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| − | [[Image:Knitcable.jpg|thumb|right|A cable-knit piece of fabric]] | + | [[Image:Ribbing.jpg|thumb|right|1x1 Ribbing]] |
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| − | '''Cable knitting''' is a style of [[knitting]] in which the order of stitches is [[permutation|permuted]]. | + | In [[knitting]], '''ribbing''' is a pattern in which vertical stripes of [[basic knitted fabrics|stockinette stitch]] alternate with vertical [[stripe]]s of [[basic knitted fabrics|reverse stockinette stitch]]. These two types of stripes may be separated by other stripes in which knit and purl [[stitch]]es alternate vertically; such '''plissé''' stripes add width and depth to ribbing but not more [[elasticity]]. |
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| − | For example, let there be four stitches on the needle in the order ABCD. The first two may be crossed in front of the next two, forming the order CDAB.
| + | The number of knit and purl stripes ('''wales''') are generally equal, although they need not be. When they are equal, the [[fabric]] has no tendency to curl, unlike stockinette stitch. Such ribbing looks the same on both sides and is useful for garments such as [[scarves]]. |
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| − | ==Methods==
| + | Ribbing is notated by (number of knit stitches) x (number of purl stitches). Thus, 1x1 ribbing has one knit stitch, followed by one purl stitch, followed by one knit stitch, and so on. |
| − | [[Image:cableneedle.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Two different styles of cable needles.]]
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| − | The stitches crossing behind are transferred to a small '''cable needle''' for storage while the stitches passing in front are knitted. The former stitches are then transferred back to the original needle or knitted from the cable needle itself. Other knitters prefer to transfer the stitches to a large safety pin or, for a single stitch, simply hold it in their fingers while knitting the other stitch(es). Cable stitches are generally permuted only on the right side, i.e., every other row. Having a ''spacer row'' helps the fabric to "relax".
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| − | Cable knitting is usually less flexible and more dense than typical knitting, having a much more narrow gauge. This narrow gauge should be considered when changing from the cable stitch to another type of knitted fabric. If the number of stitches is not reduced, the second knitted fabric may flare out or pucker, due to its larger gauge. Thus, ribbed cuffs on an aran sweater may not contract around the wrist or waist, as would normally be expected. Conversely, stitches may need to be [[increase (knitting)|added]] to maintain the gauge when changing from another knitted fabric such as stocking to a cable pattern.
| + | Ribbing has a strong tendency to contract laterally, forming small [[pleat]]s in which the purl stitches recede and the knit stitches come forward. Thus, ribbing is often used for [[cuff]]s, [[sweater]] [[hem]]s and, more generally, any edge that should be form-fitting. The elasticity depends on the number of knit/purl transitions; 1x1 ribbing is more elastic than 2x2 ribbing, etc. |
| | + | However, some cable patterns may "pull in" more than ribbing (i.e., have a smaller [[gauge (knitting)|gauge]]); in such cases, a ribbed border may flare out instead of contracting. |
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| − | Cables are usually done in stocking stitch, with a reverse stocking background, but any combination will do; for example, a background seed stitch in the regions bounded by cables often looks striking. Another visually intriguing effect is '''meta-cabling''', where the cable itself is made up of cables, such as a three-cable plait made of strands that are themselves 2-cable plaits. In such cases, the "inner" cables sometimes go their separate ways, forming beautiful, complex patterns such as the branches of a tree. Another interesting effect is to have one cable "pierce" another cable, rather than having it pass over or under the other.
| + | [[Slip-stitch_knitting|Slip stitch]]es may be added to increase the depth of the ribbing, and to accentuate the stitches of certain wales. For example, the knit stitches can be slipped every other row to double their height and make them come forward. |
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| − | Two cables should cross each other completely in a single row; for example, two cables three stitches wide should cross with the three stitches of one cable passing over the three of the other cable. It is very difficult to make an intermediate crossing row of fewer stitches look good.
| + | Ribs can be decorated with nearly any motif used for a plain knitted fabric, e.g., [[bobble (knitting)|bobbles]], [[cable knitting|cables]], [[lace knitting|lace]], various [[color]]s, and so on. |
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| − | ==Cable braids==
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| − | Cables are often used to make braid patterns. Usually, the cables themselves are with a knit stitch while the background is done in purl. As the number of cables increases, the number of crossing patterns increases, as described by the
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| − | [[braid group]]. Various visual effects are also possible by shifting the
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| − | center lines of the undulating cables, or by changing the space between the
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| − | cables, making them denser or more open.
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| − | A one-cable serpentine is simply a cable that moves sinusoidally left and
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| − | right as it progresses. Higher-order braids are often made with such
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| − | serpentines crossing over and under each other.
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| − | A two-cable braid can look like a rope, if the cables always cross in the
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| − | same way (e.g., left over right). Alternatively, it can look like two serpentines, one on top of the other.
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| − | A three-cable braid is usually a simple plait (as often seen styled in long hair),
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| − | but can also be made to look like the links in a chain, or as three independent
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| − | serpentines.
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| − | A four-cable braid allows for several crossing patterns.
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| − | The five-cable braid is sometimes called the '''Celtic princess braid''', and
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| − | is visually interesting because one side is cresting while the other side is
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| − | in a trough. Thus, it has a shimmering quality, similar to a [[kris]] dagger.
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| − | The six-cable braid is called a '''Saxon braid''', and looks square and solid. This is a large motif, often used as a centerpiece of an aran sweater or along the [[neckline]] and [[hemline]]s.
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| − | The seven-cable braid is rarely used, possibly because it is very wide.
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| − | It may be helpful to think of a cable pattern as a set of serpentine or wave-like cables, each one meandering around its own center line. A vast variety of cable patterns can be invented by changing the number of cables, the separations of their center lines, the amplitudes of their waves (i.e., how far they wander from their center line), the shape of the waves (e.g., sinusoidal versus triangular), and the relative position of the crests and troughs of each wave (e.g., is one wave cresting as another is crossing its center line?).
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| − | New cable patterns can also be inspired by pictures, scenes from nature, Celtic knotwork, and even the [[DNA|double helix of DNA]].
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| − | ==Cable lattices==
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| − | In some cases, one can form a [[latticework|lattice]] of cables, a kind of ribbing
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| − | made of cables where the individual cable strands can be exchanged freely.
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| − | A typical example is a set of parallel 2-cable plaits in which, every so
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| − | often, the two cables of each plait separate, going left and right
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| − | and integrating themselves in the neighboring cables. In the process,
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| − | the right-going cable of one plait crosses the left-going cable of its
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| − | neighbor, forming an "X".
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| − | ==Cable textures==
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| − | Many patterns made with cables do not have a rope-like quality.
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| − | For example, a deep honeycomb pattern can be made by adjacent
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| − | serpentines, first touching the neighbor on the left then the neighbor
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| − | on the right. Other common patterns include a "Y"-like shape (and | |
| − | its inverse) and a [[horseshoe crab]] pattern.
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| − | ==Aran sweaters==
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| − | The height of cable knitting is considered to be the [[Aran sweater]], which
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| − | consists of panels of different cable patterns.
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| − | ==See also==
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| − | * [[Knitting]]
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| | ==References== | | ==References== |
| − | {{No footnotes|date=February 2008}} | + | {{Nofootnotes|date=February 2008}} |
| − | * (2002) ''Vogue Knitting: The Ultimate Knitting Book'', updated ed., Sixth and Spring Books. ISBN-X | + | * (2002) ''Vogue Knitting: The Ultimate Knitting Book'', updated ed., Sixth and Spring Books. ISBN 1-931543-16-X |
| − | | + | * (1979) ''Reader's Digest Complete Guide to Needlework'', Reader's Digest Association. ISBN 0-89577-059-8 |
| − | * (1979) ''Reader's Digest Complete Guide to Needlework'', Reader's Digest Association. ISBN | + | * Thomas M. (1972) ''Mary Thomas' Book of Knitting Patterns'', Dover. ISBN 0-486-22818-5 |
| − | | + | * June Hemmons Hiatt (1988) ''The Principles of Knitting'', Simon and Schuster, pp. 21-22, 214. ISBN 0-671-55233-3 |
| − | * June Hemmons Hiatt (1988) ''The Principles of Knitting'', Simon and Schuster, pp. 41–51. ISBN | |
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| − | * Leapman, Melissa (2006) ''Cables Untangled: An Exploration of Cable Knitting'' , PotterCraft. ISBN | |
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| − | * Snopek Barta, Allison (2009) ''Irish Cable Knitting Aran: Volume One and Volume Two'' [www.irishcableknitting.com]
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| − | * VIDEO ''Irish Cable Knitting (2009) - How to Cable Stitch'' [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mtNBlNhoAI]
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| | {{knitting}} | | {{knitting}} |
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| − | [[Category:Knitting]] | + | [[Category:Knitted fabrics]] |
| | + | [[Category:Knitting ornaments]] |
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| − | [[simple:Cable knitting]] | + | [[sv:Ribbstickning]] |
In knitting, ribbing is a pattern in which vertical stripes of stockinette stitch alternate with vertical stripes of reverse stockinette stitch. These two types of stripes may be separated by other stripes in which knit and purl stitches alternate vertically; such plissé stripes add width and depth to ribbing but not more elasticity.
The number of knit and purl stripes (wales) are generally equal, although they need not be. When they are equal, the fabric has no tendency to curl, unlike stockinette stitch. Such ribbing looks the same on both sides and is useful for garments such as scarves.
Ribbing is notated by (number of knit stitches) x (number of purl stitches). Thus, 1x1 ribbing has one knit stitch, followed by one purl stitch, followed by one knit stitch, and so on.
Ribbing has a strong tendency to contract laterally, forming small pleats in which the purl stitches recede and the knit stitches come forward. Thus, ribbing is often used for cuffs, sweater hems and, more generally, any edge that should be form-fitting. The elasticity depends on the number of knit/purl transitions; 1x1 ribbing is more elastic than 2x2 ribbing, etc.
However, some cable patterns may "pull in" more than ribbing (i.e., have a smaller gauge); in such cases, a ribbed border may flare out instead of contracting.
Slip stitches may be added to increase the depth of the ribbing, and to accentuate the stitches of certain wales. For example, the knit stitches can be slipped every other row to double their height and make them come forward.
Ribs can be decorated with nearly any motif used for a plain knitted fabric, e.g., bobbles, cables, lace, various colors, and so on.
References
Template:Nofootnotes
- (2002) Vogue Knitting: The Ultimate Knitting Book, updated ed., Sixth and Spring Books. ISBN 1-931543-16-X
- (1979) Reader's Digest Complete Guide to Needlework, Reader's Digest Association. ISBN 0-89577-059-8
- Thomas M. (1972) Mary Thomas' Book of Knitting Patterns, Dover. ISBN 0-486-22818-5
- June Hemmons Hiatt (1988) The Principles of Knitting, Simon and Schuster, pp. 21-22, 214. ISBN 0-671-55233-3
Template:Knitting
sv:Ribbstickning
