AY Honors/Bogs & Fens/Answer Key/es

Pantanos y ciénagas

Nivel de destreza

2

Año

2014

Version

23.11.2024

Autoridad de aprobación

Asociación General

1

¿Qué es un pantano? ¿Cómo es único?

2

¿Dónde se encuentran los pantanos?

3

Nombrar seis cosas que son necesarias para la formación de los pantanos.

4

Nombrar y describir tres diferentes tipos de pantanos verdaderos.

5

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre un pantano y una ciénaga? ¿Qué es la sucesión ecológica y cómo los pantanos y las ciénagas ilustran este proceso?

Bogs and Fens are both sources of peat and have a floating mat of vegetation. The major difference has to do with the water source. Bogs are closed systems that have no connection to groundwater sources, Fens are open systems that depend on a groundwater source (springs). Fens are less acidic, have more nutrients and support a more diverse community of plants and animals. For a fen, the mat of vegetation is composed of herbs and grasses such as Tussock Grass.

6

¿Cuáles son algunas adaptaciones de las plantas de pantanos?

• Exposed leaves are covered in waxy material, have thick woolly hair-like fibers, or hide their pores in deep pits on the underside to conserve nutrients and to reduce toxins such as iron and manganese.
• Grow low to the ground or have slow stunted growth.
• Survive dramatic temperature differences.
• Live in acid conditions with low nutrients.

7

¿Qué es musgo de turbera y cómo es necesario para los pantanos?

Sphagnum flexuosum

Sphagnum Moss or Peat Moss (Family Sphagnaceae) is a plant that shapes and drives bog chemistry. It has gas-filled cells that help it to float and has amazing absorption properties enabling it to hold many times its own weight in water. It grows from the top and dies just a small distance down the stem. It slowly grows out from shore eventually forming a floating mat of vegetation over any open water resulting in the sun not being able to warm the water below. When new moss forms, the old moss is pushed underwater and decays very slowly into peat. As it slowly decays, tannin and acids are released killing bacteria and removing dissolved oxygen that would otherwise cause decomposition to occur, also turning the water brown. Dead peat moss accumulates until it is many feet deep and eventually, given enough time, will reach ground level below and fill the bog completely.. Sphagnum Moss supports a variety of acid loving plants, shrubs and even trees to grow on top of its floating mass over deep water, also called bog forest. When stepped on, the mats shake, tilt and ripple causing even trees to sway. Falling into a bog can be dangerous so it is best to stay on designated boardwalks and trails.

8

¿Qué son las plantas carnívoras y qué las hace específicas a los pantanos? Nombrar y describir por lo menos dos de ellas.

Carnivorous plants trap animal prey (insects) to make up for the loss of nutrients they cannot obtain from the environment. The traps are modified leaves and may be “active” or “passive” depending on how they catch their prey.

Pitcher Plant (Passive)

Pitcher Plant at Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge

These plants form a slippery, colorful cupped leaf, and have a nectar-covered lip to lure insects. When an insect slips and falls in, it is trapped by downward pointing, sharp hairs. It is slowly dissolved in the liquid in the bottom of the cup. There are some insects that thrive in the pitcher plants by having an anti-enzyme that prevents them from being digested by the plant.

9

Nombrar y describir cinco otras plantas o árboles que se encuentran en los pantanos.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Larix laricina

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Picea mariana

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Rhododendron groenlandicum

10

Nombrar y describir cinco animales que se pueden encontrar en pantanos y ciénagas.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Grus Canadensis

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Lithobates sylvaticus

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Picoides arcticus

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Alces alces

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Lycaena epixanthe

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Synaptomys spp

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Species Account/Castor canadensis

11

Contar una historia acerca de los pantanos y extraer una lección espiritual.

This is one example. You can develop your own story.

“And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may prove what is that good and acceptable and perfect will of God.” Romans 12:2 Pitcher plants (Family Sarraceniaceae) are carnivorous plants, meaning they have unique ways of catching insect prey and digesting them to obtain nutrients otherwise not available in their environment. The plant has large "pitcher" shaped leaves that catch rain water. The "lip" of the leaf is pretty colored, fragrant and slippery. Insects are attracted to this, fall in and are trapped, unable to escape due to sharp, down pointing hairs causing the insect to drown. The plant then digests its catch. This family of plants (nine species here in North America) often inhabit peatlands, bogs, pine barrens and other such habitats that are hostile to most other types of plants. In one species, the leaves can grow to be almost 3 feet tall! Strangely enough, some insects and other small creatures survive and even thrive inside the pitcher plant. They may spend some time there and move on or in some cases, make a permanent home. There is a type of mosquito larvae (Pitcher Plant Mosquito – Wyeomyia smithii ) that lives in the very fluid that consumes other types of insects. This mosquito living in the pitcher plants have special anti-enzymes that prevent them from being digested. The Bible is like these anti-enzymes; we must have God's word as part of our whole being, our lifestyle and full commitment. We live in a crazy, scary world yet we are not part of this world. We are only passing through. We are not to be consumed by the things and desires this world has to offer for they result in death, just like insects that fall into the pitcher plant and are digested because they do not have the anti-enzyme. God's word must be written in our hearts and minds. May we encourage each other to become filled with these spiritual "anti-enzymes". (Beckermeyer) (Johnson & Worley, 1985)

12

Hacer al menos dos de las siguientes actividades:

12a

Visitar una exhibición o conservatorio de plantas de humedales, específicamente musgos (de la variedad de Sphagnum si es posible) y plantas carnívoras. Buscar cómo se han adaptado a vivir en suelo pobre, bajas temperaturas y la falta de nutrientes.

12b

Visitar un zoológico donde hay animales de humedales. Si es posible, observar algunos de los que estudió al aprender acerca de los pantanos.

	Tip for earning from home during the pandemic
	You can use webcams or virtual visits to meet this requirement. The Loon Preservation Committee runs a webcam that you can watch in the early summer months to observe a pair of nesting loons as they hatch their eggs and raise their young.

Si piensa visitar un zoológico o acuario, tenga en cuenta que hay varias especialidades que tienen requisitos que se pueden cumplir visitando un zoológico o acuario. Los individuos pueden trabajar en varias especialidades en una visita, o partes de su grupo pueden trabajar en diferentes especialidades durante la misma visita.

Aquí hay una lista de especialidades que tienen requisitos que se pueden cumplir visitando un zoológico o acuario:

Animales nocivos

Animales venenosos

Bosques templados caducifolios

Camuflaje animal

Creacionismo

Dunas

Especies en peligro de extinción

La Creación

Mamíferos marinos

Marsupiales

Migración

Océanos

Pastizales templados

Pesca isleña

Selvas pluviales

Taiga

Tiburones

12c

Ver un DVD o video acerca de pantanos, o plantas o animales que viven en pantanos.

Here is one possibility.

Here is another:

• Bog Restored in New Jersey Nature Preserve PBS, 2m:17s

12d

Dibujar o pintar una imagen de algo en que se ha divertido aprendiendo al estudiar acerca de los pantanos.

You can either create your picture during your visit to a bog or fen, or you can take a picture and work from that when you get back. See the Drawing and AY Honors/Bogs & Fens/Arts and Crafts/Painting honors for tips on creating your artwork.

12e

Hablar con su grupo, escribir acerca de o hacer un video breve acerca de un proyecto real de conservación de un pantano. Explicar por qué este hábitat específico debe ser conservado, es decir, las especies en peligro de extinción de plantas y/o animales que viven allí.

	Tip for earning from home during the pandemic
	This can be done using video conferencing (or by using the writing/short video options).

See the Video honor for instruction on making your video, and be sure to check out the Environmental Conservation and Endangered Species honors while you're researching this option.

References

• Benyus, J. M. (1989). Northwoods Wildlife, A Watcher's Guide to Habitats. Minocqua, WI: Northwood Press.
• Brock, J. P., & Kauffman, K. (2003). Butterflies of North America. New York, New York: Hillstar Editions, L.C and Houghton Mifflin Company.
• Campbell, S., Hunt, A., Kerridge, R., Lynch, T., & Wohl, E. (2011). The Face of the Earth; Natural Landscapes, Science and Culture. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press.
• Eastman, J. (1995). The Book of Swamp and Bog. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvannia: Stackpole Books.
• EcoRiskProfile. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.epa.gov: http://www.epa.gov/region1/ge/thesite/restofriver/reports/final_era/B%20-%20Focus%20Species%20Profiles/EcoRiskProfile_wood_frog.pdf
• Graham, L. E., Graham, J. M., & Wilcox, L. W. (2003). Plant Biology. In Plant Biology. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
• Haslam, S. M. (2003). Understanding Wetlands. New York, New York: Taylor and Francis.
• Johnson, C. W., & Worley, I. A. (1985). Bogs Of The Northeast. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England.
• Larsen, J. A. (1982). Ecology of the Northern Lowland Bogs and Conifer Forests. New York, New York: Academic Press, Inc.
• Milne, L. J., & Milne, M. (1984). The Mystery of the Bog Forest. Toronto, Canada: McClelland and Stewart Limited.
• Mitsch, W. J., & Gosselink, J. G. (1993). Wetlands: Second Edition. New York, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, International Thomson Publishing.
• Moore, P. D. (2008). Wetlands. New York, New York: Facts on File, Inc.
• Niering, W. A. (1989). The Audubo Society Nature Guides, Wetlands. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. and Random House, Inc.
• Root, P., & Bowen, B. (2010). Big Belching Bog. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press.