Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Knitting/Answer Key"

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A cable-knit piece of fabric

Cable knitting is a style of knitting in which the order of stitches is permuted.

For example, let there be four stitches on the needle in the order ABCD. The first two may be crossed in front of the next two, forming the order CDAB.

Methods

Two different styles of cable needles.

The stitches crossing behind are transferred to a small cable needle for storage while the stitches passing in front are knitted. The former stitches are then transferred back to the original needle or knitted from the cable needle itself. Other knitters prefer to transfer the stitches to a large safety pin or, for a single stitch, simply hold it in their fingers while knitting the other stitch(es). Cable stitches are generally permuted only on the right side, i.e., every other row. Having a spacer row helps the fabric to "relax".

Cable knitting is usually less flexible and more dense than typical knitting, having a much more narrow gauge. This narrow gauge should be considered when changing from the cable stitch to another type of knitted fabric. If the number of stitches is not reduced, the second knitted fabric may flare out or pucker, due to its larger gauge. Thus, ribbed cuffs on an aran sweater may not contract around the wrist or waist, as would normally be expected. Conversely, stitches may need to be added to maintain the gauge when changing from another knitted fabric such as stocking to a cable pattern.

Cables are usually done in stocking stitch, with a reverse stocking background, but any combination will do; for example, a background seed stitch in the regions bounded by cables often looks striking. Another visually intriguing effect is meta-cabling, where the cable itself is made up of cables, such as a three-cable plait made of strands that are themselves 2-cable plaits. In such cases, the "inner" cables sometimes go their separate ways, forming beautiful, complex patterns such as the branches of a tree. Another interesting effect is to have one cable "pierce" another cable, rather than having it pass over or under the other.

Two cables should cross each other completely in a single row; for example, two cables three stitches wide should cross with the three stitches of one cable passing over the three of the other cable. It is very difficult to make an intermediate crossing row of fewer stitches look good.

Cable braids

Cables are often used to make braid patterns. Usually, the cables themselves are with a knit stitch while the background is done in purl. As the number of cables increases, the number of crossing patterns increases, as described by the braid group. Various visual effects are also possible by shifting the center lines of the undulating cables, or by changing the space between the cables, making them denser or more open.

A one-cable serpentine is simply a cable that moves sinusoidally left and right as it progresses. Higher-order braids are often made with such serpentines crossing over and under each other.

A two-cable braid can look like a rope, if the cables always cross in the same way (e.g., left over right). Alternatively, it can look like two serpentines, one on top of the other.

A three-cable braid is usually a simple plait (as often seen styled in long hair), but can also be made to look like the links in a chain, or as three independent serpentines.

A four-cable braid allows for several crossing patterns.

The five-cable braid is sometimes called the Celtic princess braid, and is visually interesting because one side is cresting while the other side is in a trough. Thus, it has a shimmering quality, similar to a kris dagger.

The six-cable braid is called a Saxon braid, and looks square and solid. This is a large motif, often used as a centerpiece of an aran sweater or along the neckline and hemlines.

The seven-cable braid is rarely used, possibly because it is very wide.

It may be helpful to think of a cable pattern as a set of serpentine or wave-like cables, each one meandering around its own center line. A vast variety of cable patterns can be invented by changing the number of cables, the separations of their center lines, the amplitudes of their waves (i.e., how far they wander from their center line), the shape of the waves (e.g., sinusoidal versus triangular), and the relative position of the crests and troughs of each wave (e.g., is one wave cresting as another is crossing its center line?).

New cable patterns can also be inspired by pictures, scenes from nature, Celtic knotwork, and even the double helix of DNA.

Cable lattices

In some cases, one can form a lattice of cables, a kind of ribbing made of cables where the individual cable strands can be exchanged freely. A typical example is a set of parallel 2-cable plaits in which, every so often, the two cables of each plait separate, going left and right and integrating themselves in the neighboring cables. In the process, the right-going cable of one plait crosses the left-going cable of its neighbor, forming an "X".

Cable textures

Many patterns made with cables do not have a rope-like quality. For example, a deep honeycomb pattern can be made by adjacent serpentines, first touching the neighbor on the left then the neighbor on the right. Other common patterns include a "Y"-like shape (and its inverse) and a horseshoe crab pattern.

Aran sweaters

The height of cable knitting is considered to be the Aran sweater, which consists of panels of different cable patterns.

References

Template:No footnotes

(2002) Vogue Knitting: The Ultimate Knitting Book, updated ed., Sixth and Spring Books. ISBN-X

(1979) Reader's Digest Complete Guide to Needlework, Reader's Digest Association. ISBN

June Hemmons Hiatt (1988) The Principles of Knitting, Simon and Schuster, pp. 41–51. ISBN

Leapman, Melissa (2006) Cables Untangled: An Exploration of Cable Knitting , PotterCraft. ISBN

Snopek Barta, Allison (2009) Irish Cable Knitting Aran: Volume One and Volume Two [www.irishcableknitting.com]

VIDEO Irish Cable Knitting (2009) - How to Cable Stitch [1]

Template:Knitting

simple:Cable knitting

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{honor_header|2|1970|Arts and Crafts|General Conference}}
+[[Image:Knitcable.jpg|thumb|right|A cable-knit piece of fabric]]
-==1. Define the following:==
-These abbreviations are a form of shorthand used to describe knitting patterns.
-;a. K: Knit stitch
-;b. P: Purl
-;c. STS: Stitches
-;d. RND: Rounds
-;e. TOG: Together
-;f. PSSO: '''P'''ass '''S'''lipped '''S'''titch '''O'''ver
-;g. INC: Increase or Increasing
-;h. DEC: Decrease or Decreasing
-;i. YO: '''Y'''arn '''O'''ver
-==2. Demonstrate the following: ==
+'''Cable knitting''' is a style of [[knitting]] in which the order of stitches is [[permutation|permuted]].
-===a. Cast on  ===
-The single cast on is probably the easiest to learn, but its a little more difficult to knit evenly with this cast on.  The knitted cast on is a little more difficult to learn, but very similar to the knit stitch, and is a little easier to knit evenly from.
-Instructional videos of how to do these cast-ons can be found here: http://www.knittinghelp.com/videos/cast-on
+For example, let there be four stitches on the needle in the order ABCD.  The first two may be crossed in front of the next two, forming the order CDAB.
-===b. Bind off  ===
+==Methods==
-The basic knit and basic purl bind offs (or cast-offs) are the simplest and easiest to learn.  Be aware that they do create an edge that is not as stretchy as other bind-offs might.
+[[Image:cableneedle.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Two different styles of cable needles.]]
+The stitches crossing behind are transferred to a small '''cable needle''' for storage while the stitches passing in front are knitted.  The former stitches are then transferred back to the original needle or knitted from the cable needle itself.  Other knitters prefer to transfer the stitches to a large safety pin or, for a single stitch, simply hold it in their fingers while knitting the other stitch(es).  Cable stitches are generally permuted only on the right side, i.e., every other row. Having a ''spacer row'' helps the fabric to "relax".
-Videos of how to do the basic knit and purl bind-offs can be found here: http://www.knittinghelp.com/videos/casting-off
+Cable knitting is usually less flexible and more dense than typical knitting, having a much more narrow gauge.  This narrow gauge should be considered when changing from the cable stitch to another type of knitted fabric.  If the number of stitches is not reduced, the second knitted fabric may flare out or pucker, due to its larger gauge.  Thus, ribbed cuffs on an aran sweater may not contract around the wrist or waist, as would normally be expected.  Conversely, stitches may need to be [[increase (knitting)|added]] to maintain the gauge when changing from another knitted fabric such as stocking to a cable pattern.
-===c. Cable stitch  ===
+Cables are usually done in stocking stitch, with a reverse stocking background, but any combination will do; for example, a background seed stitch in the regions bounded by cables often looks striking.  Another visually intriguing effect is '''meta-cabling''', where the cable itself is made up of cables, such as a three-cable plait made of strands that are themselves 2-cable plaits. In such cases, the "inner" cables sometimes go their separate ways, forming beautiful, complex patterns such as the branches of a tree.  Another interesting effect is to have one cable "pierce" another cable, rather than having it pass over or under the other.
-[[File:Knitcable.jpg|thumb|300px|Cables]]
-[[File:Cableneedle.JPG|thumb|300px|Two types of cable needles]]
-Cable knitting is a style of knitting in which the order of stitches is permuted.
-For example, let there be four stitches on the needle in the order ABCD. The first two may be crossed in front of the next two, forming the order CDAB.
+Two cables should cross each other completely in a single row; for example, two cables three stitches wide should cross with the three stitches of one cable passing over the three of the other cable.  It is very difficult to make an intermediate crossing row of fewer stitches look good.
-The stitches crossing behind are transferred to a small cable needle for storage while the stitches passing in front are knitted. The former stitches are then transferred back to the original needle or knitted from the cable needle itself. Other knitters prefer to transfer the stitches to a large safety pin or, for a single stitch, simply hold it in their fingers while knitting the other stitch(es). Cable stitches are generally permuted only on the right side, i.e., every other row. Having a spacer row helps the fabric to "relax".
+==Cable braids==
-Cable knitting is usually less flexible and more dense than typical knitting, having a much more narrow gauge. This narrow gauge should be considered when changing from the cable stitch to another type of knitted fabric. If the number of stitches is not reduced, the second knitted fabric may flare out or pucker, due to its larger gauge. Thus, ribbed cuffs on an aran sweater may not contract around the wrist or waist, as would normally be expected. Conversely, stitches may need to be added to maintain the gauge when changing from another knitted fabric such as stocking to a cable pattern.
+Cables are often used to make braid patterns.  Usually, the cables themselves are with a knit stitch while the background is done in purl.  As the number of cables increases, the number of crossing patterns increases, as described by the
+[[braid group]].  Various visual effects are also possible by shifting the
+center lines of the undulating cables, or by changing the space between the
+cables, making them denser or more open.
-Cables are usually done in stocking stitch, with a reverse stocking background, but any combination will do; for example, a background seed stitch in the regions bounded by cables often looks striking. Another visually intriguing effect is meta-cabling, where the cable itself is made up of cables, such as a three-cable plait made of strands that are themselves 2-cable plaits. In such cases, the "inner" cables sometimes go their separate ways, forming beautiful, complex patterns such as the branches of a tree. Another interesting effect is to have one cable "pierce" another cable, rather than having it pass over or under the other.
+A one-cable serpentine is simply a cable that moves sinusoidally left and
+right as it progresses.  Higher-order braids are often made with such
+serpentines crossing over and under each other.
-Two cables should cross each other completely in a single row; for example, two cables three stitches wide should cross with the three stitches of one cable passing over the three of the other cable. It is very difficult to make an intermediate crossing row of fewer stitches look good.
+A two-cable braid can look like a rope, if the cables always cross in the
-{{clear}}
+same way (e.g., left over right).  Alternatively, it can look like two serpentines, one on top of the other.
-===d. Ribbing ===
+A three-cable braid is usually a simple plait (as often seen styled in long hair),
-[[File:Ribbing.jpg|thumb|300px|1x1 Ribbing]]
+but can also be made to look like the links in a chain, or as three independent
-In knitting, ribbing is a pattern in which vertical stripes of stockinette stitch alternate with vertical stripes of reverse stockinette stitch. These two types of stripes may be separated by other stripes in which knit and purl stitches alternate vertically; such plissé stripes add width and depth to ribbing but not more elasticity.
+serpentines.
-The number of knit and purl stripes (wales) are generally equal, although they need not be. When they are equal, the fabric has no tendency to curl, unlike stockinette stitch. Such ribbing looks the same on both sides and is useful for garments such as scarves.
+A four-cable braid allows for several crossing patterns.
-Ribbing is notated by (number of knit stitches) x (number of purl stitches). Thus, 1x1 ribbing has one knit stitch, followed by one purl stitch, followed by one knit stitch, and so on.
+The five-cable braid is sometimes called the '''Celtic princess braid''', and
+is visually interesting because one side is cresting while the other side is
+in a trough.  Thus, it has a shimmering quality, similar to a [[kris]] dagger.
-Ribbing has a strong tendency to contract laterally, forming small pleats in which the purl stitches recede and the knit stitches come forward. Thus, ribbing is often used for cuffs, sweater hems and, more generally, any edge that should be form-fitting. The elasticity depends on the number of knit/purl transitions; 1x1 ribbing is more elastic than 2x2 ribbing, etc. However, some cable patterns may "pull in" more than ribbing (i.e., have a smaller gauge); in such cases, a ribbed border may flare out instead of contracting.
+The six-cable braid is called a '''Saxon braid''', and looks square and solid.  This is a large motif, often used as a centerpiece of an aran sweater or along the [[neckline]] and [[hemline]]s.
-Slip stitches may be added to increase the depth of the ribbing, and to accentuate the stitches of certain wales. For example, the knit stitches can be slipped every other row to double their height and make them come forward.
+The seven-cable braid is rarely used, possibly because it is very wide.
-Ribs can be decorated with nearly any motif used for a plain knitted fabric, e.g., bobbles, cables, lace, various colors, and so on.
+It may be helpful to think of a cable pattern as a set of serpentine or wave-like cables, each one meandering around its own center line.  A vast variety of cable patterns can be invented by changing the number of cables, the separations of their center lines, the amplitudes of their waves (i.e., how far they wander from their center line), the shape of the waves (e.g., sinusoidal versus triangular), and the relative position of the crests and troughs of each wave (e.g., is one wave cresting as another is crossing its center line?).
-{{clear}}
-===e. Garter stitch===
+New cable patterns can also be inspired by pictures, scenes from nature, Celtic knotwork, and even the [[DNA|double helix of DNA]].
-[[File:Garterstitch.jpg|thumb|300px|Garter stitch]]
-Garter stitch is the most basic form of welting (as seen from the right side). In the round, garter stitch is produced by knitting and purling alternate rows. By contrast, in the flat, garter stitch is produced by knitting every stitch (or purling every stitch, though this is much less common).
-In garter-stitch fabrics, the "purl" rows stand out from the "knit" rows, which provides the basis for shadow knitting. Garter-stitch fabric has significant lengthwise elasticity and little tendency to curl, due to the symmetry of its faces.
+==Cable lattices==
-{{clear}}
-===f. Stockinette stitch===
+In some cases, one can form a [[latticework|lattice]] of cables, a kind of ribbing
-[[File:Stockinette.jpg|thumb|300px|Stockinette stitch]]
+made of cables where the individual cable strands can be exchanged freely.
-Stockinette stitch (in the UK, Stocking Stitch) is the most basic knitted fabric; every stitch (as seen from the right side) is a knit stitch. In the round, stockinette stitch is produced by knitting every stitch; by contrast, in the flat, stockinette stitch is produced by knitting and purling alternate rows.
+A typical example is a set of parallel 2-cable plaits in which, every so
+often, the two cables of each plait separate, going left and right
+and integrating themselves in the neighboring cables.  In the process,
+the right-going cable of one plait crosses the left-going cable of its
+neighbor, forming an "X".
-Stockinette-stitch fabric is very smooth and each column ("wale") resembles a stacked set of "V"'s. It has a strong tendency to curl horizontally and vertically because of the asymmetry of its faces.
+==Cable textures==
-Reverse stockinette stitch is produced in the same way as stockinette, except that the purl stitches are done on the right side and the knit stitches on the wrong side. In the round, reverse stockinette stitch is produced by purling every stitch.
+Many patterns made with cables do not have a rope-like quality.
-{{clear}}
+For example, a deep honeycomb pattern can be made by adjacent
+serpentines, first touching the neighbor on the left then the neighbor
+on the right.  Other common patterns include a "Y"-like shape (and
+its inverse) and a [[horseshoe crab]] pattern.
-===g. Pick up a dropped stitch===
+==Aran sweaters==
-==3. Know how to care for these kinds of yarn: ==
-===a. Wool ===
-Wool is sensitive to agitation and hot water, which causes the overlapping scales of the fiber to stick together, what we call shrinking, or, if we do it on purpose, felting.
-To avoid this, wools should be washed in lukewarm water with little agitation. Most people prefer to wash wool items by hand to avoid any possibility of felting when they can't see what's happening inside their washing machine.
+The height of cable knitting is considered to be the [[Aran sweater]], which
+consists of panels of different cable patterns.
-===b. Hair ===
+==See also==
-===c. Synthetic ===
+* [[Knitting]]
-Synthetics are well-suited for the many currently popular novelty yarns, and their range is vast. Manufacturers continually attempt to make synthetic yarns that mimic the best properties of the natural fibers. Synthetics are generally durable, water-resistant, and strong, but can also be somewhat non-breathable and non-insulating. Most are machine washable, but are very sensitive to heat, and they will melt or burn at fairly low temperatures. Nevertheless, knitters can’t help but be drawn to their seductive textures and rich colors.
-Polyester: Polyester is made from a group of condensation polymers. It is resilient, smooth, crisp, and springy. It can be shaped with heat and is insensitive to moisture. It is lightweight, strong, and resistant to creasing, shrinking, and stretching. It is nicely washable, and is not damaged by sunlight, weather, moths, or mildew. Polyester is very often combined with other fibers.
+==References==
+{{No footnotes|date=February 2008}}
+* (2002) ''Vogue Knitting: The Ultimate Knitting Book'', updated ed., Sixth and Spring Books. ISBN-X
-Acrylic: Acrylic is a synthetic polymer fabric or yarn, and is lightweight and warm with a very wool-like feel. Although it is resistant to moths, oils, and chemicals, it is prone to static and pilling. 100% acrylic yarns can be a bit “cheap-looking,” if not chosen with care.
+* (1979) ''Reader's Digest Complete Guide to Needlework'', Reader's Digest Association.  ISBN
-Nylon: Nylon was the first completely synthetic fiber. It is strong and resistant to many chemicals and moths. It is also easy to wash and is very non-absorbent. It can be a bit scratchy if not blended with another fiber.
+* June Hemmons Hiatt (1988) ''The Principles of Knitting'', Simon and Schuster, pp. 41–51.  ISBN
-Viscose / Rayon: Viscose is a man-made fiber made of wood or cotton cellulose treated with sodium hydroxide to make a liquid that can be extruded as cellophane or rayon yarn. Rayon fiber is quite absorbent, dyes very well, is soft, and has a nice drape. Although it may shrink, it does not melt at high temperatures, and it is resistant to moths, bleach, and many common household chemicals. Rayon thread is divisible, shiny, and good for blending, but is not hard wearing.
+* Leapman, Melissa (2006) ''Cables Untangled: An Exploration of Cable Knitting'' , PotterCraft. ISBN
-==4. Show how to join on a new ball of yarn. ==
+* Snopek Barta, Allison (2009) ''Irish Cable Knitting Aran: Volume One and Volume Two'' [www.irishcableknitting.com]
-==5. Identify and know the purpose of the following weights of yarn:==
-===a. Medium ===
-Worsted Weight (also called Afghan or Aran) yarn is a medium weight yarn that is used for a wide range of projects. Thick adult sized clothing (such as sweaters, gloves, scarves, etc.) and home items (such as pillows, afghans, blankets, dishcloths, etc.)are customarily made from worsted weight yarn.  Worsted weight is used when items should be relatively durable, and thick, but not bulky.  Needle sizes 7-9 are recommended for use with worsted weight yarn, with a gauge of 4-5 stitches per inch in stockinette stitch.
-===b. Sports ===
+* VIDEO ''Irish Cable Knitting (2009) - How to Cable Stitch'' [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mtNBlNhoAI]
-Sport weight  (also called heavy baby weight, or fine) yarn is used to create objects with a little more weight than sock yarn, but lighter weight than DK yarn.  Baby clothing, light mittens, and light blankets are examples of items usually knit from sport weight yarn. The recommended needle size for sport weight yarn is 1-3, with a gauge of 7-8 stitches per inch in stockinette stitch.
-===c. Heavy ===
+{{knitting}}
-Chunky also called craft, or rug weight) is a heavy/bulky weight yarn (not to be confused with Bulky, or Roving, which is a super bulky weight yarn). It is a thick yarn that works up quickly on large needles, so if you don't have hours to spend on a new scarf, this is a good choice for something thick and warm, but also fast. It can also be used to make a quick throw or blanket.
-Needle size: US 9 - 11 (5.5mm - 8mm)
+[[Category:Knitting]]
-Hook size: US K10 1/3 - M13 (6.5mm - 9mm)
-===d. Super Bulky ===
-Bulky or Roving, is a super bulky weight yarn used for extremely thick, very quickly knitted objects, such as very heavy hats, coats and scarves. It is recommended that objects knitted in roving are done with needles sized 11 or greater, with a standard gauge of 1.5 - 2 stitches per inch.
-==6. Knit two items from the following:==
-===a. Slippers  ===
-===b. Mittens  ===
-===c. Baby booties  ===
-===d. Hat ===
-===e. Scarf===
-A scarf is perhaps the simplest knitting project possible.  If super bulky yarn is used with 25mm needles, the scarf can be knitted quickly which helps to abate any patience problems your Pathfinders might have.
-*Start by casting on 12 stitches.
-*Knit every row (forming a garter stitch) until the scarf's length exceeds the knitter's patience.
-*Bind off.
-===f. Sleeveless sweater===
-===g. Reasonable choice===
-One reasonable choice would be a pair of leg warmers.
-==References==
-* http://www.learntoknit.com/abbreviations.php3
-* http://www.knittinghelp.com/
-[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
+[[simple:Cable knitting]]