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| − | {{This|the medical condition}} | + | {{honor header|2|1938|Health and Science|General Conference}} |
| − | {{SignSymptom infobox |
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| − | Name = Fever |
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| − | ICD10 = {{ICD10|R|50||r|50}} |
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| − | ICD9 = {{ICD9|780.6}} |
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| − | ICDO = |
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| − | Image = Clinical thermometer 38.7.JPG |
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| − | Caption = An analog [[medical thermometer]] showing the temperature of 38.7 °C |
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| − | OMIM = |
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| − | MedlinePlus = |
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| − | eMedicineSubj = med |
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| − | eMedicineTopic = 785 |
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| − | DiseasesDB = 18924 |
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| − | MeshID = D005334 |
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| − | }} | |
| − | '''Fever''' (also known as '''pyrexia''', from the Greek ''pyretos'' meaning fire, or a '''febrile response''', from the [[Latin]] word ''[[febris]]'', meaning fever, and archaically known as '''ague''') is a frequent [[medical sign]] that describes an increase in internal [[body temperature]] to levels above normal. Fever is most accurately characterized as a temporary elevation in the body's thermoregulatory set-point, usually by about 1–2 °C.
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| − | Fever differs from [[hyperthermia]]. Hyperthermia is an increase in body temperature over the body's thermoregulatory set-point, due to excessive heat production or insufficient [[thermoregulation]], or both. [[Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich|Carl Wunderlich]] discovered that fever is not a disease but a symptom of disease.
| + | ==1. Have the First Aid Honor.== |
| | + | {{ay prerequisite|Health and Science|First Aid, Standard}} |
| | + | ==2. What foods are included in the following diets:== |
| | + | ===a. Liquid === |
| | + | *Creamed or clear soup |
| | + | *Any drink following the criteria below. |
| | + | *Pudding |
| | + | *Jello |
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| − | The elevation in thermoregulatory set-point means that the previous "normal body temperature" is considered [[hypothermia|hypothermic]], and effector mechanisms kick in. The person who is developing the fever has a cold sensation, and an increase in [[heart rate]], [[muscle tone]] and [[shivering]] attempt to counteract the perceived [[hypothermia]], thereby reaching the new thermoregulatory set-point. A fever is one of the body's mechanisms to try to neutralize the perceived threat inside the body, be it bacteria or a virus.
| + | For a food to be classified as liquid, it would have to be able to be strained when heated. For example, tapioca pudding would not qualify, but a milkshake without pieces of fruit or other foods would qualify. |
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| − | ==Measurement and normal variation== | + | ===b. Soft === |
| − | When a patient has or is suspected of having a fever, that person's body temperature is measured using a thermometer.
| + | ===c. Light=== |
| | + | This diet is culturally diverse, and includes the following: |
| | + | *Food that is easy to digest. |
| | + | *Not spicy |
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| − | At a first glance, fever is present if:
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| − | * Temperature in the anus (rectum/rectal) or in the ear (otic) is at or over 38.0°C (100.4°F)
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| − | * Temperature in the mouth (oral) is at or over 37.5 °C (99.5 °F)
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| − | * Temperature under the arm (axillary) is at or over 37.2 °C (99.0 °F)
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| − | The common oral measurement of [[normal human body temperature]] is 36.8±0.7 °C (98.2±1.3 °F). This means that any oral temperature between 36.1 and 37.5 °C (96.9 and 99.5 °F) is likely to be normal.
| + | ===d. Full=== |
| | + | A ''full diet'' is also sometimes referred to as a ''general diet''. It includes all food items, including drinks. |
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| − | However, there are many variations in normal body temperature, and this needs to be considered when measuring for fever. The values given are for an otherwise healthy, non-fasting adult, dressed comfortably, indoors, in a room that is kept at a normal room temperature (22.7 to 24.4°C or 73 to 76 °F ) , during the morning, but not shortly after arising from sleep. Furthermore, for oral temperatures, the subject must not have eaten, drunk, or smoked anything in at least the previous fifteen to twenty minutes.
| + | ==3. Know the symptoms of a fever. Know how to take person's temperature. Know how to bring a high temperature DOWN.== |
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| − | Body temperature normally fluctuates over the day, with the lowest levels around 4 a.m. and the highest around 6 p.m. <ref>[http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/body-temperature Body Temperature<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> (assuming the subject follow the prevalent pattern, i.e, sleeping at nighttime and staying awake during daytime). Therefore, an oral temperature of 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) would strictly be a fever in the morning, but not in the afternoon. An oral body temperature reading up to 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) in the early/late afternoon or early/late evening also wouldn't be a fever. Normal body temperature may differ as much as 1.0 °F between individuals or from day to day. In women, temperature differs at various points in the [[menstrual cycle]], and this can be used for [[fertility awareness|family planning]] (although temperature is only one of the variables). Temperature is increased after eating, and psychological factors also influence body temperature.
| + | ==4. Know what is a normal pulse rate, respiration rate, and temperature. Practice taking the pulse rate, respiration rate, and temperature of a friend or classmate.== |
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| − | There are different locations where temperature can be measured, and these differ in temperature variability. [[Tympanic membrane]] [[thermometer]]s measure radiant heat energy from the tympanic membrane (infrared). These may be very convenient, but may also show more variability.
| + | ==5. What is a communicable disease? How is it transmitted? What precautions should be followed to guard against communicable diseases? List safety measures to be observed when caring for a person with a communicable disease in the home.== |
| | + | ==6. What symptoms tell you that a person is physically ill?== |
| | + | ==7. Know how to help take care of a newborn and an aged person in your home.== |
| | + | ==8. Know when and how to wash your hands when caring for a sick person.== |
| | + | ==9. Know how to make a bedridden patient comfortable in bed.== |
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| − | Children develop higher temperatures with activities like playing, but this is not fever because their set-point is normal. Elderly patients may have a decreased ability to generate body heat during a fever, so even a low-grade fever can have serious underlying causes in [[geriatrics]].
| + | Use a draw sheet or a piece of cloth under the patient if available, so they can be turned and pulled up in bed with more ease, preventing friction on their skin. |
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| − | ==Mechanism==
| + | Make sure the person is aligned properly, especially when on their back. |
| − | Temperature is regulated in the [[hypothalamus]], in response to prostaglandin E2 ([[PGE2]]). PGE2 release, in turn, comes from a trigger, a pyrogen. The hypothalamus generates a response back to the rest of the body, making it increase the temperature set-point.
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| − | [[Image:fever-conceptual.svg|thumb|right|400px|'''Hyperthermia''': Characterized on the left. Normal body temperature (thermoregulatory set-point) is shown in green, while the hyperthermic temperature is shown in red. As can be seen, hyperthermia can be conceptualized as an increase above the thermoregulatory set-point.<br />'''Hypothermia''': Characterized in the center: Normal body temperature is shown in green, while the hypothermic temperature is shown in blue. As can be seen, hypothermia can be conceptualized as a decrease below the thermoregulatory set-point.<br />'''Fever''': Characterized on the right: Normal body temperature is shown in green. It reads "New Normal" because the thermoregulatory set-point has risen. This has caused what was the normal body temperature (in blue) to be considered hypothermic.]]
| + | Turn the patient every 2 hours during the day and at least 1 to 2 times during the night if possible. |
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| − | ===Pyrogens===
| + | Prop the patient up prior to eating and a half hour afterwards if possible. Otherwise turn the patient on their left side to eat if able. |
| − | A pyrogen is a substance that induces fever. These can be either [[internal]] ([[endogenous]]) or [[external]] ([[exogenous]]). The bacterial substance [[lipopolysaccharide]] (LPS) is an example of an exogenous pyrogen. Because exposure to exogenous pyrogens can cause a dangerous reaction, the FDA has set limits on the amount of permissible endotoxin in drugs. [[Depyrogenation]] may be achieved through [[filtration]], [[distillation]], [[chromatography]], or inactivation.
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| − | ====Endogenous====
| + | Using a pillow between the knees while the patient is on his side can help prevent skin break down or creating a twist in the spine. |
| − | The [[cytokines]] (such as [[interleukin 1]]) are a part of the [[innate immune system]], produced by [[phagocytic cells]], and cause the increase in the thermoregulatory set-point in the hypothalamus. Other examples of endogenous pyrogens are [[interleukin 6]] (IL-6), and [[tumor necrosis factor-alpha]].
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| − | These cytokine factors are released into general circulation where they migrate to the [[circumventricular organ]]s of the [[brain]], where the [[blood-brain barrier]] is reduced. The cytokine factors bind with [[endothelium|endothelial receptor]]s on vessel walls, or interact with local [[microglial cell]]s. When these cytokine factors bind, they activate the [[arachidonic acid pathway]].
| + | Have the patient by a window if possible or not contraindicated. |
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| − | ====Exogenous====
| + | Have the things a patient can use within reach if applicable. |
| − | One model for the mechanism of fever caused by exogenous pyrogens includes LPS, which is a cell wall component of [[Gram-negative|gram-negative bacteria]]. An immunological protein called [[lipopolysaccharide-binding protein]] (LBP) binds to LPS. The LBP–LPS complex then binds to the [[CD14]] receptor of a nearby [[macrophage]]. This binding results in the synthesis and release of various endogenous [[cytokine]] factors, such as interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and the tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In other words, exogenous factors cause release of endogenous factors, which, in turn, activate the arachidonic acid pathway.
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| − | ===PGE2 release===
| + | Provide an atmosphere conducive to the patient's and families needs if possible. Example, some people do better being in the middle of the daily activities or they may need a quiet place. |
| − | PGE2 release comes from the [[arachidonic acid]] pathway. This pathway (as it relates to fever), is mediated by the [[enzyme]]s [[phospholipase|phospholipase A2]] (PLA2), [[cyclooxygenase|cyclooxygenase-2]] (COX-2), and [[prostaglandin E2 synthase]]. These enzymes ultimately mediate the synthesis and release of PGE2.
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| − | PGE2 is the ultimate mediator of the febrile response. The set-point temperature of the body will remain elevated until PGE2 is no longer present. PGE2 acts on neurons in the [[preoptic area]] (POA) through the [[prostaglandin E receptor 3]] (EP3). EP3-expressing neurons in the POA innervate the [[dorsomedial hypothalamus]] (DMH), the rostral [[raphe]] pallidus nucleus in the [[medulla oblongata]] (rRPa) and the [[paraventricular nucleus]] of the [[hypothalamus]] (PVN). Fever signals sent to the DMH and rRPa lead to stimulation of the [[sympathetic]] output system, which evokes non-shivering thermogenesis to produce body heat and skin vasoconstriction to decrease heat loss from the body surface. It is presumed that the innervation from the POA to the PVN mediates the neuroendocrine effects of fever through the pathway involving [[pituitary gland]] and various [[endocrine organs]].
| + | Provide adequate nutrition and fluids if applicable. |
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| − | ===Hypothalamus response===
| + | Keep the patient clean. |
| − | The brain ultimately orchestrates '''heat effector mechanisms''' via the [[autonomic nervous system]]. These may be:
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| − | * Increased heat production by increased [[muscle tone]], [[shivering]] and hormones like epinephrine.
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| − | * Prevention of heat loss, such as [[vasoconstriction]].
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| − | The autonomic nervous system may also activate [[brown adipose tissue]] to produce heat (non-exercise-associated [[thermogenesis]], also known as non-shivering thermogenesis), but this seems mostly important for babies. Increased heart rate and vasoconstriction contribute to increased [[blood pressure]] in fever.
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| − | ==Types==
| + | Be respective of the patient's dignity. |
| − | According to one common rule of thumb, fever is generally classified [[Significant figures|for convenience]] as:
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| − | {|class="wikitable"
| + | ==10. Show how to feed a helpless patient in bed.== |
| − | |+ Fever classification
| + | ==11. Show how to give liquid medicine and tablets, pills, or capsules to children and adults. Know how to properly apply eye drops.== |
| − | ! Grade !! [[celcius|°C]] !! [[fahrenheit|°F]]
| + | ===Administering Medicines=== |
| − | |-
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| − | | [[low-grade fever|low grade]] || 38–39 || 100.4–102.2
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| − | |-
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| − | | moderate || 39–40 || 102.2–104.0
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| − | |-
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| − | | high-grade || 40–42 || 104.0–107.6
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| − | |-
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| − | | [[hyperpyrexia]] || >42 || >107.6
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| − | |-
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| − | |}
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| − | The last is a [[medical emergency]] because it approaches the upper limit compatible with human life.
| + | ===Applying Eye Drops=== |
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| − | Most of the time, fever types can not be used to find the underlying cause. However, there are specific fever patterns that may occasionally hint the [[diagnosis]]:
| + | :Instruct your patient of the procedure as appropriate. |
| − | *[[Pel-Ebstein fever]]: A specific kind of fever associated with [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]], being high for one week and low for the next week and so on. However, there is some debate as to whether this pattern truly exists.<ref>{{Citation
| + | :The head of your patient should be tipped back. Gently pull down on the skin below the eye and apply the drop in the pocket formed below the eyeball without touching the dropper on the patient. Then gently apply pressure at the tear duct area with your finger when the patient closes their eye. Instruct the patient not the squeeze their eye shut tight. |
| − | | last = Hilson
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| − | | first = A.J.W.
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| − | | last2 = DiNubile
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| − | | first2 = M.J.
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| − | | title = Correspondence
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| − | | journal = New England Journal of Medicine
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| − | | volume = 333
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| − | | pages = 66–67
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| − | | date = 1995-07-06
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| − | | year = 1995
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| − | | url = http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/333/1/66
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| − | | accessdate = 2008-03-18
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| − | | id =
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| − | | pmid = 7777006
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| − | | doi = 10.1056/NEJM199507063330118 }}. They cite [[Richard_Asher|Richard Asher's]] lecture ''Making Sense'' (Lancet, 1959, 2, 359)</ref>
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| − | *Continuous fever: Temperature remains above normal throughout the day and does not fluctuate more than 1°C in 24 hours, e.g. [[lobar pneumonia]], [[typhoid]], [[urinary tract infection]], [[brucellosis]], or [[typhus]]. [[Typhoid fever]] may show a specific fever pattern, with a slow stepwise increase and a high plateau.
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| − | *Intermittent fever: Elevated temperature is present only for some hours of the day and becomes normal for remaining hours, e.g. [[malaria]], [[kala-azar]], [[pyaemia]], or [[septicemia]]. In malaria, there may be a fever with a periodicity of 24 hours (''quotidian''), 48 hours (''tertian fever''), or 72 hours (''quartan fever'', indicating ''[[Plasmodium malariae]]''). These patterns may be less clear in travelers.
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| − | *Remittent fever: Temperature remains above normal throughout the day and fluctuates more than 1°C in 24 hours, e.g. [[infective endocarditis]].
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| − | A neutropenic fever, also called [[febrile neutropenia]], is a fever in the absence of normal immune system function. Because of the lack of infection-fighting [[neutrophil]]s, a bacterial infection can spread rapidly and this fever is therefore usually considered a medical emergency. This kind of fever is more commonly seen in people receiving immune-suppressing [[chemotherapy]] than in apparently healthy people.
| + | [[Image:Eye_iris.jpg|240px]] |
| − | | + | <br style="clear:both"> |
| − | Febricula<ref name=biologyonline>Febricula, definition from [http://www.biology-online.org/ Biology-Online.org], consulted June 7, 2006 [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Febricula http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Febricula]</ref> is a mild fever of short duration, of indefinite origin, and without any distinctive pathology.
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| − | ==Causes==
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| − | Fever is a common [[symptom]] of many medical conditions:
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| − | * [[Infectious disease]], e.g. [[influenza]], [[common cold]], [[HIV]], [[malaria]], [[infectious mononucleosis]], or [[gastroenteritis]]
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| − | * Various skin [[inflammation]]s, e.g. [[boils]], [[pimples]], [[acne]], or [[abscess]]
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| − | * [[Immunology|Immunological]] diseases, e.g. [[lupus erythematosus]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[inflammatory bowel disease]]s
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| − | * Tissue destruction, which can occur in [[hemolysis]], [[surgery]], [[infarction]], [[crush syndrome]], [[rhabdomyolysis]], [[cerebral hemorrhage]], etc.
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| − | * Drug fever
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| − | ** directly caused by the drug, e.g. [[lamictal]], [[progesterone]], or [[chemotherapeutics]] causing [[tumor]] [[necrosis]]
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| − | ** as an adverse reaction to drugs, e.g. [[antibiotic]]s or [[Sulfonamide (medicine)|sulfa drug]]s.
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| − | ** after drug discontinuation, e.g. [[heroin]] or [[fentanyl]] withdrawal
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| − | * [[Cancer]]s, most commonly [[renal cancer]] and [[leukemia]] and [[lymphoma]]s
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| − | * [[Metabolic disorder]]s, e.g. [[gout]] or [[porphyria]]
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| − | * Thrombo-embolic processes, e.g. [[pulmonary embolism]] or [[deep venous thrombosis]]
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| − | Persistent fever which cannot be explained after repeated routine clinical inquiries, is called [[fever of unknown origin]].
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| − | ==Usefulness of fever==
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| − | "Give me a fever, and I can cure any illness." -- [[Hippocrates]] (ca. 400 BC)
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| − | There are arguments for and against the usefulness of fever, and the issue is controversial.<ref name="Schaffner">Schaffner A. Fever—useful or noxious symptom that should be treated? ''Ther Umsch'' 2006; '''63''': 185-8. PMID 16613288</ref><ref name=value>Soszynski D. The pathogenesis and the adaptive value of fever. ''Postepy Hig Med Dosw'' 2003; '''57''': 531-54. PMID 14737969</ref> There are studies using [[warm-blooded]] [[vertebrates]]<ref name="VUB">Su, F.; Nguyen, N.D.; Wang, Z.; Cai, Y.; Rogiers, P.; Vincent, J.L. Fever control in septic shock: beneficial or harmful? ''Shock'' 2005; '''23''': 516-20. PMID 15897803</ref> and [[human]]s<ref name="humans">Schulman, C.I.; Namias, N.; Doherty, J., et al. The effect of antipyretic therapy upon outcomes in critically ill patients: a randomized, prospective study. ''Surg Infect (Larchmt)'' 2005; '''6''':369-75. PMID 16433601</ref> ''[[in vivo]]'', with some suggesting that they recover more rapidly from infections or critical illness due to fever.
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| − | Theoretically, fever can aid in host defense.<ref name="Schaffner" /> There are certainly some important immunological reactions that are sped up by temperature, and some [[pathogen]]s with strict temperature preferences could be hindered.<ref name=Fischler>Fischler, M.P.; Reinhart, W.H. Fever: friend or enemy? ''Schweiz Med Wochenschr'' 1997; '''127''': 864-70. PMID 9289813</ref> The overall conclusion seems to be that both aggressive treatment of fever<ref name="humans" /> and too little fever control<ref name=Schaffner /> can be detrimental. This depends on the clinical situation, so careful assessment is needed.
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| − | Fevers may be useful to some extent since they allow the body to reach high temperatures. This causes an unbearable environment for some pathogens. White blood cells also rapidly proliferate due to the suitable environment and can also help fight off the harmful pathogens and microbes that invaded the body.
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| − | Research<ref>Craven, R and Hirnle, C. (2006). Fundamentals of nursing: Human health and function. Fourth edition. p. 1044</ref> has demonstrated that fever has several important functions in the healing process:
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| − | * increased mobility of [[leukocytes]]
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| − | * enhanced leukocytes [[phagocytosis]]
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| − | * [[endotoxin]] effects decreased
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| − | * increased [[Cell proliferation|proliferation]] of T Cells<ref name="Lewis_2007">Lewis, SM, Heitkemper, MM, and Dirksen, SR. (2007). Medical-surgical nursing: Assessment and management of clinical problems. sixth edition. p. 212 </ref>
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| − | * enhanced activity of [[interferon]] <ref name="Lewis_2007" />
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| − | ==Treatment==
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| − | {{references|section|date=March 2008}}
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| − | Fever should not necessarily be treated. Fever is an important signal that there's something wrong in the body, and it can be used to govern medical treatment and gauge its effectiveness. Moreover, not all fevers are of infectious origin.
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| − | Even when treatment is not indicated, however, febrile patients are generally advised to keep themselves adequately hydrated, as the [[dehydration]] produced by a mild fever can be more dangerous than the fever itself. Water is generally used for this purpose, but there is always a small risk of [[hyponatremia]] if the patient drinks too much water. For this reason, some patients drink [[sports drinks]] or [[electrolyte]]-replacing products designed specifically for this purpose.
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| − | Most people take medication against fever because the symptoms cause discomfort. Fever increases [[heart rate]] and [[metabolism]], thus potentially putting an additional strain on elderly patients, patients with [[heart disease]], etc. This may even cause [[delirium]]. Therefore, potential benefits must be weighed against risks in these patients. In any case, fever must be brought under control in instances when fever escalates to [[hyperpyrexia]] and tissue damage is imminent.
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| − | Treatment of fever is normally done by lowering the set-point, but facilitating heat loss may also be effective. The former is accomplished with [[antipyretic]]s such as [[ibuprofen]] or [[acetominophen]] ([[aspirin]] can be given to adults, but can cause [[Reye's Syndrome]] in children). Heat removal is generally by wet cloth or pads, usually applied to the forehead,<ref name= Craven >{{cite journal
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| − | | author= Craven ,R and Hirnle,C.| title= Fundamentals of nursing:Human health and function. Forth edition.| journal=Antipyretics | year=2006 | pages=1044| volume=11 | issue=7-8 | pmid=15636181
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| − | }}</ref> but also through bathing the body in tepid water. This is particularly important for babies, where drugs should be avoided. However, using [[water]] that is too cold can induce [[vasoconstriction]], and reduce effective heat loss.
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| − | Heat loss may also be accomplished by [[heat conduction]], [[convection]], [[radiation]], or [[evaporation]] ([[sweating]], perspiration), or a combination of these.
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| − | == Fever in domestic animals ==
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| − | Fever is also a important feature for [[diagnosis]] of [[veterinary medicine|diseases in domestic animals]]. Body temperature, always taken by anal way, is different from a species to an other. For example, a [[horse]] is said to have fever at 38.5°C and a [[cow]] only at 39.6°C.
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| − | In species allowing the body to wide range of normal temperatures, like [[camel]]s, it is sometimes difficult to determine a febrile stage.
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| − | == Diseases called "fever" ==
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| − | As fever is a prominent symptom of many diseases, in man and animals, it will often appear in the common appellation of diseases.
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| − | === in humans ===
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| − | * [[Ebola fever]]
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| − | * [[Puerperal fever]]
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| − | * [[Yellow fever]]
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| − | === in animals===
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| − | * [[East Coast fever]] (an African disease of cattle)
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| − | * [[Malignant catarrhal fever]] (a world-wide disease of cattle)
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| − | * [[Milk fever]] (a metabolic illness of cattle with hypothermia)
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| − | * [[Rift valley fever]] (an African disease of sheep)
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| | + | ==12. Demonstrate the method of giving fomentations and foot baths. Explain the value of their use and tell the conditions under which such treatments should be given.== |
| | + | ==13. Demonstrate the application of a heating compress and the use of heat and cold for the treatment of inflammation and bruises.== |
| | + | ==14. Explain how the following natural remedies help in preventing disease: Note how the first letter of each item spells NEW START.== |
| | + | ;a. Nutrition: |
| | + | ;b. Exercise: |
| | + | ;c. Water: |
| | + | ;d. Sunshine: |
| | + | ;e. Temperance: |
| | + | ;f. Air: |
| | + | ;g. Rest: |
| | + | ;h. Trust in God: |
| | ==References== | | ==References== |
| − | {{reflist|2}}
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| − |
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| − | ==Further reading==
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| − | * Rhoades, R. and Pflanzer, R. Human physiology, third edition, chapter 27 ''Regulation of body temperature'', p. 820 ''Clinical focus: pathogenesis of fever''. ISBN 0-03-005159-2
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| − | * Kasper, D.L.; Braunwald, E.; Fauci, A.S.; Hauser, S.L.; Longo, D.L.; Jameson, J.L. ''[[Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine]]''. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005. ISBN 0-07-139140-1.
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| − | == External links ==
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| − | * [http://www.seattlechildrens.org/child_health_safety/health_advice/fever.asp What to do if your child has a fever] from Seattle Children's Hospital
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| − | * [http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body/fever.html Fever and Taking Your Child's Temperature]
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| − | * [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003090.htm US National Institute of Health factsheet]
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| − | * [http://hcd2.bupa.co.uk/fact_sheets/html/fever.html BUPA factsheet]
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| − | {{General symptoms and signs}}
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| − | [[Category:Symptoms]]
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| − | [[io:Febro]]
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| − | [[id:Demam]]
| |
| − | [[it:Febbre]]
| |
| − | [[he:חום (תסמין)]]
| |
| − | [[la:Febris]]
| |
| − | [[ln:Fɛ́fɛlɛ]]
| |
| − | [[hu:Láz]]
| |
| − | [[ml:പനി]]
| |
| − | [[ms:Demam]]
| |
| − | [[nl:Koorts]]
| |
| − | [[new:ज्वर]]
| |
| − | [[ja:発熱]]
| |
| − | [[no:Feber]]
| |
| − | [[nn:Feber]]
| |
| − | [[ps:تبه]]
| |
| − | [[pl:Gorączka]]
| |
| − | [[pt:Febre]]
| |
| − | [[qu:Ruphariy]]
| |
| − | [[ru:Лихорадка]]
| |
| − | [[scn:Frevi]]
| |
| − | [[si:උණ]]
| |
| − | [[simple:Fever]]
| |
| − | [[sk:Horúčka]]
| |
| − | [[sl:Vročina]]
| |
| − | [[fi:Kuume]]
| |
| − | [[sv:Feber]]
| |
| − | [[ta:காய்ச்சல்]]
| |
| − | [[te:జ్వరం]]
| |
| − | [[uk:Лихоманка]]
| |
| − | [[vec:Fevra]]
| |
| − | [[wa:Five]]
| |
| − | [[yi:פיווער]]
| |
| − | [[zh:发热]]
| |
