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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
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| − | [[File:Raised_bog.png|thumb|500px|Raised bog]]
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| − | ;Raised Bog: A type of bog in which peat deposits grow above the water level forming domes or ‘raised’ mounds. These mounds may be surrounded by water forming islands. These are sometimes referred to as a Pocosin in the east.
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| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 4 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 4 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 5. ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre un pantano y una ciénaga? ¿Qué es la sucesión ecológica y cómo los pantanos y las ciénagas ilustran este proceso? --> |
| − | <!-- 5. What is the difference between a bog and fen? What is succession and how do bogs and fens illustrate this process? --> | |
| − | [[File:Bog succession 1.png|thumb|500px|right]]
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| − | [[File:Bog succession 2.png|thumb|500px|right]]
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| − | [[File:Bog succession 3.png|thumb|500px|right]]
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| − | [[File:Bog succession 4.png|thumb|500px|right]]
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| − | Bogs and Fens are both sources of peat and have a floating mat of vegetation. The major difference has to do with the water source. Bogs are closed systems that have no connection to groundwater sources, Fens are open systems that depend on a groundwater source (springs). Fens are less acidic, have more nutrients and support a more diverse community of plants and animals. For a fen, the mat of vegetation is composed of herbs and grasses such as Tussock Grass.
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
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| − | Succession is where one community naturally changes over time eventually being replaced by a different community. Fens and bogs are often found close together and over time, most fens become bogs. Peat builds up and separates the fen from its groundwater supply causing a closed system to form; nutrient levels drop, acidity increases and a bog is formed. Succession of bogs leads to the formation of conifer forests.
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| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 5 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 5 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 6. ¿Cuáles son algunas adaptaciones de las plantas de pantanos? --> |
| − | <!-- 6 What are some adaptations of bog plants? --> | |
| − | * Exposed leaves are covered in waxy material, have thick woolly hair-like fibers, or hide their pores in deep pits on the underside to conserve nutrients and to reduce toxins such as iron and manganese.
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| − | * Grow low to the ground or have slow stunted growth.
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| − | * Survive dramatic temperature differences.
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| − | * Live in acid conditions with low nutrients.
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 6 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 6 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 7. ¿Qué es musgo de turbera y cómo es necesario para los pantanos? --> |
| − | <!-- 7. What is Sphagnum Moss and how is it vital to bogs? --> | |
| − | [[File:Sphagnum.flexuosum.jpg|thumb|250px|''Sphagnum flexuosum'']]
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| − | Sphagnum Moss or Peat Moss (Family Sphagnaceae) is a plant that shapes and drives bog chemistry. It has gas-filled cells that help it to float and has amazing absorption properties enabling it to hold many times its own weight in water. It grows from the top and dies just a small distance down the stem. It slowly grows out from shore eventually forming a floating mat of vegetation over any open water resulting in the sun not being able to warm the water below. When new moss forms, the old moss is pushed underwater and decays very slowly into peat. As it slowly decays, tannin and acids are released killing bacteria and removing dissolved oxygen that would otherwise cause decomposition to occur, also turning the water brown. Dead peat moss accumulates until it is many feet deep and eventually, given enough time, will reach ground level below and fill the bog completely.. Sphagnum Moss supports a variety of acid loving plants, shrubs and even trees to grow on top of its floating mass over deep water, also called bog forest. When stepped on, the mats shake, tilt and ripple causing even trees to sway. Falling into a bog can be dangerous so it is best to stay on designated boardwalks and trails.
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 7 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 7 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 8. ¿Qué son las plantas carnívoras y qué las hace específicas a los pantanos? Nombrar y describir por lo menos dos de ellas. --> |
| − | <!-- 8. What are carnivorous plants and what makes them bog specific? Name and describe at least two of them. --> | |
| − | Carnivorous plants trap animal prey (insects) to make up for the loss of nutrients they cannot obtain from the environment. The traps are modified leaves and may be “active” or “passive” depending on how they catch their prey.
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| − | ===Pitcher Plant (Passive)===
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| − | [[File:Pitcher_Plant_at_Mississippi_Sandhill_Crane_NWR_(5327602495).jpg|thumb|Pitcher Plant at Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge]]
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| − | These plants form a slippery, colorful cupped leaf, and have a nectar-covered lip to lure insects. When an insect slips and falls in, it is trapped by downward pointing, sharp hairs. It is slowly dissolved in the liquid in the bottom of the cup. There are some insects that thrive in the pitcher plants by having an anti-enzyme that prevents them from being digested by the plant.
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| − | {{clear}}
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
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| − | ===Sundew (Active)===
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| − | [[File:Sundew.jpg|thumb|Sundew]]
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| − | Sticky hairs in their leaves attract and hold the insect, and then more sticky hairs fold over it until the insect is trapped and is digested.
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| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
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| − | ===Bladderwort (Active)===
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| − | [[File:UtriculariaVulgarisFlowering.jpg|thumb|Common Bladderwort]]
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| − | A group of aquatic flowering plants that grow with no roots. They obtain their nutrition from the water or prey captured in small “bladders”. There are trigger hairs that, when touched, open a trap door and the prey is sucked in when the water rushes in to fill the “bladder” and the door shuts trapping the prey.
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| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 8 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 8 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 9. Nombrar y describir cinco otras plantas o árboles que se encuentran en los pantanos. --> |
| − | <!-- 9. Name and describe five other plants or trees, which are found in bogs. --> | + | {{:AY Honors/Species Account/Larix laricina/es}} |
| − | {{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Larix laricina}} | |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | {{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Vaccinium macrocarpon}} | |
| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | {{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Chamaedaphne calyculata}} | |
| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | {{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Cypripedium acaule}} | |
| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | {{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Picea mariana}} | |
| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | {{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Rhododendron groenlandicum}} | |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 9 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 9 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 10. Nombrar y describir cinco animales que se pueden encontrar en pantanos y ciénagas. --> |
| − | <!-- 10. Name and describe 5 animals that can be found in bogs and fens. --> | |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | {{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Grus Canadensis}} | |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | {{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Lithobates sylvaticus}} | |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | {{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Picoides arcticus}} | |
| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | {{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Alces alces}} | |
| − |
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| − | {{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Lycaena epixanthe}}
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | {{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Synaptomys spp}} | |
| − |
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| − | {{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Castor canadensis}}
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 10 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 10 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 11. Contar una historia acerca de los pantanos y extraer una lección espiritual. --> |
| − | <!-- 11. Tell a story about bogs and draw a spiritual lesson. --> | |
| − | This is one example. You can develop your own story.
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | “And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may prove what is that good and acceptable and perfect will of God.” Romans 12:2
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| − | Pitcher plants (Family Sarraceniaceae) are carnivorous plants, meaning they have unique ways of catching insect prey and digesting them to obtain nutrients otherwise not available in their environment. The plant has large "pitcher" shaped leaves that catch rain water. The "lip" of the leaf is pretty colored, fragrant and slippery. Insects are attracted to this, fall in and are trapped, unable to escape due to sharp, down pointing hairs causing the insect to drown. The plant then digests its catch. This family of plants (nine species here in North America) often inhabit peatlands, bogs, pine barrens and other such habitats that are hostile to most other types of plants. In one species, the leaves can grow to be almost 3 feet tall! Strangely enough, some insects and other small creatures survive and even thrive inside the pitcher plant. They may spend some time there and move on or in some cases, make a permanent home. There is a type of mosquito larvae (Pitcher Plant Mosquito – Wyeomyia smithii ) that lives in the very fluid that consumes other types of insects. This mosquito living in the pitcher plants have special anti-enzymes that prevent them from being digested. The Bible is like these anti-enzymes; we must have God's word as part of our whole being, our lifestyle and full commitment. We live in a crazy, scary world yet we are not part of this world. We are only passing through. We are not to be consumed by the things and desires this world has to offer for they result in death, just like insects that fall into the pitcher plant and are digested because they do not have the anti-enzyme. God's word must be written in our hearts and minds. May we encourage each other to become filled with these spiritual "anti-enzymes". (Beckermeyer) (Johnson & Worley, 1985)
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 11 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 11 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 12. Hacer al menos dos de las siguientes actividades: --> |
| − | <!-- 12. Do at least 2 of the following activities: --> | |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12a}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12a}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12a --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12a --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12b}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12b}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | {{covid|tip=You can use webcams or virtual visits to meet this requirement. [https://loon.org/ The Loon Preservation Committee] runs a webcam that you can watch in the early summer months to observe a pair of nesting loons as they hatch their eggs and raise their young.}}
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| | {{AY Honors/Zoo Visit}} | | {{AY Honors/Zoo Visit}} |
| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12b --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12b --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12c}} <!--T:28--> | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12c}} <!--T:28--> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | Here is one possibility. <span class="noprint">If you find others, please add them here!</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
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| − | {{#widget:YouTube|id=UyscwDzcMXE}}
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| − | {{#widget:YouTube|id=KPmT48SG4DU}}
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| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Here is another:
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| − | *[http://video.pbs.org/video/2183155127/ Bog Restored in New Jersey Nature Preserve] PBS, 2m:17s
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12c --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12c --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12d}} <!--T:31--> | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12d}} <!--T:31--> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | You can either create your picture during your visit to a bog or fen, or you can take a picture and work from that when you get back. See the [[../../Arts and Crafts/Drawing|Drawing]] and [[../../Arts and Crafts/Painting]] honors for tips on creating your artwork.
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| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12d --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12d --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12e}} <!--T:32--> | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12e}} <!--T:32--> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | {{covid|tip=This can be done using video conferencing (or by using the writing/short video options).}}
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| − | See the [[../../Vocational/Video|Video]] honor for instruction on making your video, and be sure to check out the [[../Environmental Conservation/]] and [[../Endangered Species/]] honors while you're researching this option.
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| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12e --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12e --> |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 12 --> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | ==Referencias== |
| − | ==References== | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | *Benyus, J. M. (1989). Northwoods Wildlife, A Watcher's Guide to Habitats. Minocqua, WI: Northwood Press.
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| − | *Brock, J. P., & Kauffman, K. (2003). Butterflies of North America. New York, New York: Hillstar Editions, L.C and Houghton Mifflin Company.
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| − | *Campbell, S., Hunt, A., Kerridge, R., Lynch, T., & Wohl, E. (2011). The Face of the Earth; Natural Landscapes, Science and Culture. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press.
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| − | *Eastman, J. (1995). The Book of Swamp and Bog. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvannia: Stackpole Books.
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| − | *EcoRiskProfile. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.epa.gov: http://www.epa.gov/region1/ge/thesite/restofriver/reports/final_era/B%20-%20Focus%20Species%20Profiles/EcoRiskProfile_wood_frog.pdf
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| − | *Graham, L. E., Graham, J. M., & Wilcox, L. W. (2003). Plant Biology. In Plant Biology. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
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| − | *Haslam, S. M. (2003). Understanding Wetlands. New York, New York: Taylor and Francis.
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| − | *Johnson, C. W., & Worley, I. A. (1985). Bogs Of The Northeast. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England.
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| − | *Larsen, J. A. (1982). Ecology of the Northern Lowland Bogs and Conifer Forests. New York, New York: Academic Press, Inc.
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| − | *Milne, L. J., & Milne, M. (1984). The Mystery of the Bog Forest. Toronto, Canada: McClelland and Stewart Limited.
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| − | *Mitsch, W. J., & Gosselink, J. G. (1993). Wetlands: Second Edition. New York, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, International Thomson Publishing.
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| − | *Moore, P. D. (2008). Wetlands. New York, New York: Facts on File, Inc.
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| − | *Niering, W. A. (1989). The Audubo Society Nature Guides, Wetlands. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. and Random House, Inc.
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| − | *Root, P., & Bowen, B. (2010). Big Belching Bog. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press.
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| − | [[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
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| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseHonorPage}} | | {{CloseHonorPage}} |
