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| − | {{Original research|article|date=March 2007}} | + | {{honor_header|1|1978|Recreation|General Conference}} |
| − | '''Sprints''' are short running races in [[athletics (track and field)|athletics]]. They are roughly classified as events in which top runners will not have to "pace themselves", but can run as fast as possible for the entire distance.
| + | {{AY Master|Sportsman}} |
| | + | [[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Skill Level 2]] |
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| − | ==Common distances== | + | ==1. Know the basic rules, safety considerations, and warm-up exercises for the six track and field events listed below. == |
| − | ===60 m=== | + | ==2. Run the 50-yard (45.7 meters) dash in the time (seconds) for your sex and age as follows: == |
| | + | {| border="1" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="4" |
| | + | | '''Age''' || 10 || 11 || 12 || 13 || 14 || 15 || 16 |
| | + | |- |
| | + | !style="background:#C0C0FF"|'''Boys''' |
| | + | !style="background:#C0C0FF"|8.2 |
| | + | !style="background:#C0C0FF"|8.0 |
| | + | !style="background:#C0C0FF"|7.8 |
| | + | !style="background:#C0C0FF"|7.5 |
| | + | !style="background:#C0C0FF"|7.1 |
| | + | !style="background:#C0C0FF"|6.9 |
| | + | !style="background:#C0C0FF"|6.7 |
| | + | |- |
| | + | !style="background:#FFC0C0"|'''Girls''' |
| | + | !style="background:#FFC0C0"|8.5 |
| | + | !style="background:#FFC0C0"|8.4 |
| | + | !style="background:#FFC0C0"|8.2 |
| | + | !style="background:#FFC0C0"|8.1 |
| | + | !style="background:#FFC0C0"|8.0 |
| | + | !style="background:#FFC0C0"|8.1 |
| | + | !style="background:#FFC0C0"|8.3 |
| | + | |} |
| | + | ==3. In sprinting, which part of the foot should touch first during the stride? What are the proper arm and head positions? == |
| | + | ==4. Run the 600-yard (548.6 meters) run-walk in the time (minutes/seconds) for your sex and age as follows: == |
| | + | {| border="1" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="4" |
| | + | | '''Age''' || 10 || 11 || 12 || 13 || 14 || 15 || 16 |
| | + | |- |
| | + | !style="background:#C0C0FF"|'''Boys''' |
| | + | !style="background:#C0C0FF"|2'33" |
| | + | !style="background:#C0C0FF"|2'27" |
| | + | !style="background:#C0C0FF"|2'21" |
| | + | !style="background:#C0C0FF"|2'10" |
| | + | !style="background:#C0C0FF"|2'01" |
| | + | !style="background:#C0C0FF"|1'54" |
| | + | !style="background:#C0C0FF"|1'51" |
| | + | |- |
| | + | !style="background:#FFC0C0"|'''Girls''' |
| | + | !style="background:#FFC0C0"|2'48" |
| | + | !style="background:#FFC0C0"|2'49" |
| | + | !style="background:#FFC0C0"|2'49" |
| | + | !style="background:#FFC0C0"|2'52" |
| | + | !style="background:#FFC0C0"|2'46" |
| | + | !style="background:#FFC0C0"|2'46" |
| | + | !style="background:#FFC0C0"|2'49" |
| | + | |} |
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| − | *The [[60 metres]] is normally run indoors, on a straight section of an indoor athletic track (which is only 200 m per lap). As the races last between six and seven seconds, having good [[Reaction time|reflexes]] and thus getting off to a quick start is more vital in this race than any other.
| + | ==5. Answer the following questions about distance running: == |
| − | *This is roughly the distance required for a human to reach maximum speed and can be run with one [[breath]]. It is popular for training and testing in other sports (e.g. speed testing for [[American football]], although [[40 yard dash|40 yards]] is more common there).
| + | ===a. Find two Bible stories that mention distance runners? === |
| − | * The World record in this event is held by American sprinter [[Maurice Greene (athlete)|Maurice Greene]] with a time of 6.39 seconds.
| + | 2 Samuel 18:24-26, |
| − | * 60 metres is used as an outdoor distance used by younger athletes when starting in sprint. The 100 metres is not commonly used as a sprint in age groups below 11.
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| − | ===100 m===<!-- This section is linked from [[Alfréd Hajós]] -->
| + | 2 Samuel 2:18 (questionable) |
| − | *The '''[[100 metres]]''' is the best-known sprint distance, and it is one of the most prestigious events in athletics. It takes place on one length of the home straight of a standard outdoor 400 m track. Often, the world-record holder in this race is considered "the world's fastest man/woman". The current world record of 9.74 seconds is held by [[Asafa Powell]] of [[Jamaica]] and was set on the 9th September 2007 at the IAAF Grand Prix in [[Rieti]], [[Italy]].
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| − | *The 4x100 m relay is another prestigious event, with an average speed that is quicker than the 100 m, as the runners can start moving before they receive the baton.
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| − | *[[World Record progression 100 m men]]
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| | | | |
| − | ===200 m=== | + | ===b What are the proper clothes, including shoes, for distance running in your area? === |
| − | *This begins on the curve of a standard track (where the runners are staggered in their starting position, to ensure they all run the same distance), and ends on the home straight. The ability to "run a good bend" is key at this distance, as a well conditioned runner will be able to run '''[[200 metres]]''' in an average speed higher than his 100 m speed.
| + | ===c. How long is the average track? === |
| − | *This race is run indoors, as one lap of the track, with only slightly slower times than outdoors.
| + | ovals of 400 meters in circumference |
| − | *Four-person relays are occasionally run at this event.
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| − | *A slightly shorter race (but run on a straight track), the [[Stadion (ancient sports)|stadion]], was the first recorded event at the [[Ancient Olympics]] and the oldest known formal sports event in history.
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| − | *The World record in this event is 19.32 seconds, held by [[Michael Johnson (athlete)|Michael Johnson]]. This is the world record with the fastest average speed (it is equivalent to two 9.66 seconds 100 m).
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| − | ===400 m===<!-- This section is linked from [[Robert Garrett]] --> | + | ===d. How far is a marathon race? === |
| − | *'''[[400 metres]]''' is one lap around the track on the inside lane. Runners are staggered in their starting positions to ensure that everyone runs the same distance. While this event is a sprint, there is more scope to use tactics in the race; the fact that 400 m times are considerably more than four times a typical 100 m time demonstrates this. The world record is currently held by [[Michael Johnson (athlete)|Michael Johnson]], with a time of 43.18 seconds.
| + | A marathon race is {{units|42.195 km |26 miles 385 yards}}. |
| − | *The 4x400 m relay is often held at track and field meetings, and is by tradition the final event at major championships.
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| − | * Common tactics include exploding out of the blocks and continuing to run hard through the curve. Then, the runner transits to a more "relaxed sprint" on the 1st straightaway. Once the second curve is reached, he/she starts to accelerate more, sending the body through the last 100 .
| + | ===e. Which part of the foot should touch first during the stride? === |
| | + | The ball of the foot should touch first. |
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| − | ==Uncommon distances== | + | ===f. What are the proper arm and head positions while distance running? === |
| − | ===150 m=== | + | ===g. What is the proper way to breathe? === |
| − | *This informal distance can be used to work on a 100 m runner's stamina, or a 200 m runner's speed, and has been used as an exhibition distance. In a duel between 1996 Olympic champions, the 100 m gold medalist [[Donovan Bailey]] (Canada) beat [[Michael Johnson (athlete)|Michael Johnson]] (USA).
| + | ===h. How does cross-country running differ from running on a track? === |
| | + | ==6. Run one of the following events at least twice and record the best time: == |
| | + | ===a. 50-yard (45.7 meters) dash with four hurdles. === |
| | + | ===b. 70-yard (64.0 meters) dash with six hurdles. === |
| | + | ==7. Do the high jump with good form at least five times and record the highest jump. == |
| | + | ==8. Do a running broad jump three times and record the best length. == |
| | + | ==9. Run the following relays: == |
| | + | ===a. Visual pass relay === |
| | + | ===b. Blind pass relay === |
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| − | ===300 m===
| + | [[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]] |
| − | *Another informal distance, which could be used to aid a 200 m runner's stamina, or a 400 m runner's speed. This is usually run indoors by high school athletes.
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| − | ===500 m===
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| − | *More common than 300 m and 150 m, because this is half a kilometre. This could aid 400 m runners in their stamina, or help a middle-distance runner to gain speed. The borderline distance between sprints and middle distance. This is usually run indoor by high school athletes and on occasion collegiate athletes.
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| − | | |
| − | ===600 m===
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| − | *This uncommon indoor-only event is typically run by high school athletes. It is often run by 400 m runners looking to build endurance, or 800 m runners looking to build speed. It is a demanding race, with many athletes running at a pace just below their 400 m pace. The 600 m is sometimes considered a middle distance event.
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| − | ==Sprinters==
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| − | ===Versatile athletes===
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| − | Most athletes will not be able to compete exclusively in one sprint event. Reasons for this could be pragmatic: only being willing to race over one distance might not earn an athlete enough prize money (or media exposure, which can lead to more money) to survive on. Where this doesn't apply, such as for more high-profile (i.e. rich) runners, an athlete may feel that running over two events is more enjoyable and varied, and gives them a better chance of success.
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| − | The indoor season is often not run by certain high-profile athletes, who may not like the atmosphere, different distances or extra corners involved. Again, some will have to run in this season in order to make a living.
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| − | While certain athletes will be strictly 100 m runners, and will run greater distances only for fun or money, many will compete in multiple events. [[Frankie Fredericks]] was successful over 100 m and 200 m (and ran the 60 m and/or 200 m in the indoor season). [[Michael Johnson (athlete)|Michael Johnson]] won gold medals over 200 m and 400 m in the [[1996 Olympics]], and also in the 4 x 400 m relay. Runners can do well in relays when they are competitive in the individual event.
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| − | There have been a few runners who have competed successfully at both the longer sprints and middle-distance events. [[Alberto Juantorena]] won both the 400 m and 800 m at the [[1976 Summer Olympics]], making him the only athlete ever to achieve such a double.
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| − | ===Hurdlers===
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| − | Sometimes 100 m and 400 m runners have competed in the [[hurdles]] events at the same distances, and there is a certain amount of interchangeability between the flat and hurdle events.
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| − | ===Biological factors for runners===
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| − | Some biological factors that determine a sprinter's potential are:
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| − | *[[Muscle|Muscular]] strength
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| − | *[[Adrenaline]] use
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| − | *[[Anaerobic respiration]] capacity
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| − | *[[Aerobic respiration]] capacity, though more important in longer events.
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| − | ==Other sports==
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| − | *The most common distance for [[Sport rowing|rowing]] races is 2 kilometres. Races may be held at less than 1 km, which are known as dashes.
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| − | *[[Horse Racing]] and [[Hamster racing]] have sprint distance events.
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| − | *[[Track cycling]] features a [[sprint (cycling)|sprint]] event, in which usually two riders compete over a distance of 1000 metres, though only the final 200 m may be timed. However, the time is normally immaterial - the aim is to be first across the line and win two races in a 'best of three races' match.
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| − | *The term sprinting can be applied in any racing sport, such as [[swimming]].
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| − | *A 90 m beach sprint is held in surf lifesaving carnivals in Australia.
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| − | ==See also==
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| − | *[[Athletics (track and field)]]
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| − | *[[Middle distance track event|Athletics middle distances]]
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| − | *[[List of sprinters]]
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| − | *[[Long-distance track event|Athletics long distances]]
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| − | *[[Relay race]]
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| − | *[[Motorsport]]
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| − | ==External links==
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| − | *[http://www.sprintic.com/extras/greatest_sprint_races/ Top 10 greatest sprint races in history]
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| − | {{Track events}} | |
| − | [[Category:Events in athletics]]
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| − | [[Category:Short distance running]]
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| − | [[bg:Спринт]]
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| − | [[ca:carrera de velocitat]]
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| − | [[da:Sprint]]
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| − | [[de:Sprint]]
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| − | [[es:Atletismo velocidad]]
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| − | [[eo:Kurtadistanca kuro]]
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| − | [[fr:Sprint (athlétisme)]]
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| − | [[it:Velocità (atletica)]]
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| − | [[ja:短距離走]]
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| − | [[ka:სპრინტი]]
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| − | [[no:Sprintløp]]
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| − | [[ru:Спринт]]
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| − | [[sq:Sprint]]
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| − | [[simple:Sprint]]
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| − | [[zh:短跑]]
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