AY Honors/Birds/Answer Key/es

Aves
Asociación General Estudio de la naturaleza	Destreza: 1 Año de introducción: 1928

Requisitos

Conexión Logros para la Investidura: Esta especialidad está relacionada con los requisitos de Logros para la Investidura para AMIGO Estudio de la naturaleza que requiere configurar una estación de alimentación e informar sobre las aves visitantes observadas durante un período de siete días como está escrito en el requisito 7a de esta especialidad. Esta especialidad es una elección popular para la especialidad de la categoría de Estudio de la naturaleza de nivel de destreza 1 requerido para los AMIGOS DE LA NATURALEZA.

1

Dar dos características que establecen a las aves aparte de todas las demás criaturas.

A menudo es útil comparar las características de grupos decriaturas para ver qué es lo mismo que otras criaturas, pero para identificarlas, es útil encontrar las diferencias también. Hay cinco clases de criaturas con una columna vertebral. Estas clases incluyen los peces, anfibios, reptiles, aves y mamíferos.

Todos los vertebrados tienen una columna vertebral, pero las aves tienen una serie de características únicas, tales como:

1. Vuelan
2. Huevos con cáscara dura
3. Sangre caliente
4. Cubiertos con plumas
5. Huesos huecos
6. Estructura ósea en el ojo
7. Vista aguda
8. Voces musicales
9. Capacidad para detectar campos magnéticos
10. Muy coloridos

Cada una de estas cosas parece bastante única, pero cuando miramos las otras clases de vertebrados, encontramos que las aves no son las únicas criaturas que pueden volar. Hay peces voladores, serpientes que planean, ranas que planean y murciélagos. Cada clase de vertebrados tiene la capacidad de volar y los murciélagos al menos pueden igualar la capacidad de vuelo de las aves. También debemos observar que no todas las aves son capaces de volar (pingüinos, avestruces y otros son incapaces de volar).

Los mamíferos son de sangre caliente entonces eso no es exclusivo de las aves. Las ballenas, las ranas y algunos de los primates tienen voces muy musicales, aunque pocos se pueden comparar con las aves liras de Nueva Guinea o incluso con un simple cenzontle. Muchos de los mamíferos como los suricatos tienen buena vista, entonces tampoco es único, y la mayoría de los peces tienen la capacidad de detectar campos electromagnéticos.

Cuando hemos comparado las distintas clases, encontramos que hay sólo algunas cosas que son exclusivas de la clase Aves.

Todos ponen huevos de caparazón duro que ellos incuban usando su temperatura corporal.

Todos ellos están cubiertos con una estructura de plumas que difiere mucho de las escamas y la piel.

Huesos huecos les permiten volar casi sin esfuerzo.

Un hueso de anillo en los ojos de los pájaros es lo que les permite enfocarse tan bien y tener una vista tan aguda.

Todas estas características nos dan una idea de lo que hace que las aves sean únicas y también una idea de por qué estamos tan atraídos por estas coloridas criaturas voladoras.

2

Nombrar tres aves no voladoras, decir lo que compone su dieta y el nombre del país o continente en el que cada una vive.

• 

  Casuarius casuarius (Casuario)

• 

  Dromaius novaehollandiae (Emú)

• 

  Apteryx (Kiwi)

• 

  Struthio camelus (Avestruz)

• 

  Aptenodytes forsteri (Pingüino emperador)

• 

  Rhea americana (Ñandú)

• 

  Alca impennis (Alca gigante)

• 

  Raphus cucullatus (Dodo)

El Alca impennis (Alca gigante) y el Raphus cucullatus (Dodo) están representados con las otras aves no voladoras porque eran aves no voladoras que enfrentaban muchos de los mismos peligros de algunas de las aves no voladoras actuales, como el Apteryx (Kiwi). El hombre y los animales que vienen con el hombre como perros, cerdos, gatos y ratas son muy peligrosos para cualquier ave que anide en el suelo. Muchas aves sin vuelo se han extinguido debido al hombre y sus acciones. Estas dos especies representan un número mucho mayor que se ha extinguido a manos del hombre.

Casuario

Cassowaries are native to the tropical forests of New Guinea and northeastern Australia. Some nearby islands also have small cassowary populations, but it is not known if these are natural or the result of the New Guinea trade in young birds. They are frugivorous; fallen fruit and fruit on low branches are the mainstay of their diet. They also eat fungi, snails, insects, frogs, snakes and other small animals.

Emu

The Emu is the largest bird native to Australia. They eat a variety of plant species; the type of plants eaten depends on seasonal availability. They also eat insects, including grasshoppers and crickets, lady beetles, soldier and salt bush caterpillars, cotton-boll moth larvae and ants.

Kiwi

Kiwis are from New Zealand. They eat small invertebrates, seeds, grubs, and many varieties of worms. They also may eat fruit, small crayfish, eels, and amphibians. Their long beaks, with nostrils at the end of them, help them to catch prey.

Ostrich

Ostriches live in the savannas of Africa. They mainly feed on seeds and other plant matter; occasionally they also eat insects such as locusts. Lacking teeth, they swallow pebbles that help as gastroliths to grind the swallowed foodstuff in the gizzard. An adult ostrich typically carries about 1 kg of stones in its stomach.

Penguin

Penguins are aquatic birds living exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid, and other forms of sea life caught while swimming underwater. They spend half of their life on land and half in the oceans.

Rhea

Rheas are native to South America. They are omnivorous, preferring broad-leafed plants, but also eating seeds, roots, fruit, insects, and small vertebrates.

3

Mencionar el día de la semana cuando las aves fueron creadas. Buscar en la Biblia los nombres de cinco aves y poder nombrarlas de memoria.

Birds were created on the Fifth day - see Genesis 1:20-23

Pelican, Raven, Owl - Isaiah 34:11

Chicken or Cock- Matthew 23:37, Luke 13:34

Eagle - Jeremiah 49:22, Jeremiah 4:13, Job 9:26, Deuteronomy 28:49, Job 39:27-29

Ostrich (NKJV) or Owl (NIV) - Micah 1:8

Dove - Genesis 8:8-11, Matthew 10:16, Hosea 7:11

Eagle, Buzzard, Kite, Falcon, Raven, Ostrich, Owl, Sea Gull, Hawk, Little Owl, Cormorant, Great Owl, White Owl, Pelican, Vulture, Stork, Heron, and Hoopoe- Leviticus 11:13-19

Peacock - 1 Kings 10:22

Raven - 1 Kings 17

Partridge - Jeremiah 17:11

Various Bible versions may translate the original Scriptures differently e.g. one version may use "kite," while another may use "falcon." The texts given are examples, and some birds are named many times.

4

Escribir o dar verbalmente tres maneras en que el amor y el propósito de Dios se muestra en la creación de las aves.

"Children should be encouraged to search out in nature the objects that illustrate Bible teachings, and to trace in the Bible the similitudes drawn from nature. They should search out, both in nature and in Holy Writ, every object representing Christ, and those also that He employed in illustrating truth. Thus may they learn to see Him in tree and vine, in lily and rose, in sun and star. They may learn to hear His voice in the song of birds, in the sighing of the trees, in the rolling thunder, and in the music of the sea. And every object in nature will repeat to them His precious lessons." Child Guidance, p. 46.

1. God created the birds to point to Himself as the provider of all that we need. If He takes care of the birds, He shall surely take care of our needs. (Luke 12:24)

2. Birds teach us about God. (Job 12:7-9)

• God says he will protect us like the mother hen protects her chicks. (Matt. 23:37)
• Jesus said God sees the sparrow fall, and much more He sees us. (Matt. 10:29-31)
• He will give us strength like that of the eagle. (Isa. 40:31)

3. The adaptations of birds (especially their beaks, their legs and feet) show us God's creative power.

4. We ought to trust God totally just as birds do. (Matt 6:26)

5. Jesus loves everybody and every thing and as He takes the animals in to account before He does something, He wants us to do so as well. (Jonah 4:11)

5

Hacer una lista de 30 especies de aves silvestres, incluyendo las aves de al menos cinco diferentes órdenes, que personalmente ha observado y positivamente identificado por vista al aire libre.

Birders equip themselves with a good field guide and a checklist of birds found in the the local area they are birding. While the field guide may cover the whole continent or country and include helpful pictures and data that help you fill in the info you need for this requirement, a local checklist will narrow down the birds you can expect to actually see.

You can easily find bird checklists online - look for a birding club in your area or check out /http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/avibase.jsp?lang=EN which is based in Canada but covers the world with various degrees of completeness.

You can also consult Wikibooks' Guide to Birds to help you identify some birds. As of this writing, this field guide is still in its infancy, so you might be well served to purchase a more thorough field guide book, especially since physical field guides don't need batteries or wi fi. Field guides are generally tailored to a specific area of the world, so be sure to consult one that covers your area.

The Birds - Advanced honor requires observing 30 additional birds and collecting additional information, so if you want to earn the advanced honor you should follow the additional requirements for the first 30 birds right from the start. The requirement says:

10. Make a list of 60 species of wild birds, including birds from at least ten different families, that you personally have observed and positively identified by sight out of doors. For each species on this list note the following: a. Name b. Date observed c. Place observed d. Habitat (i.e., field, woods, river, lake, etc.) e. Status where observed (permanent resident, winter resident, summer resident, migrant, vagrant)

6

Hacer una lista de cinco especies de aves silvestres que personalmente ha identificado positivamente escuchando el sonido al aire libre.

The Guide to Birds has "bird call" links for several birds (though it is not yet exhaustive). Listen to the most common birds in your area so that you may learn to identify them by their calls. Many birds (such as the woodpeckers and the Bobwhite) are a lot easier to identify by their calls, because they are so much easier to hear than to see.

You can also purchase CD's from Peterson's Birding by Ear series. Select one that was made for your region.

7

Realizar una de las siguientes actividades:

7a

Configurar una estación de alimentación e informar sobre las aves visitantes observadas durante un período de siete días.

This should be done by the individual

7b

Encontrar un nido de aves durante la temporada de anidación, identificar la especie de ave que lo construyó, describir el nido en detalle, observar el nido durante cinco días e informar lo que sucedió en el nido en cada uno de los días.

7c

En el hemisferio occidental: mantener un alimentador de colibríes por dos meses.

i

¿En qué consiste el néctar hecho por el hombre?

Hummingbird nectar should consist of four parts water to one part sugar (by volume).

ii

¿Por qué no debe utilizar colorante de alimentos o miel?

Honey promotes the growth of a fungus that can kill hummingbirds, so it should never be used.

The assertion that food coloring is bad for hummingbirds has been around since the 1970's, but it has never been proven conclusively. However, since there is no reason to put food coloring in the nectar, why bother? The hummingbirds can find the feeder by the feeder's color, so it is not necessary to color the nectar.

iii

¿Cuándo se debe cambiar el líquido en el alimentador?

The feeder should be cleaned weekly.

iv

¿Cómo debería el alimentador ser atendido?

Every time you clean the feeder, check for black mold. If you find any, clean the feeder with bleach. Do not clean a feeder with soap (but you can use white vinegar as long as you rinse it thoroughly afterwards). If hummingbirds are not emptying the feeder before the syrup spoils, don't fill it completely next time. Spoiled syrup will appear cloudy and must be discarded - hummers won't eat it.

Clean the feeder thoroughly once per month with a bottle brush. Soak it in a solution of a 60ml bleach and 4 liters of water. Rinse well, and refill with syrup.

Unless precautions are taken, ants will get into your feeder. Look for a dripless feeder with an ant moat. These are very effective at addressing the problem.

7d

En otras zonas del mundo: seleccionar al menos tres diferentes hábitats en su área y hacer listas comparativas de aves de esos hábitats, indicando las diferencias que espera encontrar en las aves y las realmente encontradas.

Different habitats may include:

• Fresh water (rivers, lakes, ponds, etc.)
• Salt water (bays & ocean)
• Fields & meadows
• Forests
• Desserts
• Wetlands

Choose three such areas and observe them. Make lists of the birds you see in each area. You should expect to see differences, as different birds frequent different habitats. For example, you should expect to see herons, pipers, ducks and geese near water, and you should expect to see meadowlarks in fields, and so forth.