Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Renewable Energy/Answer Key"

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'''Renewable energy (sources)''' or '''RES''' capture their energy from existing flows of energy, from ''on-going natural processes'', such as [[solar power|sunshine]], [[wind power|wind]], [[hydro power|flowing water]], [[biomass|biological processes]], and [[geothermal power|geothermal]] heat flows.
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The most common definition is that renewable energy is from an energy resource that is replaced rapidly by a natural process such as power generated from the sun or from the wind.
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<!-- 1. What is renewable energy? -->
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Renewable energy is energy whose origins are continually and naturally replenished without human intervention. Examples of renewable energy sources include sunlight, wind, and waves.
  
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Most renewable forms of energy, other than geothermal and [[tidal power]], ultimately come from the [[Sun]]. Some forms are stored solar energy such as [[rain]]fall and wind power which are considered short-term solar-energy storage, whereas the energy in biomass is accumulated over a period of months, as in [[straw]], or through many years as in [[wood]]. Capturing renewable energy by plants, animals and humans does not permanently deplete the resource. [[Fossil fuel]]s, while theoretically renewable on a very long time-scale, are exploited at rates that may deplete these resources in the near future (see: [[Hubbert peak]]).
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<!-- 2. Why is renewable energy important? -->
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As the demand for energy resources continues to climb, mankind is faced with the dilemma of depleting the earth's resources to meet the demand. With the discovery of processes designed to harness clean and renewable energy, depletion of such resources will not be an issue, since they are naturally replenished. In addition, these processes have much less of an environmental impact than conventional methods used to harness resources such as oil.
  
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Renewable energy resources may be used directly, or used to create other more convenient forms of energy. Examples of direct use are [[solar oven]]s, geothermal heating, and [[watermill|water-]] and [[windmill]]s. Examples of indirect use which require [[energy harvesting]] are [[electricity generation]] through [[wind turbine]]s or [[photovoltaic]] cells, or production of fuels such as ethanol from biomass (see [[alcohol as a fuel]]).
 
  
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A parameter sometimes used in renewable energy is the [[tonne of oil equivalent]] (toe). This is equal to 10,000 [[Calorie|Mcal]] or 41,868 MJ of energy.<ref> Unit Converter [http://www.iea.org/Textbase/stats/unit.asp IEA Statistics] (URL accessed [[January 30]], [[2006]])</ref>
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<!-- 3. Describe how each of the following sources is used as a renewable source of energy. Draw an illustration depicting the usage of at least 3 of these renewable sources of energy. -->
  
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For aspects of renewable energy use in modern societies see [[Renewable energy development]]. For a general discussion, see [[future energy development]].
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Wind Power is energy that has been converted from the natural movement of wind by the use of devices such as wind turbines. It is clean, largely available, and produces no greenhouse gas emissions.
  
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wa.. oh yeah right the story so i was walking down google looking at www.habohotel.co.uk
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and i saw a habbo staring at me so asked him what and he said how do i get credits and i sad
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''GO TO HELL YOU FUCKIN BASTARED''
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and i never saw him again
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Bioenergy is biomass energy, which is energy from organic matter. Wood, plants, even the fumes from landfills can be used as a biomass energy source.
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Ethanol is a fuel made from corn, sugar cane and other sources used in auto and jet fuel.
  
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== Small scale energy sources ==
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There are many small scale energy sources that generally cannot be scaled up to industrial size. A short list:
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* [[piezoelectricity|Piezoelectric]] crystals generate a small voltage whenever they are mechanically deformed. Vibration from [[internal combustion engine|engines]] can stimulate piezoelectric crystals, as can the heels of shoes
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* Some watches are already powered by kinetics, in this case movement of the arm
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* [[Electrokinetics]] generate electricity from the kinetic energy in water that is pumped through tiny channels
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* Special [[antenna (electronics)|antennae]] can collect energy from stray radio waves or theoretically even light ([[Electromagnetic radiation|EM radiation]]).
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Geothermal energy is energy that is created and stored in the earth. It can be used for heating for large areas, mineral recovery, and industrial process heating.
  
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== Issues ==
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=== Aesthetics, habitat hazards and land use ===
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Some people dislike the aesthetics of [[wind turbines]] or bring up nature conservation issues when it comes to large solar-electric installations outside of cities. Some people try to utilize these renewable technologies in an efficient and aesthetically pleasing way: fixed solar collectors can double as noise barriers along highways, roof-tops are available already and could even be replaced totally by solar collectors, [[photovoltaic cell|amorphous photovoltaic cells]] can be used to tint windows and produce energy etc.
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Hydropower is energy that is comes from falling water. Most commonly electricity from dams or run of the river generation turbines is created. Other uses are irrigation and (in pioneer times) falling water was directly harnessed with water wheels for the operation of gristmills and sawmills.
  
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Some renewable energy capture systems entail unique environmental problems. For instance, wind turbines can be hazardous to flying birds, while hydroelectric dams can create barriers for migrating fish - a serious problem in the Pacific Northwest that has decimated the numbers of many salmon populations. Burning biomass and biofuels causes air pollution similar to that of burning fossil fuels, although it causes a lower greenhouse effect since the carbon placed in the atmosphere was already there before the plants were grown, rather than being "new" carbon from fossil fuels <!-- this could prolly be phrased better... -->.
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Ocean Energy is energy that is comes from the ocean, which can be responsible for two types of energy: mechanical energy from the tides and waves, and thermal energy from the heat of the sun. It can be used for generating electricity.
  
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Another problem with many renewables, especially biomass and biofuels, is the large amount of land required, which otherwise could be left as wilderness.
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Solar Power is light and heat that is derived from the sun and collected through solar panels. It can be used to generate electricity for a variety of useful applications.
  
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=== Concentration ===
 
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Another inherent difficulty with renewables is their variable and diffuse nature (the exception being [[geothermal energy]], which is however only accessible in exceptional locations). Since renewable energy sources are providing relatively low-intensity energy, the new kinds of "power plants" needed to convert the sources into usable energy need to be distributed over large areas.
 
  
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Electrical power consumption in Western countries averages about 100 watts continuously per person (i.e. about 1 MWh per year). In cloudy [[Europe]] this would require about eight square meters of [[solar panel]]s, assuming a below-average solar conversion rate of 12.5%. Systematic electrical generation requires reliable overlapping sources or some means of [[grid energy storage|storage]] on a reasonable scale ([[hydroelectricity|pumped-storage hydro system]]s, batteries, hydrogen [[fuel cell]]s, etc). So, because of current costs of such energy storage systems, a stand-alone system is only economic in rare cases, or where a connection to a public grid would be impractical.
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<!-- 4. Individually or as a group, discuss some of the earliest forms of renewable energy. Are there energy forms that might have been used before sin? By Noah? By the patriarchs? -->
  
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=== Proximity to demand ===
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The geographic diversity of resources is also significant. Some countries and regions have significantly better resources than others in particular RE sectors. Some nations have significant resources at distance from the major population centers where electricity demand exists. Exploiting such resources on a large scale is likely to require considerable investment in transmission and distribution networks as well as in the technology itself.
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The earliest form of renewable energy was probably the burning of biomass in the form of wood and dried animal dung. The fuel could be stored, and energy was available for immediate use, but the energy could not be kept in storage for afterwards.
  
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Rooftop photovoltaic arrays are especially attractive in that most of the power they produce is consumed in the structure on which they are mounted or in other nearby buildings.
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Some people believe that the pre-flood culture had advanced technologies. Out of place artifacts like machined balls and gold chains inside coal suggest this. Consider how much knowledge a person living hundreds of years and so close to God's perfect creation of Adam and Eve could amass and what they could create with that knowledge. The world had one language as well, and many overlapping generations, facilitating communication.
  
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=== Availability ===
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One recurring criticism of renewable sources is their intermittent nature. Sunlight is only available during the day (50% of the time, on a yearly basis). Wind energy is somewhat more available, while geothermal and wave energy are continuously available, although wave intensity varies by season. A wave energy scheme installed in Australia is generating electricity with an 80% availability factor.
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Additional references are available from the Bible which can provide further insight into this. For example, the sun, the movement of water through rivers, etc.
  
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=== Fossil fuels ===
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Renewable energy sources are fundamentally different from fossil fuel or nuclear power plants because the Sun will 'power' these 'power plants' (meaning sunlight, the wind, flowing water, etc.) for the next 4 billion years. They also do not directly produce greenhouse gases and other emissions, as fossil fuel combustion does. Most do not introduce any global new risks such as [[nuclear waste]].
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<!-- 5. Individually or as a group, show at least five important events in the history of renewable energy through:<br>a. Presentation<br>b. Video<br>c. Interactive game<br>d. Speech<br>e. Display -->
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For this requirement, you will need to research the history of renewable energy, and then present your findings using one of the techniques listed in the requirement.
  
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Fossil fuels are not considered a renewable energy source, but are often compared and contrasted with renewables in the context of [[future energy development]].
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Prior to the development of coal in the mid 19th century, nearly all energy used was renewable. Almost without a doubt the oldest known use of renewable energy, in the form of traditional biomass to fuel fires, dates from the beginning of history.
  
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The traditionally, though not universally, held Western (biogenic) theory postulates that fossil fuels are the altered remnants of ancient plant and animal life deposited in sedimentary rocks. They were formed millions of years ago and have rested underground, mostly dormant, since that time.
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Probably the second oldest usage of renewable energy is harnessing the wind in order to drive ships over water. This practice can be traced back to ships on the Nile.
  
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In contrast, the [[Abiogenic petroleum origin]] theory states that [[petroleum]] (or [[crude oil]]) is primarily created from non-[[biology|biological]] sources of [[hydrocarbon]]s located deep in the [[Earth]]. This view was championed by [[Fred Hoyle]] in his book ''The Unity of the Universe''.  
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The primary sources of traditional renewable energy were human labor, animal power, water power, wind, in grain crushing windmills, and firewood, a traditional biomass. A graph of energy use in the United States up until 1900 shows oil and natural gas with about the same importance in 1900 as wind and solar played in 2010.
  
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Though it is possible to produce complex [[hydrocarbons]] artificially by using the [[Fischer-Tropsch process]], this process does not generate energy, and cannot be considered a large scale solution to the energy problem.
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By 1873, concerns of running out of coal prompted experiments with using solar energy. Development of solar engines continued until the outbreak of World War I. The importance of solar energy was recognized in a 1911 Scientific American article: "in the far distant future, natural fuels having been exhausted [solar power] will remain as the only means of existence of the human race".
  
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The coal industry in the US is publicly claiming coal is renewable energy because the coal was originally biomass. However, the biomass of fossil fuels was produced on the time scale of millions of years through a series of events and it is considered to be a deposit of energy, not an energy flow. Some scientist hold the view that the formation of fossil fuels was a one-time event, made possible by unique conditions during the [[Devonian]] period, such as increased oxygen levels and huge swamps.
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The theory of peak oil was published in 1956. In the 1970s environmentalists promoted the development of renewable energy both as a replacement for the eventual depletion of oil, as well as for an escape from dependence on oil, and the first electricity generating wind turbines appeared. Solar had long been used for heating and cooling, but solar panels were too costly to build solar farms until 1980.
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When the term renewable was introduced (see [[Renewable energy#Defining renewable|Defining renewable]] within this article), it was a generally held belief that the Earth's sources would be depleted within some 50 years. Since then, large deposits of deep-Earth oil have been found, which has extended this timetable. Because the current rate of consumption exceeds the rate of renewal (if, indeed, there is renewal of fossil fuels), the Earth will eventually run out of fossil fuels (''see [[peak oil]]'').
 
  
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=== Transmission ===
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If renewable and [[distributed generation]] were to become widespread, [[electric power transmission]] and [[electricity distribution]] systems might no longer be the main distributors of electrical energy but would operate to balance the electricity needs of local communities. Those with surplus energy would sell to areas needing "top ups". That is, network operation would require a shift from 'passive management' - where generators are hooked up and the system is operated to get electricity 'downstream' to the consumer - to 'active management', wherein generators are spread across a network and inputs and outputs need to be constantly monitored to ensure proper balancing occurs within the system. Some Governments and regulators are moving to address this, though much remains to be done. One potential solution is the increased use of active management of electricity transmission and distribution networks. This will require significant changes in the way that such networks are operated.
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The source of most renewable energy comes from the sun.
  
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However, on a small scale, use of renewable energy that can often be produced "on the spot" lowers the requirements [[electricity distribution]] systems have to fulfill. Current systems, while rarely economically efficient, have proven an average household with a solar panel array and energy storage system of the right size needs electricity from outside sources for only a few hours every week. Hence, advocates of renewable energy believe electricity distribution systems will become smaller and easier to manage, rather than the opposite.
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Renewable energy such as solar energy can be used to supply power larger communities through a solar power station. Tanks of molten salt can be used to store the energy harnessed from the sun for the purpose of generating electricity during cloud cover, or through the night. Renewable energy can also be used for agricultural purposes, providing social services, education, and health care.
  
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== Historical usage of renewable energy ==
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Throughout history, various forms of renewable and non-renewable energies have been employed.
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Fuel made from bio sources like corn is now a common ingredient in automotive fuel.  
  
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*[[Wood fuel|Wood]] was the earliest manipulated energy source in human history, being used as a thermal energy source through burning, and it is still important in this context today. Burning wood was important for both [[cooking]] and providing heat, enabling human presence in cold climates. Special types of wood cooking, [[drying (food)|food dehydration]] and [[smoking (food)|smoke curing]], also enabled human societies to safely store perishable foodstuffs through the year. Eventually, it was discovered that partial combustion in the relative absence of oxygen could produce [[charcoal]], which provided a hotter and more compact and portable energy source. However, this was not a more efficient energy source, because it required a large input in wood to create the charcoal.
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*[[Animal power]] for vehicles and mechanical devices was originally produced through [[animal traction]]. Animals such as horses and oxen not only provided transportation but also powered mills. Animals are still extensively in use in many parts of the world for these purposes.
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Hydro electric power (electricity) is a renewable energy used everywhere the grid goes.
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*[[Human power]] for vehicles, mechanical devices and individual non-machine-aided transportation has been employed throughout human history. Slaves have been used for powering boats and powering construction machinery such as that used to build the [[Egyptian pyramids]]. Today, slaves have largely been replaced by other sources of power to the degree that the average American accesses the same amount of power that otherwise would require 50 slaves. One of the largest uses of human power today is bicycling.
 
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*[[Water power]] eventually supplanted animal power for mills, wherever the power of falling water in rivers was exploitable . Water power through [[hydroelectricity]] continues to be the least expensive method of storing and generating dispatchable energy throughout the world. Historically as well as presently, hydroelectricity provides more renewable energy than any other renewable source.
 
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*[[Animal oil]], especially [[whale oil]] was long burned as an oil for light.
 
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*[[Wind power]] has been used for several hundred years. It was originally used via large sail-blade [[windmill]]s with slow-moving blades, such as those seen in the [[Netherlands]] and mentioned in [[Don Quixote]]. These large mills usually either pumped water or powered small mills. Newer windmills featured smaller, faster-turning, more compact units with more blades, such as those seen throughout the [[Great Plains]]. These were mostly used for pumping water from wells. Recent years have seen the rapid development of wind generation farms by mainstream power companies, using a new generation of large, high wind turbines with two or three immense and relatively slow-moving blades. Today, wind power is the fastest growing energy source in the world.
 
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*[[Solar power]] as a direct energy source has been not been captured by mechanical systems until recent human history, but was captured as an energy source through architecture in certain societies for many centuries. Not until the twentieth century was direct solar input extensively explored via more carefully planned architecture (passive solar) or via heat capture in mechanical systems (active solar) or electrical conversion (photovoltaic). Increasingly today the sun is harnessed for heat and electricity.
 
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*Attempts to harness the power of [[Wave power|ocean waves]] appears in drawings and patents back to the 19th century. Modern attempts to capture wave power began in the 1970's by Professor Steven Salter who started the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. There are several pilot plants generating power into the grid, and many new and curious designs are in various stages of development and testing.
 
  
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== See also ==
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* [[Nuclear power phase-out]]
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* [[Renewable energy development]]
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There are positive incentives for governments to invest in renewable energy sources.
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* [[Renewable energy links]]
 
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* [[Soft energy path]]
 
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* [[Sustainable energy]]
 
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* [[Wave Power]]
 
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* [[Wind power]]
 
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* [[Tidal power]]
 
  
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===The Overall Impact on the Planet=== <!--T:27-->
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{{Commons|Category:Renewable energy}}
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Most sources of renewable energy pose no noxious by-products (the main exception being the burning of biomass). As a result, there is less pollution, waste, and less of a threat concerning extremely destructive natural disasters.
  
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* [http://www.energie-atlas.net/ Atlas of Renewable Energy (in English, French & German)]
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* [http://www.world-council-for-renewable-energy.org/ World Council for Renewable Energy WCRE]
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The reality of global warming has also become a considerable factor with regard to the harmful effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) on the balance of the planet’s ecosystem. The less CO2, the better of our planet would be.
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* [http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse Surface meteorology and Solar Energy - a renewable energy resource for data and images]
 
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* [http://www.greenmountain.com Green Mountain Energy]
 
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* [http://www.renewableenergyaccess.com Renewable Energy News from around the world]
 
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* [http://www.futurecrisis.com/alternative-energy-plans.php Renewable Energy Projects and Daily News]
 
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*[http://www.earthhealing.info/ATFuture.pdf An Appropriate Technology Future]
 
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* [http://energia.co.nr/ Renewable Energy Projects (site in Spanish)]
 
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* [http://www.cus.net/ Renewable Energy]
 
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* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/worldoilboycott World Oil Boycott  Grassroots Organization]
 
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* [http://www.greenprogress.com/alternative_energy.php Green Progress] alternative energy news
 
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* [http://www.solardrome.com SolarDrome Renewable Energy from Around the Web]
 
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* [http://www.greenfuelonline.com/enterprise4.htm Technology turns greenhouse gas emissions to clean air biofuels]
 
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* [http://www.ief-energy.org/ International Energy Foundation]
 
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* [http://www.inboxrobot.com/news/AlternativeEnergy Alternative Energy newsletter for Research Professionals]
 
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* [http://www.nrel.gov/ National Renewable Energy Laboratory (American)]
 
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* [http://www.GenomeNewsNetwork.org/categories/index/energy.php Genome News Network (GNN) Energy News] Collection of articles about how advances in genomics is leading to advances in energy production.
 
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* [http://www.cat.org.uk/ Centre for Alternative Energy (European)]
 
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* [http://www.activistmagazine.com/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=120 Carbon Activism for Beginners].
 
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* [http://www.ecoresearch.net/election2004/report/sentence?s=1 Renewable Energy Media Analysis] &mdash; US Election 2004 Web Monitor
 
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* [http://europa.eu.int/comm/energy/intelligent/index_en.html EU Intelligent Energy], [[energy efficiency]] and [[renewables]].
 
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* [http://www.ademe.fr/ French Agency for the Environment and Energy Management], fields of activity : air quality, wastes, energy-efficiency and renewables, environmental management, polluted soils, transportation
 
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* [http://www.itdg.org/ Intermediate Technology Development Group]
 
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* [http://www.thehydrogenexpedition.com/ The Hydrogen Expedition] Renewable energy world record
 
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* [http://www.aapg.org/explorer/2002/11nov/abiogenic.cfm Abiogenic Gas Debate] On the possible abiogenic origin of fossil fuels
 
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* [http://wiki.greenpowered.org Green Wiki] Collective articles on renewable energy and other topics related to sustainable living
 
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*[http://www.energyorbit.com/ Energyorbit :: Towards Sustainable Power and Renewable Energy]
 
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* [http://energy.sourceguides.com/index.shtml The Source for Renewable Energy] A directory to more than 9000 renewable energy businesses worldwide
 
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* [http://environmental-finance.com Environmental Finance magazine]
 
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* [http://climatechangeaction.blogspot.com/2005/09/energy-efficiency-vs-small-scale.html Renewables vs Energy Efficiency] Where should i spend my money if i want to have a low carbon home?
 
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* [http://europa.eu.int/comm/energy/res/index_en.htm European Union website about renewable energy]
 
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* [http://www.rengen.info/?p=6 The wide world of renewable energy]
 
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* [http://www.offshorewind.net Offshorewind.net] Information on offshore wind energy in the United States.
 
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* [http://www.sterlingplanet.com sterling Planet]
 
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* [http://www.southerngrease.com Renewable Energy - Beginner's tutorial on using renewable fuel in a diesel engine]
 
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* [http://www.alternative-energy-news.info Alternative Energy: News] Consolidated News Links
 
  
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===The Failure of its Technology More Minimized=== <!--T:29-->
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The technology used to harness energy from renewable resources is essentially stable. As a result, insurance companies are more inclined to issue warranties for performance of panels and turbines for 20 years or more. Once these items are installed, they can be relied upon to start working straight away and not stop for years.
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*[http://eia.doe.gov/ U.S. Energy Information Administration] provides a wide range of statistics and information on the industry.
 
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*Boyle, G. (ed.), ''Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future''. Open University, UK, 1996.
 
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*[http://www.eere.energy.gov/ U.S. DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Home Page]
 
  
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[[Category:Climate change]]
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<!-- 9. What are some of the issues facing the use of renewable energy? What are some of the advantages and potential disadvantages of moving away from fossil fuel energy sources to renewable energy? -->
  
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[[cy:Egni cynaliadwy]]
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[[da:Vedvarende energi]]
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Although renewable energy has many advantages with regard to its environmental impact, there are concerns that must be considered as well. The ability to supply energy to meet the demand may pose a problem. Providing renewable energy requires designing and building equipment that will harness and extract it once found. The entire manufacturing process must be considered as well.
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[[de:Erneuerbare Energie]]
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[[es:Energía renovable]]
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The general population has grown accustomed to current resources such as oil for heating. As such, although the development of an cleaner, alternative means that present less of an environmental impact may not gain the momentum desired. Some renewable resources have not been around long and tested long enough for individuals to give up what they are comfortable with for something that may be cleaner.
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<!-- 10. Individually or as a group, build, not from a kit, a device to harness some form of renewable energy. These devices may include:<br>a. Potato clock<br>b. Solar or wind powered motor<br>c. Hydropower lift<br>d. Your choice. -->
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Note: Internet search engines provide tons of information when you type one of the sources of renewable power and “science experiment.” Thus for hydropower you would search for “hydropower science experiment.”
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<!-- 11. Brainstorm a list of at least four Biblical texts/stories that illustrate the use of renewable energy. -->
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===Wind - to move ships through the waters.=== <!--T:34-->
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{{Bible verse
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|book=Jonah
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|chapter=1
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|verse=4
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|version=KJV
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|text=
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“But the Lord sent out a great wind into the sea, and there was a mighty tempest in the sea, so that the ship was like to be broken.”
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}}
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===In Job, Satan used a wind power for evil.=== <!--T:35-->
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{{Bible verse
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|book=Job
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|chapter=1
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|verse=19
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|version=KJV
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|text=
 +
“And, behold, there came a great wind from the wilderness, and smote the four corners of the house, and it fell upon the young men, and they are dead; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee.”
 +
}}
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===Biomass - from firewood=== <!--T:36-->
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{{Bible verse
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|book=Leviticus
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|chapter=1
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|verse=6-8
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|version=KJV
 +
|text=
 +
“And the sons of Aaron the priest shall put fire upon the altar, and lay the wood in order upon the fire: And the priests, Aaron's sons, shall lay the parts, the head, and the fat, in order upon the wood that is on the fire which is upon the altar.”
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}}
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{{Bible verse
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|book=1 Kings
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|chapter=17
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|verse=10-12
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|version=KJV
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|text=
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“And when he came to the gate of the city, indeed a widow was there gathering sticks. And he called to her and said, “Please bring me a little water in a cup, that I may drink.” And as she was going to get it, he called to her and said, “Please bring me a morsel of bread in your hand.”
 +
 
 +
<!--T:38-->
 +
So she said, “As the Lord your God lives, I do not have bread, only a handful of flour in a bin, and a little oil in a jar; and see, I am gathering a couple of sticks that I may go in and prepare it for myself and my son, that we may eat it, and die.”
 +
}}
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<!--T:39-->
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{{Bible verse
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|book=2 Kings
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|chapter=1
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|verse=12
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|version=KJV
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|text=
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“And Elijah answered and said unto them, If I be a man of God, let fire come down from heaven, and consume thee and thy fifty. And the fire of God came down from heaven, and consumed him and his fifty.”
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==References== <!--T:40-->
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[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Do at home{{GetLangSuffix}}]]
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{{CloseHonorPage}}

Latest revision as of 23:36, 3 January 2023

Other languages:
English • ‎español
Renewable Energy

Skill Level

2

Year

2014

Version

27.11.2024

Approval authority

General Conference

Renewable Energy AY Honor.png
Renewable Energy
Nature
Skill Level
123
Approval authority
General Conference
Year of Introduction
2014
See also
Conservation Master Award
Preservation of Water Resources
Climate Science - Advanced


1

What is renewable energy?


Renewable energy is energy whose origins are continually and naturally replenished without human intervention. Examples of renewable energy sources include sunlight, wind, and waves.


2

Why is renewable energy important?


As the demand for energy resources continues to climb, mankind is faced with the dilemma of depleting the earth's resources to meet the demand. With the discovery of processes designed to harness clean and renewable energy, depletion of such resources will not be an issue, since they are naturally replenished. In addition, these processes have much less of an environmental impact than conventional methods used to harness resources such as oil.



3

Describe how each of the following sources is used as a renewable source of energy. Draw an illustration depicting the usage of at least 3 of these renewable sources of energy.



3a

Wind Power


Wind Power is energy that has been converted from the natural movement of wind by the use of devices such as wind turbines. It is clean, largely available, and produces no greenhouse gas emissions.


3b

Bioenergy


Bioenergy is biomass energy, which is energy from organic matter. Wood, plants, even the fumes from landfills can be used as a biomass energy source. Ethanol is a fuel made from corn, sugar cane and other sources used in auto and jet fuel.


3c

Geothermal Energy


Geothermal energy is energy that is created and stored in the earth. It can be used for heating for large areas, mineral recovery, and industrial process heating.


3d

Hydropower


Hydropower is energy that is comes from falling water. Most commonly electricity from dams or run of the river generation turbines is created. Other uses are irrigation and (in pioneer times) falling water was directly harnessed with water wheels for the operation of gristmills and sawmills.


3e

Ocean Energy


Ocean Energy is energy that is comes from the ocean, which can be responsible for two types of energy: mechanical energy from the tides and waves, and thermal energy from the heat of the sun. It can be used for generating electricity.


3f

Solar Power


Solar Power is light and heat that is derived from the sun and collected through solar panels. It can be used to generate electricity for a variety of useful applications.




4

Individually or as a group, discuss some of the earliest forms of renewable energy. Are there energy forms that might have been used before sin? By Noah? By the patriarchs?


The earliest form of renewable energy was probably the burning of biomass in the form of wood and dried animal dung. The fuel could be stored, and energy was available for immediate use, but the energy could not be kept in storage for afterwards.

Some people believe that the pre-flood culture had advanced technologies. Out of place artifacts like machined balls and gold chains inside coal suggest this. Consider how much knowledge a person living hundreds of years and so close to God's perfect creation of Adam and Eve could amass and what they could create with that knowledge. The world had one language as well, and many overlapping generations, facilitating communication.

Additional references are available from the Bible which can provide further insight into this. For example, the sun, the movement of water through rivers, etc.


5

Individually or as a group, show at least five important events in the history of renewable energy through:
a. Presentation
b. Video
c. Interactive game
d. Speech
e. Display


For this requirement, you will need to research the history of renewable energy, and then present your findings using one of the techniques listed in the requirement.

Prior to the development of coal in the mid 19th century, nearly all energy used was renewable. Almost without a doubt the oldest known use of renewable energy, in the form of traditional biomass to fuel fires, dates from the beginning of history.

Probably the second oldest usage of renewable energy is harnessing the wind in order to drive ships over water. This practice can be traced back to ships on the Nile.

The primary sources of traditional renewable energy were human labor, animal power, water power, wind, in grain crushing windmills, and firewood, a traditional biomass. A graph of energy use in the United States up until 1900 shows oil and natural gas with about the same importance in 1900 as wind and solar played in 2010.

By 1873, concerns of running out of coal prompted experiments with using solar energy. Development of solar engines continued until the outbreak of World War I. The importance of solar energy was recognized in a 1911 Scientific American article: "in the far distant future, natural fuels having been exhausted [solar power] will remain as the only means of existence of the human race".

The theory of peak oil was published in 1956. In the 1970s environmentalists promoted the development of renewable energy both as a replacement for the eventual depletion of oil, as well as for an escape from dependence on oil, and the first electricity generating wind turbines appeared. Solar had long been used for heating and cooling, but solar panels were too costly to build solar farms until 1980.


6

Discover the source of most reusable energy.


The source of most renewable energy comes from the sun.


7

What are some commercial and industrial uses of renewable energy?


Renewable energy such as solar energy can be used to supply power larger communities through a solar power station. Tanks of molten salt can be used to store the energy harnessed from the sun for the purpose of generating electricity during cloud cover, or through the night. Renewable energy can also be used for agricultural purposes, providing social services, education, and health care.

Fuel made from bio sources like corn is now a common ingredient in automotive fuel.

Hydro electric power (electricity) is a renewable energy used everywhere the grid goes.


8

Why have many governments invested in renewable energy sources? Be able to cite at least two examples.


There are positive incentives for governments to invest in renewable energy sources.

The Overall Impact on the Planet

Most sources of renewable energy pose no noxious by-products (the main exception being the burning of biomass). As a result, there is less pollution, waste, and less of a threat concerning extremely destructive natural disasters.

The reality of global warming has also become a considerable factor with regard to the harmful effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) on the balance of the planet’s ecosystem. The less CO2, the better of our planet would be.

The Failure of its Technology More Minimized

The technology used to harness energy from renewable resources is essentially stable. As a result, insurance companies are more inclined to issue warranties for performance of panels and turbines for 20 years or more. Once these items are installed, they can be relied upon to start working straight away and not stop for years.


9

What are some of the issues facing the use of renewable energy? What are some of the advantages and potential disadvantages of moving away from fossil fuel energy sources to renewable energy?


Although renewable energy has many advantages with regard to its environmental impact, there are concerns that must be considered as well. The ability to supply energy to meet the demand may pose a problem. Providing renewable energy requires designing and building equipment that will harness and extract it once found. The entire manufacturing process must be considered as well.

The general population has grown accustomed to current resources such as oil for heating. As such, although the development of an cleaner, alternative means that present less of an environmental impact may not gain the momentum desired. Some renewable resources have not been around long and tested long enough for individuals to give up what they are comfortable with for something that may be cleaner.


10

Individually or as a group, build, not from a kit, a device to harness some form of renewable energy. These devices may include:
a. Potato clock
b. Solar or wind powered motor
c. Hydropower lift
d. Your choice


Note: Internet search engines provide tons of information when you type one of the sources of renewable power and “science experiment.” Thus for hydropower you would search for “hydropower science experiment.”


11

Brainstorm a list of at least four Biblical texts/stories that illustrate the use of renewable energy.


Wind - to move ships through the waters.


“But the Lord sent out a great wind into the sea, and there was a mighty tempest in the sea, so that the ship was like to be broken.”
— Jonah 1:4 (KJV)

In Job, Satan used a wind power for evil.


“And, behold, there came a great wind from the wilderness, and smote the four corners of the house, and it fell upon the young men, and they are dead; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee.”
— Job 1:19 (KJV)

Biomass - from firewood


“And the sons of Aaron the priest shall put fire upon the altar, and lay the wood in order upon the fire: And the priests, Aaron's sons, shall lay the parts, the head, and the fat, in order upon the wood that is on the fire which is upon the altar.”
— Leviticus 1:6-8 (KJV)



“And when he came to the gate of the city, indeed a widow was there gathering sticks. And he called to her and said, “Please bring me a little water in a cup, that I may drink.” And as she was going to get it, he called to her and said, “Please bring me a morsel of bread in your hand.” So she said, “As the Lord your God lives, I do not have bread, only a handful of flour in a bin, and a little oil in a jar; and see, I am gathering a couple of sticks that I may go in and prepare it for myself and my son, that we may eat it, and die.”
— 1 Kings 17:10-12 (KJV)



“And Elijah answered and said unto them, If I be a man of God, let fire come down from heaven, and consume thee and thy fifty. And the fire of God came down from heaven, and consumed him and his fifty.”
— 2 Kings 1:12 (KJV)



References

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