Revision as of 00:11, 24 December 2005

Have the Microscopic Life honor.

Name two major constituents of blood. What is the percentage of each in normal blood?

Be able to draw pictures of and name the 7 types of blood cells and indicate what each type does.

Red Blood Cells:
White Blood Cells: There are five main types of white blood cells including:
1. Neutrophils, which travel to infected tissue and surround bacteria, rendering them harmless to the body.
2. Monocytes, which also travel to infected tissue and turn into macrophages. As macrophages, these cells kill germs (including cancer cells) and start the production of antibodies.
3. Eosinophils, are white blood cells responsible for combatting infections by parasites.
4. Lymphocytes are type of white blood cell involved in the human body's immune system. There are two broad categories of lymphocytes, namely T cells and B cells. T cells are especially important in cell-mediated immunity, which is the defense against tumor cells and pathogenic organisms inside body cells. They are also involved in rejection reactions. B cells, in the presence of an antigen (a substance that stimulates an immune response), can become much more metabolically active and differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete large quantities of antibodies.
5. Basophils:
Platelets:

Observe some preserved human blood under a microscope. Count 100 white blood cells and draw a graph showing the number of each of the five types of white blood cells you found. Which type is most common? Which type is least common?

Do at least one of the following and report on what you observed.

Observe blood being drawn from someone's arm by a medical professional.

With the help of an experienced person, observe blood flowing through some capillaries (either on video tape or in a living organism such as a hamster cheek-pouch, frog skin, or goldfish tail, using a microscope).

Visit a medical lab where blood tests are performed.

Visit a blood bank.

What two gasses are transported by the red blood cells? Explain why blood appears blue/green in your veins, but if you cut yourself, the blood that comes out is bright red. Explain why a lack of iron in your diet might make you have yellowish-colored blood.

Red blood cells transport oxygen to the rest of the body and carry the carbon dioxide away. Blood carrying oxygen appears bright red. hen you cut yourself, your blood is exposed to oxygen in the air, and this is sufficient to cause it to turn color. When little oxygen is present i the blood, it is still red, but it is much darker, tending more towards black. Blood is neither blue nor green inside your veins, but it looks this way sometimes because the veins themselves and pigment in your skin impart a bluish tint.

Blood carries oxygen by letting it bind loosely with iron. Without sufficient iron in the blood, its oxygen carrying capacity is reduced. Since oxygen is what makes the blood bright red, it cannot assume this color without iron.

Explain how blood clots when you are injured. How does typical "First Aid" help in the process?

What does it mean to be a blood donor? If possible, know your blood type. What types of blood can be donated to you? Which blood types cannot be donated to you? Why?

**Blood compatibility chart**
Recipient Blood Type	Donor must be
AB+	Any blood type
AB-	O-	A-	B-	AB-
A+	O-	O+	A-	A+
A-	O-	A-
B+	O-	O+	B-	B+
B-	O-	B-
O+	O-	O+
O-	O-

Tell two stories in the Bible in which blood is involved. From what you know about blood, why do you think that the Bible uses blood as a symbol of God's saving power?

List 10 specific health habits that can help your body stay healthy and fight off infection. Find a reference from the Spirit of Prophesy that supports each one of these. Keep a record for three weeks of how often you repeat these 10 habits.

Define the following terms related to the body's defenses:

Immunology

Pathogen

Inflammation

Antibody

Memory Cells

Immunity

Vaccine

Allergy

Histamine

Antihistamine

Poison ivy and poison oak are often encountered by active Pathfinders. Be able to identify poison ivy and poison oak, and know how to avoid having allergic reactions to them, and explain what to do if you get an allergic reaction to either of them.

Make a list of as many as possible of the infectious diseases that you have had. Which ones are you now immune to? Explain why or why not.

From your personal medical records, list all of the vaccinations that you have had and determine from your doctor when your next vaccination should be.

Write or tell about one infectious disease (at least 250 words).

What is AIDS? How is it spread? Is there a cure? Why is it so devastating?

Find three Biblical references that have to do with cleanliness and the control of or spread of disease.

References

Wikipedia articles on Blood and Blood Type

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 ## '''Monocytes''', which also travel to infected tissue and turn into ''macrophages''.  As macrophages, these cells kill germs (including cancer cells) and start the production of antibodies.
 ## '''Eosinophils''', are white blood cells responsible for combatting infections by parasites.
-## '''Lymphocytes''' are type of white blood cell involved in the human body's immune system. There are two broad categories of lymphocytes, namely T cells and B cells. T cells are especially important in cell-mediated immunity, which is the defense against tumor cells and pathogenic organisms inside body cells. They are also involved in rejection reactions.  In the presence of an antigen (a substance that stimulates an immune response), B cells can become much more metabolically active and differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete large quantities of antibodies.
+## '''Lymphocytes''' are type of white blood cell involved in the human body's immune system. There are two broad categories of lymphocytes, namely T cells and B cells. T cells are especially important in cell-mediated immunity, which is the defense against tumor cells and pathogenic organisms inside body cells. They are also involved in rejection reactions.  B cells, in the presence of an antigen (a substance that stimulates an immune response), can become much more metabolically active and differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete large quantities of antibodies.
 ## '''Basophils:'''
 # '''Platelets:'''

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