AY Honors/Soap Craft - Advanced/Answer Key 2/en

Soap Craft - Advanced

Skill Level

2

Year

1964

Version

22.11.2024

Approval authority

North American Division

Template:Division variant

1

Have the Soap Craft Honor.

For tips and instruction see Soap Craft.

2

What types of fats can be used in making soap?

With lye - Safety glasses, long sleeves, long pants, gloves, close toe shoes, hair net or head covering, mask, accurate scale

Without Lye - Pot holder, hair net or hair covering, gloves, accurate scale.

3

What is used in making soap transparent?

• sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
• potassium hydroxide (KOH)
• lithium hydroxide (LiOH)

Additionally

• rubidium hydroxide (RbOH)
• cesium hydroxide (CsOH)

Lye is a strong alkali which is highly soluble in water, producing caustic, basic solution. The Lye is needed to react with the fat to form a new product which is a surfactant. Surfactants are molecules that spontaneously bond with each other, in the case of Lye and fat, they form soap.

4

What are the advantages and disadvantages of soap and detergent?

When a triglyceride (fat, oil or lipid) is treated with a strong base (lye), it cleaves the ester bond, releasing fatty acid salts (soaps) and glycerol.

It is called Saponification.

5

What are some cleaning aids added to soap mixtures?

Hard soap is made with sodium hydroxide, whereas soft/liquid soap is made with potassium hydroxide.

6

What makes soap float?

Vegetable fats such as olive oil, corn oil, palm oil, and coconut oil.

Animal fats such as tallow and lard.

7

What makes soap hard?

Transparent soap is simply "hot process soap" that uses solvents (sugar, glycerin and alcohol) to dissolve the soap crystals that form. This allows light to pass through the soap, creating transparency.

8

Learn the following verses: Jeremiah 2:22, Malachi 3:2.

Soap is biodegradable, derived from natural sources, but does not work well in cold water and forms soap scum. Detergent works in all temperatures and in saline water, does not form scum, but is not biodegradable and is made from synthetic materials.

9

Explain two methods of making soap. Make a batch of soap by one of these methods.

Air is whipped into the soap as it hardens.

10

Do one of the following:

For though you wash yourself with lye, and use much soap, yet your iniquity is marked before Me,” says the Lord God.
— Jeremiah 2:22 (NKJV)

“But who can endure the day of His coming? And who can stand when He appears? For He is like a refiner’s fire and like launderers’ soap.
— Malachi 3:2 (NKJV)

11

Essential oils, perfumes, seeds as scrubbers, colorants

12

Use wood molds lined with parchment paper, or silicone molds and forms that will not react with the lye. Use containers that will not react with the soap, while keeping in mind a way to release it, if desired.

Do not use aluminum as the lye will dissolve the surface, or wood by itself as it will absorb the liquid soap.

13

Methods include:

• melt & pour
• rebatch
• cold process
• hot process
• oven process
• hot process liquid

Melt & pour and rebatch do not need lye because they are already saponified.

14

15

15a

15b

Advanced technique

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtijzOHJ_9M

Step by step all the basics

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6Gd21-y6WF-v6py2auawyT5TMPyqHa6H

15c

References