Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Conflict Resolution/Answer Key"

From Pathfinder Wiki
< AY Honors‎ | Conflict ResolutionAY Honors/Conflict Resolution/Answer Key
Line 1: Line 1:
−
{{Refimprove|date=February 2008}}
+
{{honor_header|3|2005|ADRA|General Conference}}
  
−
<code></code>'''Maslow's hierarchy of needs''' is a theory in [[psychology]], proposed by [[Abraham Maslow]] in his 1943 paper ''A Theory of Human Motivation'',<ref name="multiple">A.H. Maslow, ''[http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htm A Theory of Human Motivation]'', Psychological Review 50 (1943):370-96.</ref> which he subsequently extended to include his observations of humans' innate curiosity.
+
== 1. Be at least in the 10th grade. == 
 +
This will be for those in 10th grade/Sophomore in high school or at least 15 years of age in a location where such school grades have no equivalent or for home school and non-schooled children.  *This Honor will require an instructor. Contact your church Counselor or conference office for assistance or ACS or ADRA for a trainer for Crisis Intervention or Grief Counseling.
  
−
Maslow studied, what he called, exemplary people such as [[Albert Einstein]], [[Jane Addams]], [[Eleanor Roosevelt]], and [[Frederick Douglass]] rather than [[mentally ill]] or [[neurotic]] people, writing that "the study of crippled, stunted, immature, and unhealthy specimens can yield only a cripple psychology and a cripple philosophy."<ref>{{cite book|last=Maslow|first=Abraham|title=Motivation and Personality|date=1954}}New York:. Harper. p. 236.</ref> Maslow also studied the healthiest one percent of the college student population. In his book, ''TheHuman Nature'', Maslow writes, "By ordinary standards of this kind of laboratory research... this simply was not research at all.  My generalizations grew out of my selection of certain kinds of people.  Obviously, other judges are needed."<ref>Maslow, A.H. (1971). The farther reaches of human nature. New York: Penguin Compass. Chpt 3, "Self-actualizing and beyond", p. 41.</ref>
+
== 2. Explain how Christ encouraged people in crisis in at least two of the following Bible stories. Identify the nature of the crisis or human needs in each story that you explain. ==
 +
=== a. John 8:1-11 ===
 +
{{Bible verse
 +
|book = John
 +
|chapter=8
 +
|verse=1:11
 +
|version = NIV
 +
|text=<br>
 +
<sup>1</sup>But Jesus went to the Mount of Olives. <sup>2</sup>At dawn he appeared again in the temple courts, where all the people gathered around him, and he sat down to teach them. <sup>3</sup>The teachers of the law and the Pharisees brought in a woman caught in adultery. They made her stand before the group <sup>4</sup>and said to Jesus, "Teacher, this woman was caught in the act of adultery. <sup>5</sup>In the Law Moses commanded us to stone such women. Now what do you say?" <sup>6</sup>They were using this question as a trap, in order to have a basis for accusing him.
  
−
== Representations ==
+
But Jesus bent down and started to write on the ground with his finger. <sup>7</sup>When they kept on questioning him, he straightened up and said to them, "If any one of you is without sin, let him be the first to throw a stone at her." <sup>8</sup>Again he stooped down and wrote on the ground.
−
[[Image:Maslow's hierarchy of needs.svg|thumb|right|400px|This diagram shows Maslow's hierarchy of needs, represented as a pyramid with the more primitive needs at the bottom.<ref>[http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/maslow.htm Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs]</ref>]]
 
−
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often depicted as a pyramid consisting of five levels: the four lower levels are grouped together as being associated with Physiological needs, while the top level is termed growth needs associated with psychological needs. Deficiency needs must be met first. Once these are met, seeking to satisfy growth needs drives personal growth.
 
−
The higher needs in this hierarchy only come into focus when the lower needs in the pyramid are satisfied. Once an individual has moved upwards to the next level, needs in the lower level will no longer be prioritized.  If a lower set of needs is no longer being met, the individual will temporarily re-prioritize those needs by focusing attention on the unfulfilled needs, but will not permanently regress to the lower level. For instance, a businessman at the esteem level who is diagnosed with cancer will spend a great deal of time concentrating on his health (physiological needs), but will continue to value his work performance (esteem needs) and will likely return to work during periods of remission.
 
  
−
== Deficiency needs ==
+
<sup>9</sup>At this, those who heard began to go away one at a time, the older ones first, until only Jesus was left, with the woman still standing there. <sup>10</sup>Jesus straightened up and asked her, "Woman, where are they? Has no one condemned you?"
−
The first four layers of the pyramid are what Maslow called "deficiency needs" or "D-needs": if they are not met, the body gives no indication of it physically, but the individual feels anxious and tense. The deficiency needs are: survival needs, safety and security, love and belonging, and esteem.
 
  
−
==== Physiological needs ====
+
<sup>11</sup>"No one, sir," she said.
−
These are the basic human needs for such things as sex, warmth, water, and other bodily needs. If a person is hungry or thirsty or their body is chemically unbalanced, all of their energies turn toward remedying these deficiencies and other needs remain inactive. Maslow explains that "Anyone who attempts to make an emergency picture into a typical one and who will measure all of man's goals and desires by his[her] behavior during extreme physiological deprivation, is certainly blind to many things. It is quite true that man lives by bread alone — when there is no bread".<ref name="multiple">A.H. Maslow, ''A Theory of Human Motivation'', Psychological Review 50 (1943):370-96.</ref>
+
:"Then neither do I condemn you," Jesus declared. "Go now and leave your life of sin."
 +
}}
 +
The woman in this story was Mary Magdalene, and she was certainly experiencing a crisis.  Not only was she publicly shamed, but her very life was threatened. The trap laid by the Pharisees here was that Mosaic Law called for the execution of an adultress, but under Roman Law, the decision to execute was reserved for the Roman governors. If Jesus were to agree that she should be executed, they would have turned Him in to the Roman authorities for usurping their authority. But if He disagreed with the death sentence, they would have "proven" that he did not respect Mosaic Law.
  
−
The physiological needs of the [[organism]] (those enabling [[homeostasis]]) take first precedence. These consist mainly of (in order of importance):
+
Jesus saw this trap immediately, but His main concern was not for himself but for Mary Magdalene.  Yes, she had sinned, but so have we all, and His mission was to save sinners.  Jesus extricated Himself from the trap while showing her great tenderness and compassion. His writing in the dirt was a list of "secret" sins committed by her accusers.  He continued outlining these sins until all the accusers drifted away, eager for their own sins to be kept secret.
  
−
*Breathing
+
Finally, He turned to Mary, counseled her to leave her life of sin and granted her forgiveness. She followed Him devoutly after this incident, washing His feet with perfume at the home of Simon, and standing at the foot of the cross during the crucifixion. She was the first person to see Him after the resurrection.
−
*Drinking
 
−
*Eating
 
−
*Excretion
 
−
*Sleep
 
−
*Sex
 
−
   
 
−
If some needs are not fulfilled, a person's physiological needs take the highest priority. Physiological needs can control thoughts and behaviors and can cause people to feel sickness, pain, and discomfort.
 
  
−
==== Safety needs ====
+
=== b. Matthew 18:1-6 ===
−
With their physical needs relatively satisfied, the individual's safety needs take over and dominate their behavior. These needs have to do with people's yearning for a predictable, orderly world in which injustice and inconsistency are under control, the familiar frequent and the unfamiliar rare. In the world of work, these safety needs manifest themselves in such things as a preference for job security, grievance procedures for protecting the individual from unilateral authority, savings accounts, insurance policies, and the like.
+
{{Bible verse
 +
|book = Matthew
 +
|chapter = 18
 +
|verse = 1-6
 +
|version = NIV
 +
|text = <br>
 +
<sup>1</sup>At that time the disciples came to Jesus and asked, "Who is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven?"
  
−
For the most part, physiological and safety needs are reasonably well satisfied in the "First World". The obvious exceptions, of course, are people outside the mainstream — the poor and the disadvantaged. If frustration has not led to apathy and weakness, such people still struggle to satisfy the basic physiological and safety needs. They are primarily concerned with survival: obtaining adequate food, clothing, shelter, and seeking justice from the dominant societal groups.
+
<sup>2</sup>He called a little child and had him stand among them. <sup>3</sup>And he said: "I tell you the truth, unless you change and become like little children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven. <sup>4</sup>Therefore, whoever humbles himself like this child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven.
  
−
Safety and Security needs include:
+
<sup>5</sup>"And whoever welcomes a little child like this in my name welcomes me. <sup>6</sup>But if anyone causes one of these little ones who believe in me to sin, it would be better for him to have a large millstone hung around his neck and to be drowned in the depths of the sea.
 +
}}
 +
The people in crisis in this verse are the disciples, only they did not realize that they were in any danger.  They were looking for Jesus to settle their disagreement over which of ''them'' was the greatest in the kingdom of heaven. Their arrogance and pride were threatening their very salvation!
  
−
* Personal security from [[crime]]
+
Jesus clearly pointed their error out to them in a most non-threatening way.  When we see someone we love on a course to destruction, it is our duty to try to set them straight as well.  However, the ''way'' we do this is just as important as the decision to do it.  Jesus did not jump up and down and scream, nor did He insult His disciples and tell them they were ruining their lives (even if they were).  Rather, He gently pointed out the way they ''should'' have been acting and admonished them to follow the example He set before them.
−
* Financial security
 
−
* Health and well-being
 
−
* Safety net against accidents/illness and the adverse impacts
 
  
−
==== Social needs ====  
+
=== c. John 4:1-26 ===
−
After physiological and safety needs are fulfilled, the third layer of human needs is social. This psychological aspect of Maslow's hierarchy involves emotionally-based relationships in general, such as:
+
John 4:1-26 provides us with the account of Jesus' meeting with a Samaritan woman at a well. This woman had not led an easy life.  She had been abandoned by five husbands, and was living with a man to whom she was not married.  These circumstances attest that she was leading a sinful life.
  
−
* [[friendship]]
+
Jesus was able to read her soul.  He knew that her salvation was at stake, so He set about His work to reverse her course.  His initial contact was to ask her to serve Him some water.  This was a highly unusual request, because most Jews at that time would refuse to use a dish that a Samaritan had used.  She was surprised, and Jesus had immediately gained her full attention.  At this point, he moved on to the next stage, which was to pique her interest in spiritual matters, saying, ''"If you knew the gift of God and who it is that asks you for a drink, you would have asked him and he would have given you living water."'' (Matt 4:10, NIV). 
−
* [[intimacy]]
 
−
* having a supportive and communicative [[family]]
 
  
−
Humans  need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance, whether it comes from a large social group, such as clubs, office culture, [[Religion|religious groups]], professional organizations, sports teams, [[gangs]] ("[[Safety in numbers]]"), or small social connections (family members, intimate partners, mentors, close colleagues, confidants). They need to love and be loved (sexually and non-sexually) by others.  In the absence of these elements, many people become susceptible to [[loneliness]], [[social anxiety]], and [[Clinical depression]]. This need for belonging can often overcome the physiological and security needs, depending on the strength of the peer pressure; an anorexic, for example, ignores the need to eat and the security of health for a feeling of control and belonging.
+
At first, she refused to engage, and pretended to not understand His statement.  Jesus knew she was trying to turn the conversation, so He persisted.  Finally, He revealed Himself a prophet, telling her He knew about her previous marriages and her current living arrangements. At this, the woman was convinced of two things: that Jesus was not a religious pretender, and that He had a genuine interest in her well-being.
  
−
==== Esteem needs ====
+
=== d. John 1:35-42 ===
−
All humans have a need to be respected, to have self-esteem, self-respect, and to respect others. People need to engage themselves to gain recognition and have an activity or activities that give the person a sense of contribution, to feel accepted and self-valued, be it in a profession or hobby. Imbalances at this level can result in low self-esteem or inferiority complexes. People with low self-esteem need respect from others. They may seek fame or glory, which again depends on others. It may be noted, however, that many people with low self-esteem will not be able to improve their view of themselves simply by receiving fame, respect, and glory externally, but must first accept themselves internally.  Psychological imbalances such as depression can also prevent one from obtaining self-esteem on both levels.
+
{{Bible verse
 +
|book = John
 +
|chapter=1
 +
|verse=35-42
 +
|version=NIV
 +
|text=<br>
 +
<sup>35</sup>The next day John was there again with two of his disciples. <sup>36</sup>When he saw Jesus passing by, he said, "Look, the Lamb of God!"
  
−
== Growth needs ==
+
<sup>37</sup>When the two disciples heard him say this, they followed Jesus. <sup>38</sup>Turning around, Jesus saw them following and asked, "What do you want?"
−
Though the deficiency needs may be seen as "basic", and can be met and neutralized (i.e. they stop being motivators in one's life), self-actualization and transcendence are "being" or "growth" needs (also termed "B-needs"); i.e. they are enduring motivations or drivers of behavior.
+
:They said, "Rabbi" (which means Teacher), "where are you staying?"
  
−
== Aesthetic needs ==
+
<sup>39</sup>"Come," he replied, "and you will see."
−
Based on Maslow's beliefs, it is stated in the hierarchy humans need beautiful imagery or something new and aesthetically pleasing to continue towards Self-Actualization. Humans need to refresh themselves in the presence and beauty of nature while carefully absorbing and observing their surroundings to extract the beauty the world has to offer.
+
:So they went and saw where he was staying, and spent that day with him. It was about the tenth hour.
  
−
==Criticisms==
+
<sup>40</sup>Andrew, Simon Peter's brother, was one of the two who heard what John had said and who had followed Jesus. <sup>41</sup>The first thing Andrew did was to find his brother Simon and tell him, "We have found the Messiah" (that is, the Christ). <sup>42</sup>And he brought him to Jesus.
 +
:Jesus looked at him and said, "You are Simon son of John. You will be called Cephas" (which, when translated, is Peter).
 +
}}
 +
The people in crisis in the passage  Andrew and Peter.  Both were searching for spiritual meaning in their lives and had been attracted to John the Baptist.  They could tell that John was genuine, and was not like the religious leaders with whom they were distrustful and discouraged.  When John pointed Andrew to Jesus, he did not hesitate to find out more.  Jesus invited him to spend some time with Him, and Andrew eagerly took Him up on the offer.  Their visit impressed Andrew with the thought that Jesus was the Messiah.  This excited him very much, and he rushed to share the news with his brother, Peter.  Jesus befriended Peter as well, and they both became part of His inner circle.
  
−
While Maslow's theory was regarded as an improvement over previous theories of [[personality psychology|personality]] and [[motivation]], it had its detractors. For example, in their extensive review of research which is dependent on Maslow's theory, Wahba and Bridgewell<ref>{{cite journal
+
=== e. Mark 2:13-17 ===
−
  | last = Wahba
+
{{Bible verse
−
  | first = A
+
|book=Mark
−
  | authorlink =
+
|chapter=2
−
  | coauthors = Bridgewell, L
+
|verse=13-17
−
  | title = Maslow reconsidered: A review of research on the need hierarchy theory
+
|version=NIV
−
  | journal = Organizational Behavior and Human Performance
+
|text=<br>
−
  | volume =
+
<sup>13</sup>Once again Jesus went out beside the lake. A large crowd came to him, and he began to teach them. <sup>14</sup>As he walked along, he saw Levi son of Alphaeus sitting at the tax collector's booth. "Follow me," Jesus told him, and Levi got up and followed him.
−
  | issue = 15
 
−
  | pages = 212–240
 
−
  | date = 1976
 
−
  | url =
 
−
  | doi =
 
−
  | id =
 
−
  | accessdate =  }}</ref> found little evidence for the ranking of needs Maslow described, or even for the existence of a definite hierarchy at all. Conducted in 2002, a recent study forwards this line of thought, claiming that "the hierarchy of needs is nothing more than a fool's daydream; there is no possible way to classify ever-changing needs as society changes"<ref>{{cite journal
 
−
  | last = Lim
 
−
  | first = Cwisfa
 
−
  | authorlink =
 
−
  | coauthors = Khruschev, Vesh
 
−
  | title = Maslow's Pyramid - a necessity?
 
−
  | volume =
 
−
  | issue = 12
 
−
  | pages = 15-17
 
−
  | date = 2002
 
−
  | url =
 
−
  | doi =
 
−
  | id =
 
−
  | accessdate =  }}</ref>. {{Verify credibility| Fake Sources|date=September 2008}}Chilean economist and philosopher [[Manfred Max Neef]] has also argued [[fundamental human needs]] are non-hierarchical, and are [[ontology|ontologically]] universal and invariant in nature - part of the condition of being human; [[poverty]], he argues, is the result of any one of these needs being frustrated, denied or unfulfilled.
 
  
−
== References==
+
<sup>15</sup>While Jesus was having dinner at Levi's house, many tax collectors and "sinners" were eating with him and his disciples, for there were many who followed him. <sup>16</sup>When the teachers of the law who were Pharisees saw him eating with the "sinners" and tax collectors, they asked his disciples: "Why does he eat with tax collectors and 'sinners'?"
−
{{reflist}}
 
  
−
==See also==
+
<sup>17</sup>On hearing this, Jesus said to them, "It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners."
−
*[[ERG theory]] that further expands this theory
+
}}
−
*[[John Curtis Gowan]]
+
The person in crisis in this passage was Levi son of Alphaeus.  Levi was a tax collector, and as such would likely have had very little satisfaction with his life.  His fellow countrymen considered him a traitor, as he was cooperating with the Romans.  He was an outcast. 
−
*[[Self actualization]]
 
  
−
== External links == 
+
Jesus understood Levi's condition, and even though no one else at the time would have thought he would be an effective gospel worker, Jesus invited him to be one of His disciples. Levi did not give it a second thought.  Here was a chance to do something important with his life!
−
* [http://www.teacherstoolbox.co.uk/maslow.html Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs], Teacher's Toolbox. A video overview of Maslow's work by Geoff Petty.
 
−
* [http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htm A Theory of Human Motivation].
 
−
* [http://emotionalliteracyeducation.com/abraham-maslow-theory-human-motivation.shtml A Theory of Human Motivation: Annotated].
 
−
* [http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/maslow.html Theory and biography] including detailed description and examples of self-actualizers.
 
−
* [http://www.Maslow.org Maslow Nidus] Maslow Collection including current theorizing.
 
−
* [http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/regsys/maslow.html Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs], Valdosta.
 
−
* [http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/maslow.html Abraham Maslow] by C George Boeree
 
−
* [http://www.thewiseturtle.com/hierarchyofneeds.html Hierarchy of Needs] Maslow's hierarchy integrated into Ken Wilber's AQAL Theory
 
  
−
[[Category:Consumer behaviour]]
+
We are next taken to Levi's house, where Jesus and many of Levi's friends were dinner guests.  The Pharisees had also followed, and labeled both Levi and his guests as "sinners" in an attempt to discredit Jesus by lumping Him in with "that" crowd.  Jesus refuted their claim that He was a sinner, but He did so without putting Levi and his friends down, or disengaging from His work with them.
−
[[Category:Human development]]
 
−
[[Category:Interpersonal relationships]]
 
−
[[Category:Organizational studies and human resource management]]
 
−
[[Category:Personal development]]
 
−
[[Category:Personal life]]
 
−
[[Category:Motivational theories]]
 
  
−
[[ar:تدرج الحاجات]]
+
Levi, the sinner had is life turned around.  He is better known to us as Matthew, the author of the first gospel.
−
[[ca:Abraham Maslow]]
+
 
−
[[da:Maslows behovspyramide]]
+
=== f. Acts 9 ===
−
[[de:Maslowsche Bedürfnispyramide]]
+
Acts 9 tells the story of the apostle Paul's conversion.  Paul, thinking himself very righteous, was on a mission to snuff out Christianity.  He was heading in exactly the opposite direction spiritually as he thought he was.  Rather than being a zealous worker for God, he was attmepting to thwart God's greatest plan - the plan of salvation.  It was going to take something very drastic for him to turn around, so God ''did'' something very drastic. 
−
[[et:Inimvajaduste hierarhia]]
+
 
−
[[es:Pirámide de Maslow]]
+
First, He caused Paul to be thrown from his horse.  Then He appeared to him and made it clear that not only was he not acting righteously, but that he was in direct opposition to the will of God.  The brightness of God's glory physically blinded Paul, and God left him that way - helpless - for several days.  During this time, Paul did some soul searching, and he was abhorred by the condition of his soul.  He turned to God, and became the most powerful preacher of the New Testament.
−
[[eo:Maslova piramido]]
+
 
−
[[fr:Pyramide des besoins de Maslow]]
+
== 3. Describe for your instructor some of the human needs and crisis situations that teenagers in your community face today. Describe some of the crisis situations that families face. This may be done in a group discussion setting. ==
−
[[hr:Humanistička psihologija]]
+
Often in any crisis whether it be a wide area disaster or the loss of a close family member the emotional crisis can be devastating to an individual.  Not all people are emotionally equipped to react and continue to even function when facing what many would call an overwhelming situation.  For these people imediate assistance is needed as they may have frozen themselves in a dangerous location, may become depressed even to the point of suicidal or may react in outrage and violent fashion.
−
[[it:Piramide di Maslow]]
+
 
−
[[he:תאוריית הצרכים]]
+
To help to bring these reactions to a close or to a point controllable first the person must be helped to a place physically and mentally where they are not in imediate danger and they must be helped to realize this.  In the case of the loss of a parent this may mean that the teen is helped to realize that they have many friends, and family, a community that will help them to go on and provide for their needs.
−
[[nl:Piramide van Maslow]]
+
 
−
[[ja:自己実現理論]]
+
The human needs of any individual start with the same basics: shelter, water, and food.  As Christians we recognize the need first for God and our relationship with Him and will remind those we help to keep this need first in all things.  Beyond these basic needs there are possibly physical, medical, and emotional support needs that will be considered.  A person injured in the fire that has destroyed his home needs medical attention before he needs emotional support (although the two may come nearly simultaniously at times).  In professional occupations that deal with high stress matters or regular human suffering the emotional support to follow is most often called Critical Incident Stress Debriefing.  This is a form of counseling that is important not only to professionals like firefighters but also to families and communities in need.
−
[[no:Maslows behovspyramide]]
+
 
−
[[pl:Hierarchia potrzeb]]
+
The stress of an incident can be overwhelming and may manifest itself some great time later or be a fixture in a person's actions and outlook to life. Although not all people are affected by such stress it is best to see to the potential needs of a person in crisis to avert the possible self destruction that may come.  In this we consider not only what a person says they are feeling and facing, not only what they have gone through, but in the long term what they are like today vs. the person they were before their crisis.
−
[[pt:Hierarquia de necessidades de Maslow]]
+
 
−
[[ru:Пирамида потребностей по Маслоу]]
+
In immediate intervention you will be a shoulder to lean on, someone to offer support, to be yelled at, to be cried to.  You will offer encouragement and help to arrange for those basic needs of shelter, water, and food.  You will report to your "supervisor" in intervention any issue you observe that may need to be referred to professional counseling.  You will be a friend.
−
[[sk:Maslowova pyramída]]
+
 
−
[[fi:Maslow'n tarvehierarkia]]
+
Families face a variety of crisis situations and some things that some may not consider to be a crisis can be devastating.  For this purpose we will list common crisis situations:
−
[[sv:Behovshierarki]]
+
*House fire
−
[[ta:மாஸ்லோவின் தேவை படியமைப்பு கோட்பாடு]]
+
*Death of a loved one
−
[[tr:Maslow teorisi]]
+
*Loss of income
−
[[uk:Теорія мотивації Абрахама Маслоу]]
+
*Terminal disease
−
[[zh:自我實現]]
+
*Birth Defects
 +
*Multiple Births (quintuplets for example, imagine five kids at one time could be stressful)
 +
*Serious Injury
 +
*Natural Disaster
 +
 
 +
== 4. Discuss your own motives for wanting to help your friends when they face personal or family crisis. What about strangers? This may be done in a group discussion setting. ==
 +
== 5. Describe the types of human needs and give a real-life example of each. ==
 +
== 6. Explain the steps in crisis intervention process and apply each step to a case study supplied by your instructor. ==
 +
== 7. Demonstrate a grasp of basic listening skills by conducting an interview of at least 30 minutes duration. This interview must either be observed by an observer who can recognize listening skills, or taped for review by your instructor. The interview does not have to be with a person who is in crisis, but it must be a real conversation not pretend or role-playing. ==
 +
== 8. Explain how to make a referral to a professional counselor or pastor. ==
 +
== References ==
 +
''How to Help a Friend'' (second edition) by Paul Welter, Tyndale House, Wheaton, Illinois (1991)
 +
 
 +
''Christ-Centered Caring'' by Ronaele Whittington, AdventSource, Lincoln, Nebraska (1990)
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]

Revision as of 21:37, 19 September 2008

Template:Honor header

1. Be at least in the 10th grade.

This will be for those in 10th grade/Sophomore in high school or at least 15 years of age in a location where such school grades have no equivalent or for home school and non-schooled children. *This Honor will require an instructor. Contact your church Counselor or conference office for assistance or ACS or ADRA for a trainer for Crisis Intervention or Grief Counseling.

2. Explain how Christ encouraged people in crisis in at least two of the following Bible stories. Identify the nature of the crisis or human needs in each story that you explain.

a. John 8:1-11



1But Jesus went to the Mount of Olives. 2At dawn he appeared again in the temple courts, where all the people gathered around him, and he sat down to teach them. 3The teachers of the law and the Pharisees brought in a woman caught in adultery. They made her stand before the group 4and said to Jesus, "Teacher, this woman was caught in the act of adultery. 5In the Law Moses commanded us to stone such women. Now what do you say?" 6They were using this question as a trap, in order to have a basis for accusing him.

But Jesus bent down and started to write on the ground with his finger. 7When they kept on questioning him, he straightened up and said to them, "If any one of you is without sin, let him be the first to throw a stone at her." 8Again he stooped down and wrote on the ground.

9At this, those who heard began to go away one at a time, the older ones first, until only Jesus was left, with the woman still standing there. 10Jesus straightened up and asked her, "Woman, where are they? Has no one condemned you?"

11"No one, sir," she said.

"Then neither do I condemn you," Jesus declared. "Go now and leave your life of sin."
— John 8:1:11 (NIV)

The woman in this story was Mary Magdalene, and she was certainly experiencing a crisis. Not only was she publicly shamed, but her very life was threatened. The trap laid by the Pharisees here was that Mosaic Law called for the execution of an adultress, but under Roman Law, the decision to execute was reserved for the Roman governors. If Jesus were to agree that she should be executed, they would have turned Him in to the Roman authorities for usurping their authority. But if He disagreed with the death sentence, they would have "proven" that he did not respect Mosaic Law.

Jesus saw this trap immediately, but His main concern was not for himself but for Mary Magdalene. Yes, she had sinned, but so have we all, and His mission was to save sinners. Jesus extricated Himself from the trap while showing her great tenderness and compassion. His writing in the dirt was a list of "secret" sins committed by her accusers. He continued outlining these sins until all the accusers drifted away, eager for their own sins to be kept secret.

Finally, He turned to Mary, counseled her to leave her life of sin and granted her forgiveness. She followed Him devoutly after this incident, washing His feet with perfume at the home of Simon, and standing at the foot of the cross during the crucifixion. She was the first person to see Him after the resurrection.

b. Matthew 18:1-6



1At that time the disciples came to Jesus and asked, "Who is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven?"

2He called a little child and had him stand among them. 3And he said: "I tell you the truth, unless you change and become like little children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven. 4Therefore, whoever humbles himself like this child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven.

5"And whoever welcomes a little child like this in my name welcomes me. 6But if anyone causes one of these little ones who believe in me to sin, it would be better for him to have a large millstone hung around his neck and to be drowned in the depths of the sea.
— Matthew 18:1-6 (NIV)

The people in crisis in this verse are the disciples, only they did not realize that they were in any danger. They were looking for Jesus to settle their disagreement over which of them was the greatest in the kingdom of heaven. Their arrogance and pride were threatening their very salvation!

Jesus clearly pointed their error out to them in a most non-threatening way. When we see someone we love on a course to destruction, it is our duty to try to set them straight as well. However, the way we do this is just as important as the decision to do it. Jesus did not jump up and down and scream, nor did He insult His disciples and tell them they were ruining their lives (even if they were). Rather, He gently pointed out the way they should have been acting and admonished them to follow the example He set before them.

c. John 4:1-26

John 4:1-26 provides us with the account of Jesus' meeting with a Samaritan woman at a well. This woman had not led an easy life. She had been abandoned by five husbands, and was living with a man to whom she was not married. These circumstances attest that she was leading a sinful life.

Jesus was able to read her soul. He knew that her salvation was at stake, so He set about His work to reverse her course. His initial contact was to ask her to serve Him some water. This was a highly unusual request, because most Jews at that time would refuse to use a dish that a Samaritan had used. She was surprised, and Jesus had immediately gained her full attention. At this point, he moved on to the next stage, which was to pique her interest in spiritual matters, saying, "If you knew the gift of God and who it is that asks you for a drink, you would have asked him and he would have given you living water." (Matt 4:10, NIV).

At first, she refused to engage, and pretended to not understand His statement. Jesus knew she was trying to turn the conversation, so He persisted. Finally, He revealed Himself a prophet, telling her He knew about her previous marriages and her current living arrangements. At this, the woman was convinced of two things: that Jesus was not a religious pretender, and that He had a genuine interest in her well-being.

d. John 1:35-42



35The next day John was there again with two of his disciples. 36When he saw Jesus passing by, he said, "Look, the Lamb of God!"

37When the two disciples heard him say this, they followed Jesus. 38Turning around, Jesus saw them following and asked, "What do you want?"

They said, "Rabbi" (which means Teacher), "where are you staying?"

39"Come," he replied, "and you will see."

So they went and saw where he was staying, and spent that day with him. It was about the tenth hour.

40Andrew, Simon Peter's brother, was one of the two who heard what John had said and who had followed Jesus. 41The first thing Andrew did was to find his brother Simon and tell him, "We have found the Messiah" (that is, the Christ). 42And he brought him to Jesus.

Jesus looked at him and said, "You are Simon son of John. You will be called Cephas" (which, when translated, is Peter).
— John 1:35-42 (NIV)

The people in crisis in the passage Andrew and Peter. Both were searching for spiritual meaning in their lives and had been attracted to John the Baptist. They could tell that John was genuine, and was not like the religious leaders with whom they were distrustful and discouraged. When John pointed Andrew to Jesus, he did not hesitate to find out more. Jesus invited him to spend some time with Him, and Andrew eagerly took Him up on the offer. Their visit impressed Andrew with the thought that Jesus was the Messiah. This excited him very much, and he rushed to share the news with his brother, Peter. Jesus befriended Peter as well, and they both became part of His inner circle.

e. Mark 2:13-17



13Once again Jesus went out beside the lake. A large crowd came to him, and he began to teach them. 14As he walked along, he saw Levi son of Alphaeus sitting at the tax collector's booth. "Follow me," Jesus told him, and Levi got up and followed him.

15While Jesus was having dinner at Levi's house, many tax collectors and "sinners" were eating with him and his disciples, for there were many who followed him. 16When the teachers of the law who were Pharisees saw him eating with the "sinners" and tax collectors, they asked his disciples: "Why does he eat with tax collectors and 'sinners'?"

17On hearing this, Jesus said to them, "It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners."
— Mark 2:13-17 (NIV)

The person in crisis in this passage was Levi son of Alphaeus. Levi was a tax collector, and as such would likely have had very little satisfaction with his life. His fellow countrymen considered him a traitor, as he was cooperating with the Romans. He was an outcast.

Jesus understood Levi's condition, and even though no one else at the time would have thought he would be an effective gospel worker, Jesus invited him to be one of His disciples. Levi did not give it a second thought. Here was a chance to do something important with his life!

We are next taken to Levi's house, where Jesus and many of Levi's friends were dinner guests. The Pharisees had also followed, and labeled both Levi and his guests as "sinners" in an attempt to discredit Jesus by lumping Him in with "that" crowd. Jesus refuted their claim that He was a sinner, but He did so without putting Levi and his friends down, or disengaging from His work with them.

Levi, the sinner had is life turned around. He is better known to us as Matthew, the author of the first gospel.

f. Acts 9

Acts 9 tells the story of the apostle Paul's conversion. Paul, thinking himself very righteous, was on a mission to snuff out Christianity. He was heading in exactly the opposite direction spiritually as he thought he was. Rather than being a zealous worker for God, he was attmepting to thwart God's greatest plan - the plan of salvation. It was going to take something very drastic for him to turn around, so God did something very drastic.

First, He caused Paul to be thrown from his horse. Then He appeared to him and made it clear that not only was he not acting righteously, but that he was in direct opposition to the will of God. The brightness of God's glory physically blinded Paul, and God left him that way - helpless - for several days. During this time, Paul did some soul searching, and he was abhorred by the condition of his soul. He turned to God, and became the most powerful preacher of the New Testament.

3. Describe for your instructor some of the human needs and crisis situations that teenagers in your community face today. Describe some of the crisis situations that families face. This may be done in a group discussion setting.

Often in any crisis whether it be a wide area disaster or the loss of a close family member the emotional crisis can be devastating to an individual. Not all people are emotionally equipped to react and continue to even function when facing what many would call an overwhelming situation. For these people imediate assistance is needed as they may have frozen themselves in a dangerous location, may become depressed even to the point of suicidal or may react in outrage and violent fashion.

To help to bring these reactions to a close or to a point controllable first the person must be helped to a place physically and mentally where they are not in imediate danger and they must be helped to realize this. In the case of the loss of a parent this may mean that the teen is helped to realize that they have many friends, and family, a community that will help them to go on and provide for their needs.

The human needs of any individual start with the same basics: shelter, water, and food. As Christians we recognize the need first for God and our relationship with Him and will remind those we help to keep this need first in all things. Beyond these basic needs there are possibly physical, medical, and emotional support needs that will be considered. A person injured in the fire that has destroyed his home needs medical attention before he needs emotional support (although the two may come nearly simultaniously at times). In professional occupations that deal with high stress matters or regular human suffering the emotional support to follow is most often called Critical Incident Stress Debriefing. This is a form of counseling that is important not only to professionals like firefighters but also to families and communities in need.

The stress of an incident can be overwhelming and may manifest itself some great time later or be a fixture in a person's actions and outlook to life. Although not all people are affected by such stress it is best to see to the potential needs of a person in crisis to avert the possible self destruction that may come. In this we consider not only what a person says they are feeling and facing, not only what they have gone through, but in the long term what they are like today vs. the person they were before their crisis.

In immediate intervention you will be a shoulder to lean on, someone to offer support, to be yelled at, to be cried to. You will offer encouragement and help to arrange for those basic needs of shelter, water, and food. You will report to your "supervisor" in intervention any issue you observe that may need to be referred to professional counseling. You will be a friend.

Families face a variety of crisis situations and some things that some may not consider to be a crisis can be devastating. For this purpose we will list common crisis situations:

  • House fire
  • Death of a loved one
  • Loss of income
  • Terminal disease
  • Birth Defects
  • Multiple Births (quintuplets for example, imagine five kids at one time could be stressful)
  • Serious Injury
  • Natural Disaster

4. Discuss your own motives for wanting to help your friends when they face personal or family crisis. What about strangers? This may be done in a group discussion setting.

5. Describe the types of human needs and give a real-life example of each.

6. Explain the steps in crisis intervention process and apply each step to a case study supplied by your instructor.

7. Demonstrate a grasp of basic listening skills by conducting an interview of at least 30 minutes duration. This interview must either be observed by an observer who can recognize listening skills, or taped for review by your instructor. The interview does not have to be with a person who is in crisis, but it must be a real conversation not pretend or role-playing.

8. Explain how to make a referral to a professional counselor or pastor.

References

How to Help a Friend (second edition) by Paul Welter, Tyndale House, Wheaton, Illinois (1991)

Christ-Centered Caring by Ronaele Whittington, AdventSource, Lincoln, Nebraska (1990)

Retrieved from "https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Conflict_Resolution/Answer_Key&oldid=37304"