distinctly.
 +
|-
 +
|7.
 +
|Five Stroke Roll
 +
|[[Image:7 five stroke roll.gif]]
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|Two diddles followed by an accented note.
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|-
 +
|8.
 +
|Six Stroke Roll
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|[[Image:8 six stroke roll.gif]]
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|Unlike most other double stroke rudiments, the six stroke roll begins with an accented single note. Then it is followed by the diddles and another accented note.
 +
|-
 +
|9.
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|Seven Stroke Roll
 +
|[[Image:9 seven stroke roll.gif]]
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|Three diddles followed by an accented note.  
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|-
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|10.
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|Nine Stroke Roll
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|[[Image:10 nine stroke roll.gif]]
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|Four diddles followed by an accented note.
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|-
 +
|11.
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|Ten Stroke Roll
 +
|[[Image:11 ten stroke roll.gif]]
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|Four diddles followed by two accented notes.
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|-
 +
|12.
 +
|Eleven Stroke Roll
 +
|[[Image:12 eleven stroke roll.gif]]
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|Five diddles followed by an accented note.
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|-
 +
|13.
 +
|Thirteen Stroke Roll
 +
|[[Image:13 thirteen stroke roll.gif]]
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|Six diddles followed by an accented note.
 +
|-
 +
|14.
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|Fifteen Stroke Roll
 +
|[[Image:14 fifteen stroke roll.gif]]
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|Seven diddles followed by an accented note.
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|-
 +
|15.
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|Seventeen Stroke Roll
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|[[Image:15 seventeen stroke roll.gif]]
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|Eight diddles followed by an accented note.
 +
|}
  
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Snare parts are typically unison and provide the center rhythm of the drumline. The snare drum line is the center of tempo in the ensemble, and the "center snare", a position typically held by the most experienced snare drummer, is responsible for maintaining the tempo. When rehearsing or performing, the center snare may "tap off" the ensemble, setting the tempo with a solo rhythm.
+
=== Diddle rudiments === <!--T:11-->
 +
In percussion, a diddle consists of two consecutive notes played by the same hand (either RR or LL). Compare to the [[#Drag rudiments|drag]], which also consists of two consecutive notes played by the same hand.
 +
 
 +
<!--T:12-->
 +
The paradiddle is a rudiment consisting of a four-note pattern of the form <tt>RLRR</tt> or <tt>LRLL</tt>. When multiple paradiddles are played in succession, the first note always alternates between right and left. There are also several official variations of paradiddle rudiments. Paradiddles are often used to switch hands while playing steady notes. For example, if steadily playing sixteenth notes, with right hand lead (<tt>RLRL</tt>, etc.), then wanting to end on a drum to the left of the current drum, he may stick it as follows: <tt>RLRL RLRL RLRL RLRR L</tt> with the final left tap on the ending drum.
 +
 
 +
<!--T:13-->
 +
{|class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
!align="center"|No.
 +
!align="center"|Name
 +
!align="center"|Notation
 +
!align="center"|Description
 +
|-
 +
|16.
 +
|Single Paradiddle
 +
|[[Image:16 single paradiddle.gif]]
 +
|Two alternating notes followed by a diddle.
 +
|-
 +
|17.
 +
|Double Paradiddle
 +
|[[Image:17 double paradiddle.gif]]
 +
|Four alternating notes followed by a diddle.
 +
|-
 +
|18.
 +
|Triple Paradiddle
 +
|[[Image:18 triple paradiddle.svg|160px]]
 +
|Six alternating notes followed by a diddle.
 +
|-
 +
|19.
 +
|Paradiddle-Diddle
 +
|[[Image:19 paradiddle diddle.gif]]
 +
|Two alternating taps followed by two alternating diddles.
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
=== Flam rudiments === <!--T:14-->
 +
A flam is a rudiment consisting of a quiet "grace" note on one hand followed by a louder "primary" stroke on the opposite hand. The two notes are played almost simultaneously, and are intended to sound like a single, 'broader' note.
 +
 
 +
<!--T:15-->
 +
{|class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
!align="center"|No.
 +
!align="center"|Name
 +
!align="center"|Notation
 +
!align="center"|Description
 +
|-
 +
|20.
 +
|Flam
 +
|[[Image:20 flam.gif]]
 +
|A single primary note note preceded by a grace note which is played with the opposite hand. The temporal distance between the grace note and the primary note can vary depending on the style and context of the piece being played.
 +
|-
 +
|21.
 +
|Flam Accent
 +
|
 +
|Alternating groups of three notes of the form [Flam - tap - tap].
 +
|-
 +
|22.
 +
|Flam Tap
 +
|[[Image:22 flam tap.gif]]
 +
|Alternating diddles with flams on the first note of each.
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|-
 +
|23.
 +
|Flamacue
 +
|[[Image:23 flamacue.gif]]
 +
|A group of four notes and an ending downbeat, where the first note and the down beat are flammed, and the second note is accented.
 +
|-
 +
|24.
 +
|Flam Paradiddle</td>
 +
|[[Image:24 flam paradiddle.gif]]
 +
|A paradiddle with a flam on the first note.
 +
|-
 +
|25.
 +
|Single Flammed Mill
 +
|[[Image:25 single flammed mill.gif]]
 +
|An inverted paradiddle (<tt>RRLR</tt>, <tt>LLRL</tt>) with a flam on the first note of each diddle.
 +
|-
 +
|26.
 +
|Flam Paradiddle-diddle
 +
|[[Image:26 flam paradiddle diddle.gif]]
 +
|Alternating paradiddle-diddles with flams on the first note of each.
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|-
 +
|27.
 +
|Pataflafla
 +
|[[Image:27 pata flafla.gif]]
 +
|A four-note pattern with flams on the first and last notes.
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|-
 +
|28.
 +
|Swiss Army Triplet
 +
|[[Image:28 swiss army triplet.gif]]
 +
|A right hand flam followed by a right tap and a left tap, or (using a left hand lead) a left hand flam followed by a left tap and a right tap. <ref>[http://www.vicfirth.com/education/rudiments/28swissarmytriplet.html Swiss Army Triplet Example on VicFirth.com''] Accessed 8/11/2007.</ref> It is often used in the place of a flam accent, since repeated flam accents will have three taps on the same hand in a row, where repeated swiss army triplets only involve two taps on the same hand.
 +
|-
 +
|29.
 +
|Inverted Flam Tap
 +
|[[Image:29 inverted flam tap.gif]]
 +
|Alternating diddles (offset by one sixteenth note) with a flam on the second note of each diddle.
 +
|-
 +
|30.
 +
|Flam Drag
 +
|[[Image:30 flam drag.gif]]
 +
|Alternating groups of three notes of the form [flam - drag - tap].
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
=== Drag rudiments === <!--T:16-->
 +
 
 +
<!--T:17-->
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{|class="wikitable"
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|-
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!align="center"|No.
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!align="center"|Name
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!align="center"|Notation
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!align="center"|Description
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|-
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|31.
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|Drag
 +
|[[Image:31 drag.gif]]
 +
|A drag consists of two consecutive notes played by the same hand (either <tt>RR</tt> or <tt>LL</tt>). This is similar to the diddle, except that by convention diddles are played the same speed as the context in which they are placed, where drags are played at twice the speed as the context in which they are placed. For example, if a sixteenth note passage is being played then any drags in that passage would by definition be thirty-second notes, where diddles would be sixteenth notes. Drags can also be played as grace notes. When played as grace notes on [[timpani]], the grace notes are alternated (<tt>rlR</tt>, <tt>lrL</tt>). <ref name=nasatir>{{cite web
 +
|url= http://www.keynotesmagazine.com/article.php?uid=120
 +
|title= Too Many Rudiments?
 +
|accessdate= February 3 2008
 +
|dateformat= mdy
 +
|last= Nasatir
 +
|first= Cary
 +
|publisher= Conn-Selmer Keynotes
 +
}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
<!--T:18-->
 +
Continuously playing alternating drags (or diddles) results in a double-stroke roll.
 +
 
 +
<!--T:19-->
 +
A similar rudiment is the ruff, which is a note with three grace notes, but they are usually alternated <ref name=nasatir />
 +
|-
 +
|32.
 +
|Single Drag Tap
 +
|[[Image:32 single drag tap.gif]]
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|A single drag tap is two alternating notes where the first note has drag grace notes and the second is accented.
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|-
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|33.
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|Double Drag Tap
 +
|[[Image:33 double drag tap.gif]]
 +
|A double drag tap is a single drag tap with another grace note drag before it.
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|-
 +
|34.
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|Lesson 25
 +
|[[Image:34 lesson 25.gif]]
 +
|A lesson 25 is three alternating notes where the first note has drag grace notes and the third is accented.
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|-
 +
|35.
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|Single Dragadiddle
 +
|[[Image:35 single dragadiddle.gif]]
 +
|A single dragadiddle is a paradiddle where the first note is a drag.
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|-
 +
|36.
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|Drag Paradiddle #1
 +
|[[Image:36 drag paradiddle 1.gif]]
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|The first drag paradiddle is an accented note followed by a paradiddle with drag grace notes on the first note.
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|-
 +
|37.
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|Drag Paradiddle #2
 +
|
 +
||The second drag paradiddle is two accented notes followed by a paradiddle with drag grace notes on the second accented note and the first note of the paradiddle.
 +
|-
 +
|38.
 +
|Single Ratamacue
 +
|[[Image:38 single ratamacue.gif]]
 +
|A single ratamacue consists of four notes where the first note has drag grace notes and the fourth is accented.
 +
|-
 +
|39.
 +
|Double Ratamacue
 +
|[[Image:39 double ratamacue.gif]]
 +
|A double ratamacue consists of a single ratamacue with a drag before it.
 +
|-
 +
|40.
 +
|Triple Ratamacue
 +
|[[Image:40 triple ratamacue.gif]]
 +
||A triple ratamacue consists of a single ratamacue with two drags before it.
 +
|}
 +
 
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<!-- 4. Demonstrate ability to keep in step with the drum corps by taking part in at least one outreach program. (ex. Pathfinder Day, Conference or Local church sponsored event) -->
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Songs that are marches are written in either 2/4, or more commonly, 4/4 time. When marching to such a song, the left foot leads and always hits the ground on an odd beat, while the right foot hits the ground on an even beat. Count the beats in your head as you march, "1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4" etc. The left foot touches the ground on each 1 and 3. The right foot touches on each 2 and 4. If you find you are out of step, a quick hop (where the feet do not cross one another) can quickly get you back into step. But staying in step is a lot easier than getting back in step once you're out, so pay attention!
 +
 
 +
<!--T:21-->
 +
The outreach program will be something like a parade in which your drum corps marches. This will call for a class A uniform, so make sure it is clean and pressed!
 +
 
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<!-- 5. What is the difference between drum carriers and drum straps? Demonstrate with drum equipment in a formation. -->
 +
Drum straps are basically a strap across your body. Drum carriers are frontal LINK: http://www.google.com/products/catalog?q=snare+drum+harness&hl=en&prmd=imvns&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&ion=1&biw=1280&bih=642&um=1&ie=UTF-8&tbm=shop&cid=9962442093029923537&sa=X&ei=Ig0aT5zKLOLs2AXduMX8Cw&ved=0CJkBEPICMAQ
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<!-- 6. What are the seven essential rudiments? Why are they essential? -->
 +
;1. Single Stroke Roll:
 +
;2. Multiple Bounce Roll:
 +
;3. Double Stroke Open Roll:
 +
;4. Five Stroke Roll:
 +
;5. Single Paradiddle:
 +
;6. Flam:
 +
;7. Drag:
 +
 
 +
<!--T:24-->
 +
Each rudiment as listed in the order above indicates the level of advancements once one begins to learn the rudiment families. Each rudiment builds on the knowledge of prior rudiments. With the addition of strokes, accents, and a combination of two or more rudiments, new rudiments are developed. Learning how to play rudiments in this fashion will assist the player in understanding the basic concepts of drumming.
  
−
=== Tenors: March on the field ===
+
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<!-- 7. What is the difference between playing open vs. closed? -->
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<!-- 8. Using the open/closed method, demonstrate your knowledge of the seven essential rudiments. Execute: Open to Closed to Open -->
  
−
[[Image:UVa-Marching-Band.jpg|right|thumb|A tenor drummer in the [[Cavalier Marching Band]].]]
+
<!--T:26-->
 +
Open, closed, open is a technique of playing snare drum rudiments, especially used during auditions.
  
−
Contemporary [[tenor drum]]s (also called ''toms'', ''quads'', ''quints'', or ''sextets'') single-headed tonal drums mounted four to six to a set. Tenor players add pitch variety to the drumline with drums of different sizes and tuning. Tenor players use [[matched grip]], and generally play with mallets with plastic disc-shaped heads, though traditional drumsticks and softer mallets are commonly used to achieve different [[timbre]]s.<ref>{{cite book |last=Casella |first=Jim |title=Green Beats 06-07|year=2006|publisher=Tapspace Publications LLC and The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps|pages=12-13}}</ref> Tenor drummers typically play in unison. The Tenor's part in the song/cadence usually consists of a combination of the snare drum part and the bass drum part. Recently, multiple percussion programs have experimented with "split" parts, meaning that the parts are not in unison. Some examples include Rhythm X's quad feature from 2007 and Revolution's snare feature from 2007.
+
<!--T:27-->
 +
Open, closed, open technique consists of beginning the rudiment very slow and controlled, speeding up evenly until at the maximum speed for the drummer, then slowing back down after maintaining that speed. Optimally, the drummer should end on the opposite hand as started, in case of alternating rudiments such as paradiddles. Also, the speed ended at should be approximately the same speed as the drummer began.
  
−
=== Basses: March on the field ===
+
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<!-- 9. What is the difference between traditional style and matched style stick holding? Demonstrate each style by playing a sequence consisting of no less than three rudiments. -->
 +
{| border=0 align=center
 +
|[[File:Drumstick mached grip.jpg|thumb|300px|Matched grip]]
 +
|[[File:Drumstick regular grip.jpg|thumb|300px|Traditional grip]]
 +
|}
 +
In the past, snares were typically carried with slings, and due to the discomfort of this angle for the left hand, traditional grip was created. Most modern snare drums have rigid over-the-shoulder harnesses that hold the drum with the playing surface parallel to the ground, which affords the option of performing with matched grip. The term ''matched grip'' is used because both hands are in the same position (matched). However there are many groups that are returning to a slight tilt in order to make using traditional grip more comfortable for the players.
  
−
[[Image:Cavaliers Bassque 2006.jpg|right|thumb|A five bass drum line from the [[Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps]].]]
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<!-- 10. What is the difference between drumsticks used for a drum corps and those used for a percussion drum set? -->
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Snare drum sticks may be designed for use in particular performance contexts. Sticks that are smaller in diameter or balanced farther towards the tip may be intended for orchestral playing that requires fine control and soft dynamics. Sticks for street playing (e.g. drum corps and marching bands) are almost always thick and weighty, to promote extended production of sound at extreme dynamics.
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Easy Answer:
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Drum Corp: Heavy and thick
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Drum Set: Light and thin usually with laminated top
  
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Marching bass drums are most frequently used as tonal drums split between several percussionists. Each drummer plays a unique part, though the entire bass drum part is conceived as a whole. Marching bass drums, which produce the deepest sound in the battery, are larger drums carried on harnesses with the heads facing the front and back sidelines. The musicians carrying the bass drums typically line up in size order. Bass drummers use mallets with rounded or cylindrical heads often made of hard [[felt]]. Small bass drum lines typically consist of four or five members to ensure enough for a melody, and large lines can have eight or more drummers.
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<!-- 11. What are the sections that make up a drum corps? -->
  
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=== Cymbals: March on the field ===
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There are five primary sections that make up a drum corp/drumline. They are as follows: Cymbal Section, Snare Line, Tenor Line(including Tri/Quads/Quints), Bass Line, and the Pit.
  
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Marching [[cymbal]]s are typically pairs of [[crash cymbals]] played in a variety of ways. Cymbals are [[bronze]] with leather carrying straps. Players in cymbal lines may all carry the same size and type of cymbal, or a variety of instruments may be used. Cymbals are played being held before the body, in unison or split parts. In addition to being played by the cymbalists, snare drummers may play on the cymbals as [[ride cymbals]] or like [[hi-hat]]s, thus there is typically a minimum of one cymbalist for every two snare drummers. Cymbals are also used for visual effects due to their reflectiveness while twirling or spinning them. Many contemporary field ensembles do not utilize a cymbal line, as cymbals are played in the front ensemble.
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<!--T:32-->
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Note: Some drum corps/drumlines may opt to use a multi-tenor setup instead of having a single tenor, but they would still fall under the tenor line catergory.
  
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=== Front ensemble: Stationary and usually on the sideline ===
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{{main|Front ensemble}}
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<!-- 12. Based on the previous question, what purpose does each section serve? -->
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===Snare Drums=== <!--T:63-->
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Snare parts are typically unison and provide the center rhythm of the drumline. The snare drum line is the center of tempo in the ensemble, and the "center snare", a position typically held by the most experienced snare drummer, is responsible for maintaining the tempo. When rehearsing or performing, the center snare may "tap off" the ensemble, setting the tempo with a solo rhythm.
  
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The [[front ensemble]] (also called the ''pit'') can include any [[percussion instrument]].<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b |publisher = Drum Major Resource Center |accessdate = 2007-12-5 }}</ref> Typical front ensembles include mallet instruments such as [[marimba]]s, [[xylophone]]s, [[glockenspiel]]s and [[vibraphone]]s, [[timpani]], cymbals, concert [[bass drum]]s, [[gong]]s or [[tam-tam]]s, [[tom-tom drum]]s, and a variety of concert and world percussion instruments.<ref>{{cite book |last=Casella |first=Jim |title=Green Beats 06-07|year=2006|publisher=Tapspace Publications LLC and The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps|pages=44-47}}</ref> Instruments may be mechanically or electronically [[amplifier|amplified]]. Some competitive circuits also allow electronic instruments such as [[synthesizer]]s and [[bass guitar]]s, which are typically part of the front ensemble. This wide selection of instruments allows for great [[timbre]] variety. Most front ensembles centered in front of the front sideline of an [[American football#Field and players|American football field]].
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===Tenor Drums=== <!--T:34-->
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Contemporary tenor drums (also called toms, tri-toms, quads, quints, squints, or sextets) are single-headed tonal drums. There are usually four to six drums in a set, but there can be as few as one or as many as seven. Tenor players add pitch variety to the drumline with drums of different sizes and tuning.  
  
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== External links ==
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===Cymbals=== <!--T:35-->
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Marching cymbals are typically pairs of crash cymbals played in a variety of ways. Cymbals are bronze with leather carrying straps. Players in cymbal lines may all carry the same size and type of cymbal, or a variety of instruments may be used. Cymbals are played being held before the body, in unison or split parts. In addition to being played by the cymbalists, snare drummers may play on the cymbals as ride cymbals or like hi-hats, thus there is typically a minimum of one cymbalist for every two snare drummers. Cymbals are also used for visual effects due to their reflectiveness while twirling or spinning them. Many contemporary field ensembles do not utilize a cymbal line, as cymbals are played in the front ensemble.
  
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* [http://www.drumlines.org/ Drumline Discussion Board]
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===Bass Drums=== <!--T:36-->
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* [http://videos.percussionmedia.com/ PercussionMedia] - Huge collection of drumline/percussion videos
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Marching bass drums are most frequently used as tonal drums split between several percussionists. Each drummer plays a unique part, though the entire bass drum part is conceived as a whole. Marching bass drums, which produce the deepest sound in the battery, are larger drums carried on harnesses with the heads facing the front and back sidelines. The musicians carrying the bass drums typically line up in size order. Bass drummers use mallets with rounded or cylindrical heads often made of hard felt. Small bass drum lines typically consist of four or five members to ensure enough for a melody, and large lines can have eight or more drummers. Sometimes, in smaller bands, one may see only 2 or 3 bass drummers perform, when this happens, sometimes a bass drummer is required to play 2 or 3 bass drum parts to ensure full sound. In very small bands, one may only see one bass drum witch takes the place of 3 to 4 bass drums.
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* [http://www.shotdrum.com/ Shot Drum] - Large collection of drumline videos
 
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* [http://www.dci.org/index.cfm/ Drum Corps International (DCI)]
 
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* [http://vicfirth.com/ Vic Firth Website] - Lots of videos and online lessons of Vic Firth Sponsored Artists
 
  
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== Notes and References ==
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===Pit=== <!--T:37-->
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Pit plays all the percussive instruments in the band. The pit usually plays the marimba, vibraphone, xylophone, chimes, electric keyboard, and bells. They also play the suspended cymbal and other "auxiliary" instruments such as bongos, tambourine, cowbell, anvil, and bass drum and gong. The pit usually is the main melody in marching band, especially in drum corp. The keyboards have a different "utensil" for making sound. They use a mallet which is held the same way as a drum stick. It is also possible to hold two mallets in each hand, four mallet technique, and three mallers in each hand, very rare but the six mallet technique. More info will be provided when the PERCUSSION HONOR is made.
  
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#{{note_label|motto||1}}{{cite web | title=Drum Bum | publisher=Drumbum | accessdate=2007-11-30 | url=http://store.drumbum.com/drums/drums-glossary.htm}}
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<!--T:64-->
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#{{note_label|motto||2}}{{cite web | title=Marching Dictionary | publisher=Drum Major Resource Center | accessdate=2007-12-5 | url=http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b}}
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#{{note_label|motto||3}}{{cite web | title=Marching Dictionary | publisher=Drum Major Resource Center | accessdate=2007-12-5 | url=http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b}}
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#{{note_label|motto||5}}{{cite web | title=Marching Dictionary | publisher=Drum Major Resource Center | accessdate=2007-12-5 | url=http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b}}
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<noinclude><translate><!--T:65-->
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#{{note_label|motto||6}}{{cite web | title=Marching Dictionary | publisher=Drum Major Resource Center | accessdate=2007-12-5 | url=http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b}}
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</noinclude>
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#{{note_label|motto||7}}* {{cite book
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<!-- 13. Show the various types of protective devices used to secure drum corps equipment. -->
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|last=Casella
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|title=Green Beats 06-07
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|publisher=Tapspace Publications LLC and The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps}}
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#{{note_label|motto||8}}* {{cite book
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<!-- 14. What are the various types and sizes of drumsticks used for a drum corps? -->
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|last=Casella
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There are different sizes of drum sticks for each situation, designated by a letter and number, e.g. 2b and 5b are thicker, while 5a and 7a are smaller. The number in the designation corresponds to the length of the stick, with smaller numbers being longer sticks, and the letter corresponds to the diameter or gauge of the stick, with the further along the alphabet the thicker the stick, so "b" is larger than "a".
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|year=2006
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{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=15}}
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|publisher=Tapspace Publications LLC and The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps}}
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<noinclude><translate><!--T:67-->
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#{{note_label|motto||9}}{{cite web | title=Marching Dictionary | publisher=Drum Major Resource Center | accessdate=2007-12-5 | url=http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b}}
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</noinclude>
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#{{note_label|motto||10}}* {{cite book
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<!-- 15. Know what tools and equipment used for drum practice sessions. -->
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|last=Casella
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For Practice you would use a Practice pad.
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|first=Jim
 
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|title=Green Beats 06-07
 
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|year=2006
 
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|publisher=Tapspace Publications LLC and The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps}}
 
  
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{{Rudimental Percussion}}
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==References:== <!--T:39-->
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*Drums for Dummies by Jeff Strong (Paperback - Sep 29, 2001)
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*[http://www.dci.org Drum Corps International (www.dci.org)]
  
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[[Category:Musical groups]]
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*Drum Corps Ministry Manual (Paperback - 2008)
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[[Category:Percussion ensembles]]
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*by Gregory M. Carmichael
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[[Category:Rudimental Percussion]]
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*[http://www.adventsource.org Advent''Source'' (www.adventsource.org)]
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[[Category:Drum and bugle corps]]
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*[http://www.adventsource.org/as30/store-productDetails.aspx?ID=35791 (Direct link to Manual)]
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[[de:Drumline]]
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*catalog: #001073
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*Han Baker: Pathfinder and Percussionist
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==References== <!--T:40-->
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{{reflist}}
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{{CloseHonorPage}}

Latest revision as of 16:21, 14 July 2022

Other languages:
English • ‎español • ‎français
Drumming & Percussion

Skill Level

2

Year

2006

Version

01.12.2024

Approval authority

General Conference

Drumming and Percussion AY Honor.png
Drumming & Percussion
Recreation
Skill Level
123
Approval authority
General Conference
Year of Introduction
2006
See also
Recreation Master Award
Drumming & Percussion - Advanced


1

Write a one page paper demonstrating your knowledge of how a drum corps can be used to minister within your:
a. local church
b. community


A drum corps within the local church can build excitement among the youth and make them enthusiastic about being in the church. It effectively dispels the "church is not cool" myth.

A drum corps that performs in the community raises the community's awareness of the local church in a positive way. A drum corps may be the first contact an individual within the community has had with the church. Though this is unlikely to make a person think "Hey, I ought to start going to church" and show up the next Sabbath, it will give them a positive association so that when a subsequent contact is made (such as an invitation to an evangelistic event or a health seminar), it is more likely to be met with success. Also it helps marchers stay in step.


2

What are the four families of rudiments?


  • Rolls
  • Diddles
  • Flams
  • Drags


3

Be able to name five rudiments from each of the four families of rudiments.


Rolls

Single Stroke Roll Rudiments

The single-stroke roll consists of alternating sticking (i.e., RLRL, etc.) of indeterminate speed and length.

No. Name Notation Description
1. Single Stroke Roll 1 single stroke roll.svg Evenly-spaced notes played with alternating sticking. Though usually played fast, even half notes with alternating sticking would be considered a single stroke roll.
2. Single Stroke Four 2 single stroke four.gif Four notes played with alternating sticking, usually as a triplet followed by a strong beat (as in the picture) or as three grace notes before a downbeat (like a ruff).
3. Single Stroke Seven 3 single stroke seven.gif Seven notes played with alternating sticking, usually as sextuplet followed by a strong beat.

Multiple bounce roll rudiments

No. Name Notation Description
4. Multiple Bounce Roll 4 multiple bounce roll.gif Alternating handed strokes with no specific number of bounces. Should sound even and continuous. Also called "buzz roll."
5. Triple Stroke Roll 5 triple stroke roll.gif Each stroke can be bounced (a controlled sticking using a combination of wrist and fingers) or wristed (using only the wrist for the movement). Also called a "French roll." Using the combination of wrist/fingers constitutes what is called the "Moeller" technique.

Double stroke open roll rudiments

The double stroke roll is a rudiment consisting of alternating diddles (i.e., RR, LL, etc.) of indeterminate speed and length. There are 10 official variants of the double-stroke roll (see below).

No. Name Notation Description
6. Double Stroke Open Roll 6 double stroke open roll.gif Like the single-stroke roll, usually played fast, but even when played slowly, alternating diddles are considered a double stroke roll. Played so each individual note can be heard distinctly.
7. Five Stroke Roll 7 five stroke roll.gif Two diddles followed by an accented note.
8. Six Stroke Roll 8 six stroke roll.gif Unlike most other double stroke rudiments, the six stroke roll begins with an accented single note. Then it is followed by the diddles and another accented note.
9. Seven Stroke Roll 9 seven stroke roll.gif Three diddles followed by an accented note.
10. Nine Stroke Roll 10 nine stroke roll.gif Four diddles followed by an accented note.
11. Ten Stroke Roll 11 ten stroke roll.gif Four diddles followed by two accented notes.
12. Eleven Stroke Roll 12 eleven stroke roll.gif Five diddles followed by an accented note.
13. Thirteen Stroke Roll 13 thirteen stroke roll.gif Six diddles followed by an accented note.
14. Fifteen Stroke Roll 14 fifteen stroke roll.gif Seven diddles followed by an accented note.
15. Seventeen Stroke Roll 15 seventeen stroke roll.gif Eight diddles followed by an accented note.

Diddle rudiments

In percussion, a diddle consists of two consecutive notes played by the same hand (either RR or LL). Compare to the drag, which also consists of two consecutive notes played by the same hand.

The paradiddle is a rudiment consisting of a four-note pattern of the form RLRR or LRLL. When multiple paradiddles are played in succession, the first note always alternates between right and left. There are also several official variations of paradiddle rudiments. Paradiddles are often used to switch hands while playing steady notes. For example, if steadily playing sixteenth notes, with right hand lead (RLRL, etc.), then wanting to end on a drum to the left of the current drum, he may stick it as follows: RLRL RLRL RLRL RLRR L with the final left tap on the ending drum.

No. Name Notation Description
16. Single Paradiddle 16 single paradiddle.gif Two alternating notes followed by a diddle.
17. Double Paradiddle 17 double paradiddle.gif Four alternating notes followed by a diddle.
18. Triple Paradiddle 18 triple paradiddle.svg Six alternating notes followed by a diddle.
19. Paradiddle-Diddle 19 paradiddle diddle.gif Two alternating taps followed by two alternating diddles.

Flam rudiments

A flam is a rudiment consisting of a quiet "grace" note on one hand followed by a louder "primary" stroke on the opposite hand. The two notes are played almost simultaneously, and are intended to sound like a single, 'broader' note.

No. Name Notation Description
20. Flam 20 flam.gif A single primary note note preceded by a grace note which is played with the opposite hand. The temporal distance between the grace note and the primary note can vary depending on the style and context of the piece being played.
21. Flam Accent Alternating groups of three notes of the form [Flam - tap - tap].
22. Flam Tap 22 flam tap.gif Alternating diddles with flams on the first note of each.
23. Flamacue 23 flamacue.gif A group of four notes and an ending downbeat, where the first note and the down beat are flammed, and the second note is accented.
24. Flam Paradiddle 24 flam paradiddle.gif A paradiddle with a flam on the first note.
25. Single Flammed Mill 25 single flammed mill.gif An inverted paradiddle (RRLR, LLRL) with a flam on the first note of each diddle.
26. Flam Paradiddle-diddle 26 flam paradiddle diddle.gif Alternating paradiddle-diddles with flams on the first note of each.
27. Pataflafla 27 pata flafla.gif A four-note pattern with flams on the first and last notes.
28. Swiss Army Triplet 28 swiss army triplet.gif A right hand flam followed by a right tap and a left tap, or (using a left hand lead) a left hand flam followed by a left tap and a right tap. & It is often used in the place of a flam accent, since repeated flam accents will have three taps on the same hand in a row, where repeated swiss army triplets only involve two taps on the same hand.
29. Inverted Flam Tap 29 inverted flam tap.gif Alternating diddles (offset by one sixteenth note) with a flam on the second note of each diddle.
30. Flam Drag 30 flam drag.gif Alternating groups of three notes of the form [flam - drag - tap].

Drag rudiments

No. Name Notation Description
31. Drag 31 drag.gif A drag consists of two consecutive notes played by the same hand (either RR or LL). This is similar to the diddle, except that by convention diddles are played the same speed as the context in which they are placed, where drags are played at twice the speed as the context in which they are placed. For example, if a sixteenth note passage is being played then any drags in that passage would by definition be thirty-second notes, where diddles would be sixteenth notes. Drags can also be played as grace notes. When played as grace notes on timpani, the grace notes are alternated (rlR, lrL). &

Continuously playing alternating drags (or diddles) results in a double-stroke roll.

A similar rudiment is the ruff, which is a note with three grace notes, but they are usually alternated &

32. Single Drag Tap 32 single drag tap.gif A single drag tap is two alternating notes where the first note has drag grace notes and the second is accented.
33. Double Drag Tap 33 double drag tap.gif A double drag tap is a single drag tap with another grace note drag before it.
34. Lesson 25 34 lesson 25.gif A lesson 25 is three alternating notes where the first note has drag grace notes and the third is accented.
35. Single Dragadiddle 35 single dragadiddle.gif A single dragadiddle is a paradiddle where the first note is a drag.
36. Drag Paradiddle #1 36 drag paradiddle 1.gif The first drag paradiddle is an accented note followed by a paradiddle with drag grace notes on the first note.
37. Drag Paradiddle #2 The second drag paradiddle is two accented notes followed by a paradiddle with drag grace notes on the second accented note and the first note of the paradiddle.
38. Single Ratamacue 38 single ratamacue.gif A single ratamacue consists of four notes where the first note has drag grace notes and the fourth is accented.
39. Double Ratamacue 39 double ratamacue.gif A double ratamacue consists of a single ratamacue with a drag before it.
40. Triple Ratamacue 40 triple ratamacue.gif A triple ratamacue consists of a single ratamacue with two drags before it.


4

Demonstrate ability to keep in step with the drum corps by taking part in at least one outreach program. (ex. Pathfinder Day, Conference or Local church sponsored event)


Songs that are marches are written in either 2/4, or more commonly, 4/4 time. When marching to such a song, the left foot leads and always hits the ground on an odd beat, while the right foot hits the ground on an even beat. Count the beats in your head as you march, "1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4" etc. The left foot touches the ground on each 1 and 3. The right foot touches on each 2 and 4. If you find you are out of step, a quick hop (where the feet do not cross one another) can quickly get you back into step. But staying in step is a lot easier than getting back in step once you're out, so pay attention!

The outreach program will be something like a parade in which your drum corps marches. This will call for a class A uniform, so make sure it is clean and pressed!


5

What is the difference between drum carriers and drum straps? Demonstrate with drum equipment in a formation.


Drum straps are basically a strap across your body. Drum carriers are frontal LINK: http://www.google.com/products/catalog?q=snare+drum+harness&hl=en&prmd=imvns&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&ion=1&biw=1280&bih=642&um=1&ie=UTF-8&tbm=shop&cid=9962442093029923537&sa=X&ei=Ig0aT5zKLOLs2AXduMX8Cw&ved=0CJkBEPICMAQ


6

What are the seven essential rudiments? Why are they essential?


1. Single Stroke Roll
2. Multiple Bounce Roll
3. Double Stroke Open Roll
4. Five Stroke Roll
5. Single Paradiddle
6. Flam
7. Drag

Each rudiment as listed in the order above indicates the level of advancements once one begins to learn the rudiment families. Each rudiment builds on the knowledge of prior rudiments. With the addition of strokes, accents, and a combination of two or more rudiments, new rudiments are developed. Learning how to play rudiments in this fashion will assist the player in understanding the basic concepts of drumming.


7

What is the difference between playing open vs. closed?



8

Using the open/closed method, demonstrate your knowledge of the seven essential rudiments. Execute: Open to Closed to Open


Open, closed, open is a technique of playing snare drum rudiments, especially used during auditions.

Open, closed, open technique consists of beginning the rudiment very slow and controlled, speeding up evenly until at the maximum speed for the drummer, then slowing back down after maintaining that speed. Optimally, the drummer should end on the opposite hand as started, in case of alternating rudiments such as paradiddles. Also, the speed ended at should be approximately the same speed as the drummer began.


9

What is the difference between traditional style and matched style stick holding? Demonstrate each style by playing a sequence consisting of no less than three rudiments.


Matched grip
Traditional grip

In the past, snares were typically carried with slings, and due to the discomfort of this angle for the left hand, traditional grip was created. Most modern snare drums have rigid over-the-shoulder harnesses that hold the drum with the playing surface parallel to the ground, which affords the option of performing with matched grip. The term matched grip is used because both hands are in the same position (matched). However there are many groups that are returning to a slight tilt in order to make using traditional grip more comfortable for the players.


10

What is the difference between drumsticks used for a drum corps and those used for a percussion drum set?


Snare drum sticks may be designed for use in particular performance contexts. Sticks that are smaller in diameter or balanced farther towards the tip may be intended for orchestral playing that requires fine control and soft dynamics. Sticks for street playing (e.g. drum corps and marching bands) are almost always thick and weighty, to promote extended production of sound at extreme dynamics. Easy Answer: Drum Corp: Heavy and thick Drum Set: Light and thin usually with laminated top


11

What are the sections that make up a drum corps?


There are five primary sections that make up a drum corp/drumline. They are as follows: Cymbal Section, Snare Line, Tenor Line(including Tri/Quads/Quints), Bass Line, and the Pit.

Note: Some drum corps/drumlines may opt to use a multi-tenor setup instead of having a single tenor, but they would still fall under the tenor line catergory.


12

Based on the previous question, what purpose does each section serve?


Snare Drums

Snare parts are typically unison and provide the center rhythm of the drumline. The snare drum line is the center of tempo in the ensemble, and the "center snare", a position typically held by the most experienced snare drummer, is responsible for maintaining the tempo. When rehearsing or performing, the center snare may "tap off" the ensemble, setting the tempo with a solo rhythm.

Tenor Drums

Contemporary tenor drums (also called toms, tri-toms, quads, quints, squints, or sextets) are single-headed tonal drums. There are usually four to six drums in a set, but there can be as few as one or as many as seven. Tenor players add pitch variety to the drumline with drums of different sizes and tuning.

Cymbals

Marching cymbals are typically pairs of crash cymbals played in a variety of ways. Cymbals are bronze with leather carrying straps. Players in cymbal lines may all carry the same size and type of cymbal, or a variety of instruments may be used. Cymbals are played being held before the body, in unison or split parts. In addition to being played by the cymbalists, snare drummers may play on the cymbals as ride cymbals or like hi-hats, thus there is typically a minimum of one cymbalist for every two snare drummers. Cymbals are also used for visual effects due to their reflectiveness while twirling or spinning them. Many contemporary field ensembles do not utilize a cymbal line, as cymbals are played in the front ensemble.

Bass Drums

Marching bass drums are most frequently used as tonal drums split between several percussionists. Each drummer plays a unique part, though the entire bass drum part is conceived as a whole. Marching bass drums, which produce the deepest sound in the battery, are larger drums carried on harnesses with the heads facing the front and back sidelines. The musicians carrying the bass drums typically line up in size order. Bass drummers use mallets with rounded or cylindrical heads often made of hard felt. Small bass drum lines typically consist of four or five members to ensure enough for a melody, and large lines can have eight or more drummers. Sometimes, in smaller bands, one may see only 2 or 3 bass drummers perform, when this happens, sometimes a bass drummer is required to play 2 or 3 bass drum parts to ensure full sound. In very small bands, one may only see one bass drum witch takes the place of 3 to 4 bass drums.

Pit

Pit plays all the percussive instruments in the band. The pit usually plays the marimba, vibraphone, xylophone, chimes, electric keyboard, and bells. They also play the suspended cymbal and other "auxiliary" instruments such as bongos, tambourine, cowbell, anvil, and bass drum and gong. The pit usually is the main melody in marching band, especially in drum corp. The keyboards have a different "utensil" for making sound. They use a mallet which is held the same way as a drum stick. It is also possible to hold two mallets in each hand, four mallet technique, and three mallers in each hand, very rare but the six mallet technique. More info will be provided when the PERCUSSION HONOR is made.


13

Show the various types of protective devices used to secure drum corps equipment.



14

What are the various types and sizes of drumsticks used for a drum corps?


There are different sizes of drum sticks for each situation, designated by a letter and number, e.g. 2b and 5b are thicker, while 5a and 7a are smaller. The number in the designation corresponds to the length of the stick, with smaller numbers being longer sticks, and the letter corresponds to the diameter or gauge of the stick, with the further along the alphabet the thicker the stick, so "b" is larger than "a".


15

Know what tools and equipment used for drum practice sessions.


For Practice you would use a Practice pad.



References:

References

  1. ↑ Swiss Army Triplet Example on VicFirth.com Accessed 8/11/2007.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nasatir, Cary. "Too Many Rudiments?". Conn-Selmer Keynotes. http://www.keynotesmagazine.com/article.php?uid=120. Retrieved February 3 2008.
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