Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Plastic Canvas/Answer Key"

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'''Worsted''' is the name of a [[yarn]], the [[cloth]] made from this yarn, as well as a yarn weight category. The name derives from the village of [[Worstead]] in the [[England|English]] county of [[Norfolk]]. This village became, along with [[North Walsham]] and [[Aylsham]], a centre for the manufacture of yarn and cloth after weavers from [[Flanders]] arrived in Norfolk in the 12th century.<ref>''[http://www.worstead.co.uk/history_village.htm Worstead village history]''. Retrieved [[December 15]], [[2005]].</ref>
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{{honor_header|1|2006|Arts and Crafts|North American Division}}
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==1. What is plastic canvas? ==
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[[Image:Fdtrain.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Train made in Plastic Canvas]]
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:Wikipedia on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_canvas Plastic canvas].
  
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==Technique & Preparation==
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:* Plastic canvas is a lightweight plastic material with regularly spaced holes in imitation of embroidery canvas. It is also commonly known as vinyl weave.
  
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The essential feature of a worsted yarn is straightness of fibre, in that the fibres lie parallel to each other. Traditionally, long, fine [[Staple (textiles)|staple]] [[wool]] was [[Spinning (textiles)|spun]] to create worsted yarn, but other long [[fibre]]s are also used today.  
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[[Image:Plastic-canvas.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Plastic Canvas close-up]]
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:* Plastic canvas is as the base/foundation for needlepoint or other canvas work embroidery, usually in acrylic or wool knitting yarn. Because the plastic is rigid, it can be used in creating 3-dimensional projects like tissue box covers, small jewelry boxes, handbags, and other decorative items.
  
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Many spinners differentiate between worsted preparation and worsted spinning. Worsted preparation refers to the way the fibre is prepared before spinning, using combs to force the fibre staples to lie parallel to each other. This produces overlapping untwisted strands called "slivers". Worsted spinning refers to using a worsted technique, which produces a smooth yarn with no air. Combinations of worsted preparation and worsted spinning with other techniques produce different types of yarn, notably semi-worsted yarn.
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:* Plastic canvas comes in many colors and various size holes for different thicknesses of yarn. As with textile canvas, these are described in count – 10-count plastic canvas has 10 holes per linear inch. Typical sizes are 7-, 10-, and 14 count. It also comes in pre-made shapes such as circles, triangles, as well as novelty shapes (e.g. dinosaurs, birds, etc).
  
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A [[roving]] is often used to spin woolen yarn, and [[wool top]] is often used to spin worsted yarn. Many hand spinners buy their fibre in roving or top form. Top and roving are rope like in appearance, in that they can be thick and long. While some mills put a slight twist in the rovings they make, it is not enough twist to be a yarn. The fibers in top all lie parallel to one another along the length, which makes top ideal for spinning worsted yarns. The fibers in roving all lie crossed to one another along the length, which makes roving ideal for spinning woolen yarns.
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:* Plastic canvas is also used to teach needlepoint and cross stitch to children, because it is rigid and does not need the use of a hoop or frame.
  
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Contrast [[woolen]].
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<br style="clear:both">
  
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==The cloth==
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==2. Name four(4) types of plastic canvas and give a brief description of each. ==  
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==3. Which type of yarn is best for use on plastic canvas? ==
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==4. Describe the following types of yarn and say on which type of canvas they work best: ==
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===a. Worsted Weight Yarn ===
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:* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worsted
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===b. Sport Weight Yarn ===
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:*
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===c. Tapestry Yarn ===
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:* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapestry
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===d. Persian Wool ===
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:*
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===e. Pearl Cotton ===
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:*
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===f. Embroidery Floss ===
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:*
  
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Worsted cloth, archaically also known as "stuff", is lightweight and has a coarse texture. The [[weaving|weave]] is usually [[twill]] or plain. Twilled fabrics such as [[whipcord]], [[gabardine]] and [[serge]] are often made from worsted yarn. Worsted fabric made from wool has a natural recovery, meaning that it is resilient and quickly returns to its natural shape, but non-glossy worsted will shine with use or abrasion.
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==5. What type of needle is used on plastic canvas? Which size needle is used on each type of plastic canvas? ==
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==6. Which instruments are used for cutting plastic canvas? How do you cut plastic canvas? ==
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==7. Name at least ten (10) stitches and make a one-inch sample of each. ==
  
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Worsteds differs from [[woolen]]s, in that the natural crimp of the wool fibre is removed in the process of spinning the yarn. In Tropical Worsteds, this use of tightly-spun straightened wool, combined with a looser weave, permits the free flow of air through the fabric.  
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===Tent Stitch===
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<gallery>
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Image:Basketweavestitch.png|Basketweave tent stitch
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Image:Continentalstitch.png|Continental tent stitch
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Image:Halfcrossstitch.png|Half cross tent stitch
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</gallery>
  
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Worsted is also used for [[carpet]]s, [[Clothing|garments]], [[hosiery]], [[glove]]s, and [[baize]].
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'''Tent stitch''' is a small, diagonal [[W:embroidery stitch|embroidery stitch]] that crosses over the intersection of one horizontal and one vertical thread of  needlepoint [[W:canvas|canvas]] forming a slanted stitch at a 45 degree angle. It is also known as '''Petit point''' and '''Needlepoint stitch''' and is one of the most basic and versatile stitches used in [[W:Needlepoint|Needlepoint]] and other [[W:Canvas work|Canvas work]] embroidery.
  
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==Weight==
 
  
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The term "worsted" is often applied to any yarn spun from fibres three inches in length or longer that have been carded or combed, and spun, not just wool. [[Acrylic fiber|Acrylic]] and other yarns can be called "worsted," and this is a reference to the weight of the yarn as much as the production process.
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=== Tent stitch variants ===
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There are three types of tent stitch, all producing the same appearance on the front of the canvas but each worked in a slightly different way and having particular characteristics, uses, benefits and drawbacks. These variants of tent stitch are known as '''basketweave''', '''continental''' and '''half cross''' tent stitches:
  
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A worsted yarn generally has a [[gauge (knitting)|gauge]] of about 16-20 stitches per 10 centimeters using US size 9 needles, though this definition may vary slightly in different countries.
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*  '''Basketweave tent stitch'''<br>The basketweave form of tent stitch is worked in '''diagonal''' rows up and down the canvas. The yarn on the back of the canvas has a typical basketweave appearance, with alternating horizontal and vertical stitches. Basketweave is the best stitch to use for covering large areas of canvas as it does not distort the canvas as the other two forms of tent stitch do.
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*  '''Continental tent stitch'''<br>Continental stitch is worked from right to left across the canvas. It's primary use is for working a single row of stitching but may be worked in multiple rows if necessary. It can also be used for stitching vertical lines. It is normally used for working a single line or for filling very small areas because of the tendency of the stitch tension to pull and distort the canvas ground fabric out of shape. This method uses more yarn than half cross stitch tent stitch but is more hardwearing.
  
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==History==
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* '''Half cross tent stitch'''<br>Half cross stitch is worked from left to right across the canvas. As with Continental tent stitch it's primary use is for working a single row of stitching but may be worked in multiple rows if necessary. It can also be used for stitching vertical lines. It is normally used for working a single line or for filling very small areas because of the tendency of the stitch tension to pull and distort the canvas ground fabric out of shape. This method uses less yarn than other stitches but is not very durable as coverage on the back of the canvas is a little thin.
  
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Prior to the introduction of automatic machinery there was little difficulty in attaining a straight fibre, as long wool was always used, and the sliver was made up by hand, using combs.  However, with the introduction of [[Richard Arkwright]]'s [[water frame]] in 1771, and the later introduction of cap and mule spinning machines, the need for perfectly prepared slivers became apparent, and many [[factory|manufactories]] used one or more preparatory "gill-boxes" (combing machines) before the worsting process, to ensure straightness of fibre and even distribution of the [[lubricant]].
 
  
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== References ==
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===Bargello Technique===
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<references />
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[[W:Bargello|Bargello]] refers not just a stitching technique, but motifs created by the change of colors in the stitches. This section describes the vertical stitch and how it is combined with color and ‘stepping’ to create different motifs.
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*{{1911}}
 
  
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==External Links==
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==== Examples ====
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*[http://www.yarnstandards.com/weight.html Standard Yarn Weight System] - Lists recommended needles sizes, gauge, etc. for the various yarn weight categories.
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''Image(s) created and licensed by Elizabeth Pyatt.''
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<gallery>
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Image:Flame.png|'''Flame stitch motif'''.<br>''Stitches step sharply across the design''.
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Image:DiamondBargello.png|'''Diamond motif'''.<br>''Stitches step sharply across the designs and color changes cause diamonds to appear''.
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Image:Ribbons.png|'''Ribbon design'''.<br>''Stitches are gradually stepped in different colors''.
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Image:MedalionWiki.png|'''Medallion design'''.<br>''Stitches are gradually stepped and color changes causes spheres or medallions to appear''.
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</gallery>
  
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<BR>
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===Vertical Stitches===
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Most agree that traditional Bargello pieces incorporate a series of all vertical stitches (vs. diagonal stitches). The basic unit is usually a vertical stitch of four threads, but other heights are possible.
  
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{{Template:Spinning}}
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Some Bargello pieces use only one height of stitch, but even the earliest pieces (such as chairs in the Bargello museum) combined different heights of stitches.
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[[Category:Spinning]]
 
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[[Category:Woven fabrics]]
 
  
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[[de:Kammgarn]]
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===Stepping===
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Bargello patterns are formed when vertical stitches are '''stepped''' or offset vertically, usually by two threads (i.e. halfway down a unit of four threads). The patterns in the steps combined with color changes determines how the overall pattern will emerge.
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===Flame (Sharp) vs. Curved Motifs===
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If vertical stitches are stepped down quickly, the design forms sharp points or zig-zags.  This type of Bargello motif is often known as "flame stitch." Flame stitch can be found on the Bargello Museum chairs.
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If steps are gradual, then the design will appear to be curved. Traditional curved bargello motifs include medallions and ribbons.
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==8. Make two of the following items using three different stitches. ==
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===a. Coaster ===
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===b. Bookmark ===
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===c. Picture Frame ===
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===d. Refrigerator Magnet ===
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===e. Christmas Ornament ===
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===f. Door Hanger ===
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==9. Make one of the following using four different stitches: ==
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===a. Tissue Box Cover ===
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===b. Tote Bag ===
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===c. Floppy Disk Holder ===
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:Yikes! [[W:Floppy_disk|This is a floppy disk]].
 +
 
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===d. Trinket/Coaster Box ===
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==References==
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* [http://www.adventsource.org/file.aspx?ID=35174 Requirements from efiles at Advent Source]
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_canvas
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bargello_%28needlework%29
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[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]

Revision as of 17:38, 3 October 2007

Template:Honor header

1. What is plastic canvas?

Train made in Plastic Canvas
Wikipedia on Plastic canvas.
  • Plastic canvas is a lightweight plastic material with regularly spaced holes in imitation of embroidery canvas. It is also commonly known as vinyl weave.
Plastic Canvas close-up
  • Plastic canvas is as the base/foundation for needlepoint or other canvas work embroidery, usually in acrylic or wool knitting yarn. Because the plastic is rigid, it can be used in creating 3-dimensional projects like tissue box covers, small jewelry boxes, handbags, and other decorative items.
  • Plastic canvas comes in many colors and various size holes for different thicknesses of yarn. As with textile canvas, these are described in count – 10-count plastic canvas has 10 holes per linear inch. Typical sizes are 7-, 10-, and 14 count. It also comes in pre-made shapes such as circles, triangles, as well as novelty shapes (e.g. dinosaurs, birds, etc).
  • Plastic canvas is also used to teach needlepoint and cross stitch to children, because it is rigid and does not need the use of a hoop or frame.


2. Name four(4) types of plastic canvas and give a brief description of each.

3. Which type of yarn is best for use on plastic canvas?

4. Describe the following types of yarn and say on which type of canvas they work best:

a. Worsted Weight Yarn

b. Sport Weight Yarn

c. Tapestry Yarn

d. Persian Wool

e. Pearl Cotton

f. Embroidery Floss

5. What type of needle is used on plastic canvas? Which size needle is used on each type of plastic canvas?

6. Which instruments are used for cutting plastic canvas? How do you cut plastic canvas?

7. Name at least ten (10) stitches and make a one-inch sample of each.

Tent Stitch

  • Basketweave tent stitch

  • Continental tent stitch

  • Half cross tent stitch

Tent stitch is a small, diagonal embroidery stitch that crosses over the intersection of one horizontal and one vertical thread of needlepoint canvas forming a slanted stitch at a 45 degree angle. It is also known as Petit point and Needlepoint stitch and is one of the most basic and versatile stitches used in Needlepoint and other Canvas work embroidery.


Tent stitch variants

There are three types of tent stitch, all producing the same appearance on the front of the canvas but each worked in a slightly different way and having particular characteristics, uses, benefits and drawbacks. These variants of tent stitch are known as basketweave, continental and half cross tent stitches:

  • Basketweave tent stitch
    The basketweave form of tent stitch is worked in diagonal rows up and down the canvas. The yarn on the back of the canvas has a typical basketweave appearance, with alternating horizontal and vertical stitches. Basketweave is the best stitch to use for covering large areas of canvas as it does not distort the canvas as the other two forms of tent stitch do.
  • Continental tent stitch
    Continental stitch is worked from right to left across the canvas. It's primary use is for working a single row of stitching but may be worked in multiple rows if necessary. It can also be used for stitching vertical lines. It is normally used for working a single line or for filling very small areas because of the tendency of the stitch tension to pull and distort the canvas ground fabric out of shape. This method uses more yarn than half cross stitch tent stitch but is more hardwearing.
  • Half cross tent stitch
    Half cross stitch is worked from left to right across the canvas. As with Continental tent stitch it's primary use is for working a single row of stitching but may be worked in multiple rows if necessary. It can also be used for stitching vertical lines. It is normally used for working a single line or for filling very small areas because of the tendency of the stitch tension to pull and distort the canvas ground fabric out of shape. This method uses less yarn than other stitches but is not very durable as coverage on the back of the canvas is a little thin.


Bargello Technique

Bargello refers not just a stitching technique, but motifs created by the change of colors in the stitches. This section describes the vertical stitch and how it is combined with color and ‘stepping’ to create different motifs.

Examples

Image(s) created and licensed by Elizabeth Pyatt.

  • Flame stitch motif.
    Stitches step sharply across the design.

  • Diamond motif.
    Stitches step sharply across the designs and color changes cause diamonds to appear.

  • Ribbons.png

    Ribbon design.
    Stitches are gradually stepped in different colors.

  • Medallion design.
    Stitches are gradually stepped and color changes causes spheres or medallions to appear.

Vertical Stitches

Most agree that traditional Bargello pieces incorporate a series of all vertical stitches (vs. diagonal stitches). The basic unit is usually a vertical stitch of four threads, but other heights are possible.

Some Bargello pieces use only one height of stitch, but even the earliest pieces (such as chairs in the Bargello museum) combined different heights of stitches.

Stepping

Bargello patterns are formed when vertical stitches are stepped or offset vertically, usually by two threads (i.e. halfway down a unit of four threads). The patterns in the steps combined with color changes determines how the overall pattern will emerge.

Flame (Sharp) vs. Curved Motifs

If vertical stitches are stepped down quickly, the design forms sharp points or zig-zags. This type of Bargello motif is often known as "flame stitch." Flame stitch can be found on the Bargello Museum chairs.

If steps are gradual, then the design will appear to be curved. Traditional curved bargello motifs include medallions and ribbons.

8. Make two of the following items using three different stitches.

a. Coaster

b. Bookmark

c. Picture Frame

d. Refrigerator Magnet

e. Christmas Ornament

f. Door Hanger

9. Make one of the following using four different stitches:

a. Tissue Box Cover

b. Tote Bag

c. Floppy Disk Holder

Yikes! This is a floppy disk.

d. Trinket/Coaster Box

References

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